芒果视频

簡介

那(nei)(nei)曲(qu)(qu)冬蟲夏草(cao)(cao)產地于在(zai)西(xi)藏(zang)那(nei)(nei)曲(qu)(qu)地區，它屬(shu)于藏(zang)蟲草(cao)(cao)中的(de)一種。從其生長(chang)環境來區分，因西(xi)藏(zang)那(nei)(nei)曲(qu)(qu)基本(ben)上都是草(cao)(cao)原，因此那(nei)(nei)曲(qu)(qu)冬蟲夏草(cao)(cao)屬(shu)于草(cao)(cao)原蟲草(cao)(cao)。

分布情況

西(xi)藏(zang)那(nei)曲冬蟲夏(xia)草(cao)是指地(di)(di)理位置介于(yu)東經92°04′至(zhi)94°10′，北(bei)緯38°40′至(zhi)31°58′之間的西(xi)藏(zang)自治區那(nei)曲地(di)(di)區那(nei)曲、嘉黎、比(bi)如(ru)、索縣、巴青、聶榮6縣現轄行政區域的自然環境(jing)下(xia)，天(tian)然生長的冬蟲夏(xia)草(cao)。一般產于(yu)海拔3600~6000米的西(xi)藏(zang)那(nei)曲地(di)(di)區羌(qiang)塘(tang)草(cao)原，和其他(ta)產地(di)(di)的冬蟲夏(xia)草(cao)相比(bi)具有蟲體(ti)粗、表面色澤黃(huang)(huang)凈、子座(zuo)短、活性物(wu)質(zhi)多、無污染等特點。目(mu)前，西(xi)藏(zang)那(nei)曲冬蟲夏(xia)是世界公認的最優質(zhi)的冬蟲夏(xia)草(cao)，有“極草(cao)”、“黃(huang)(huang)金草(cao)”之稱。

采收時間

每年夏初5月中旬至6月底(di)，子座(zuo)未出土，孢子未發散(san)時挖取，曬至6-7成(cheng)干，除去纖(xian)維狀(zhuang)的附(fu)著(zhu)物及雜質，曬干或低溫干燥。

儲存方法

儲存關鍵在(zai)于防(fang)潮、防(fang)蛀和防(fang)蟲，把蟲草放進密封的玻璃瓶，里(li)面再放一些花椒(jiao)或丹(dan)皮(pi)，然(ran)后放置在(zai)冰(bing)箱(xiang)中；如果需要保存半年以上，在(zai)儲存冬蟲夏草的地方旁邊還要擺放干燥劑(ji)，以更好地防(fang)潮。

形態特點

那曲冬蟲夏草(cao)相比其他蟲草(cao)具有(you)以(yi)下特點：

1、西(xi)藏那(nei)曲(qu)蟲(chong)草(cao)(cao)蟲(chong)體表面(mian)色(se)澤(ze)黃凈，不論(lun)蟲(chong)體大小(xiao)，色(se)澤(ze)均一(yi)致。其他產地蟲(chong)草(cao)(cao)色(se)或(huo)(huo)淡，或(huo)(huo)泛(fan)紅而(er)灰(hui)白。另(ling)外(wai)，西(xi)藏那(nei)曲(qu)所(suo)(suo)產蟲(chong)草(cao)(cao)眼睛顏色(se)為棕色(se)，青(qing)海(hai)玉樹(shu)和(he)(he)果洛所(suo)(suo)產蟲(chong)草(cao)(cao)眼睛顏色(se)為黃色(se)，川(chuan)草(cao)(cao)和(he)(he)其它地區所(suo)(suo)產的草(cao)(cao)多(duo)為紅色(se)。

2、西藏那(nei)曲(qu)蟲(chong)(chong)草無論蟲(chong)(chong)體大小，看上去均顯得粗肥勻稱，尾寬長至少5cm以上。其他產(chan)地(di)的蟲(chong)(chong)草蟲(chong)(chong)體細瘦(shou)且尾細短。

3、西藏那曲蟲(chong)草(cao)蟲(chong)體(ti)和尾皆(jie)透亮油潤，有股濃(nong)酥油的香(xiang)味(wei)(wei)。其他產地(di)的蟲(chong)草(cao)香(xiang)味(wei)(wei)極淡，甚(shen)至只有草(cao)味(wei)(wei)，且無(wu)油潤感。

