鄫(ceng)國(guo)(繒國(guo))為源(yuan)自夏代少康次子曲烈(lie)(烈(lie)曲)的封(feng)國(guo),因始(shi)封(feng)地名為“鄫(ceng)”而(er)得國(guo)名。
歷夏、商、周,存世時間(jian)約2000年(nian),于魯(lu)襄公(gong)6年(nian)(前567年(nian))滅于莒。故城遺址位于蒼(cang)山(shan)縣文(wen)峰山(shan)東部向(xiang)城鎮境內(nei)。鄫國(guo)滅后(hou)(hou),太(tai)子巫逃至魯(lu),其后(hou)(hou)代為紀念故國(guo)以國(guo)名(ming)“鄫”為姓(xing)(xing)氏,后(hou)(hou)去邑旁(“阝(fu)”)為“曾”,成為“曾氏”的姓(xing)(xing)氏起(qi)源。
據統計,按人(ren)口多(duo)少(shao),曾姓(xing)為中(zhong)國第38大姓(xing),約(yue)占全國漢(han)族(zu)人(ren)口0.49%,人(ren)口大約(yue)有600多(duo)萬,尤(you)以湖南、四川、廣(guang)東、江西、福(fu)建(jian)等省(sheng)為多(duo)。
另外,曾姓族人已(yi)在臺灣、新(xin)加坡、馬來(lai)西亞、印度尼西亞、菲律賓、泰國、越南(nan)、緬甸、日(ri)本、美(mei)國、法國、澳大利(li)亞、新(xin)西蘭等許多國家(jia)和地區安家(jia)落戶(hu)。
備受(shou)關(guan)注的鄫國故(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)考古勘探取得(de)重大進展,專家已勘探確定了(le)故(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東、南(nan)、西、北(bei)四個大門的具體位置(zhi),以及故(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河、夾(jia)道(dao)、南(nan)門石道(dao)、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中宮殿遺(yi)址的具體方位,專家還在鄫國故(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)側葬(zang)(zang)山發現(xian)了(le)一個諸侯王級別的墓(mu)葬(zang)(zang)。
該(gai)遺(yi)址座落在鄫城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)前村和鄫城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)后村之(zhi)間(jian)(jian),故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門遺(yi)址處(chu)有(you)(you)一塊灰色石灰巖材質的“省級文