不同(tong)(tong)產(chan)地(di)的冬蟲(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)差異(yi)是(shi)比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)的。西(xi)藏(zang)那(nei)曲蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)、西(xi)藏(zang)林(lin)芝蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)、青海蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)以及四(si)川(chuan)蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)這(zhe)些不同(tong)(tong)產(chan)地(di)的蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)是(shi)有(you)明顯區(qu)別的，采(cai)挖時(shi)間(jian)、蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)體色(se)和藥用價值都(dou)不同(tong)(tong)。一般(ban)從時(shi)間(jian)來說，5、6月間(jian)采(cai)集的蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)質量最(zui)好，海拔越高，天(tian)氣轉(zhuan)暖，冬蟲(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)的采(cai)挖期同(tong)(tong)樣就(jiu)(jiu)越晚(wan)。而且海拔越高，蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)質量也就(jiu)(jiu)越上乘。從地(di)形來講，陽坡的蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)相(xiang)對于(yu)陰坡要好。從產(chan)區(qu)來講，西(xi)藏(zang)那(nei)曲蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)為最(zui)上乘，尤其是(shi)色(se)度和大(da)(da)小；較(jiao)(jiao)差的是(shi)四(si)川(chuan)蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)，個頭較(jiao)(jiao)小、顏色(se)較(jiao)(jiao)黑、子座(zuo)較(jiao)(jiao)長。西(xi)藏(zang)由(you)于(yu)氣候條件差異(yi)，西(xi)藏(zang)蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)采(cai)挖期比(bi)其他省區(qu)再(zai)推遲半月或一月左右。那(nei)曲地(di)區(qu)五(wu)月份蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)就(jiu)(jiu)已經開(kai)始(shi)生(sheng)長。

蟲(chong)草(cao)因其(qi)產地(di)海(hai)拔(ba)高度不同(tong)、品質差(cha)異較(jiao)大。西藏(zang)那(nei)曲(qu)是海(hai)拔(ba)最(zui)高的(de)(de)蟲(chong)草(cao)產區(qu)(qu)，產區(qu)(qu)海(hai)拔(ba)高度約(yue)4500－6000米；其(qi)次是青海(hai)，產區(qu)(qu)海(hai)拔(ba)高度約(yue) 3000－4000米；再(zai)次是四(si)川(chuan)和其(qi)它地(di)區(qu)(qu)，蟲(chong)草(cao)的(de)(de)品質就較(jiao)差(cha)了。色(se)澤也各異，以蟲(chong)草(cao)眼睛的(de)(de)顏(yan)色(se)最(zui)明顯。西藏(zang)那(nei)曲(qu)所產蟲(chong)草(cao)眼睛顏(yan)色(se)為(wei)棕色(se)，青海(hai)玉樹和果(guo)洛所產蟲(chong)草(cao)眼睛顏(yan)色(se)為(wei)黃色(se)，川(chuan)草(cao)和其(qi)它地(di)區(qu)(qu)所產的(de)(de)草(cao)多為(wei)紅(hong)色(se)。

生長過程

那曲(qu)(qu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)在(zai)西藏(zang)高(gao)原那曲(qu)(qu)地(di)區海(hai)拔4500~6000米的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)原上。冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)簡稱蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)，是(shi)冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)真(zhen)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)寄生(sheng)于(yu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)蝙蝠蛾幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體(ti)內(nei)，到(dao)(dao)了(le)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)季發育而成。冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)因(yin)此得名。真(zhen)正的(de)(de)(de)(de)冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)均為野(ye)生(sheng)，具有(you)醫藥療效的(de)(de)(de)(de)冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)產(chan)地(di)是(shi)西藏(zang)那曲(qu)(qu)和青(qing)海(hai)玉樹兩(liang)個(ge)產(chan)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)，藏(zang)曲(qu)(qu)堂冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)和同仁(ren)(ren)堂是(shi)這兩(liang)個(ge)產(chan)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)代表品牌(pai)，其中(zhong)以同仁(ren)(ren)堂價格最高(gao)。夏(xia)(xia)(xia)季，蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)卵產(chan)于(yu)地(di)面(mian)，經過(guo)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)月左(zuo)右孵化變成幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)后鉆入(ru)潮濕松軟的(de)(de)(de)(de)土層。土里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)真(zhen)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)孢(bao)(bao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)囊侵(qin)襲(xi)了(le)幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，在(zai)幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體(ti)內(nei)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。經過(guo)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)冬(dong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)，到(dao)(dao)第二年(nian)春天(tian)(tian)(tian)來臨，真(zhen)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)絲開(kai)始生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，到(dao)(dao)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)天(tian)(tian)(tian)時長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)出地(di)面(mian)，外(wai)觀象一(yi)(yi)根小草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)，這樣，幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)軀殼(ke)與真(zhen)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)絲共同組成了(le)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)完(wan)整的(de)(de)(de)(de)“冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)”。菌(jun)(jun)(jun)孢(bao)(bao)把(ba)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體(ti)作為養料，生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)迅速，蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體(ti)一(yi)(yi)般為四至(zhi)五厘米，菌(jun)(jun)(jun)孢(bao)(bao)一(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)之內(nei)即可長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)至(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)，這時的(de)(de)(de)(de)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)稱為“頭草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)”，子(zi)(zi)(zi)座(zuo)普遍(bian)短小，顏(yan)色與飽滿度(du)都(dou)屬上等，藥用價值最好(hao)；第2～3天(tian)(tian)(tian)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)孢(bao)(bao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)至(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)1.5～2倍左(zuo)右，稱為“中(zhong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)”，子(zi)(zi)(zi)座(zuo)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)適中(zhong)或稍(shao)稍(shao)偏(pian)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，顏(yan)色與飽滿度(du)都(dou)屬中(zhong)等或偏(pian)上，藥用價值較好(hao)；超過(guo)3天(tian)(tian)(tian)，菌(jun)(jun)(jun)孢(bao)(bao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)至(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體(ti)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍或者以上，稱為“尾草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)”，子(zi)(zi)(zi)座(zuo)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)較長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，顏(yan)色與飽滿度(du)很一(yi)(yi)般或較差，藥用價值較差。

藥用價值

性(xing)(xing)味功(gong)能：味甘(gan)，性(xing)(xing)平(ping)。有補肺(fei)益腎，止喘咳，補精氣，扶正抑癌(ai)，提高免疫力的(de)功(gong)能的(de)；

主治用(yong)法：用(yong)于咳虛喘(chuan)，勞嗽咯(ge)血，陽痿遺精，腰膝酸(suan)痛(tong)。用(yong)量3-9g；

應用：

1.病后體虛，貧血，頭(tou)暈(yun)，白細(xi)胞、紅細(xi)胞減少，冬蟲夏草9g，燉童子(zi)雞吃(chi)。或燉鴨、豬肉(rou)吃(chi)了(le)；

2.陽痿、遺精，腰酸腿軟：冬蟲夏草(cao)、杜仲、淫羊(yang)霍、肉蓯蓉。水煎服(fu)；

3.肺結核咳血：冬(dong)蟲夏草、白(bai)芨、百部各(ge)12g，杏仁、川貝、麥冬(dong)各(ge)9g，阿膠(jiao)珠(zhu)5g。水煎服(fu)；

4.慢性腎炎(yan)：冬蟲(chong)夏草。水煎(jian)，常服。

近代醫學(xue)臨(lin)(lin)床(chuang)研究證實(shi)，那曲冬(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)含(han)(han)有蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)酸(suan)(suan)約7%，糖類28.9%，脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)約8.4%，蛋白質約25%，脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)中82.2%為不飽和脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)(suan)，此外，尚含(han)(han)有維(wei)生素(su)B12、麥角脂(zhi)(zhi)醇、六碳糖醇、生物堿(jian)等(deng)。據醫學(xue)科學(xue)分析，蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體內(nei)含(han)(han)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)酸(suan)(suan)。維(wei)生素(su)B12、脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)、蛋白等(deng)。蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)性甘、溫平、無(wu)毒，是(shi)著名的(de)(de)滋補強(qiang)壯(zhuang)藥(yao)，常(chang)用肉(rou)類燉食，有補虛(xu)(xu)健體之效(xiao)。適用于治(zhi)療肺氣虛(xu)(xu)和肺腎(shen)(shen)兩虛(xu)(xu)、肺結(jie)核等(deng)所(suo)致的(de)(de)咯血(xue)或痰中帶血(xue)、咳(ke)嗽(sou)。氣短(duan)、盜汗(han)等(deng)，對腎(shen)(shen)虛(xu)(xu)陽(yang)痿(wei)、腰膝酸(suan)(suan)疼等(deng)亦(yi)有良好的(de)(de)療效(xiao)，也是(shi)老年(nian)體弱者的(de)(de)滋補佳品。現(xian)代醫學(xue)研究表(biao)明(ming)，冬(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)吞(tun)噬(shi)腫瘤細(xi)胞的(de)(de)能力是(shi)硒的(de)(de)4倍，冬(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)所(suo)含(han)(han)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)素(su)能明(ming)顯增強(qiang)紅細(xi)胞粘附腫瘤細(xi)胞的(de)(de)能力，抑制腫瘤生長和轉移，能明(ming)顯提升白血(xue)球(qiu)和血(xue)小(xiao)板數量，迅(xun)速改善放化(hua)療后(hou)的(de)(de)嘔吐惡心(xin)、胃口差、頭發脫落、失(shi)眠等(deng)癥(zheng)狀。在美國，已(yi)將(jiang)冬(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)列為抗腫瘤新(xin)藥(yao)，進入臨(lin)(lin)床(chuang)三期。此外，冬(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)對于某些腎(shen)(shen)病與呼(hu)吸(xi)系(xi)統疾病也有很好的(de)(de)治(zhi)療作用。清代吳儀洛《本草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)叢新(xin)》，書中認(ren)為冬(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)性味(wei)甘，溫。功能補肺益腎(shen)(shen)，化(hua)痰止(zhi)咳(ke)。可用之于久(jiu)咳(ke)虛(xu)(xu)喘(chuan)，產后(hou)虛(xu)(xu)弱、陽(yang)痿(wei)陰冷等(deng)“虛(xu)(xu)”的(de)(de)病癥(zheng)。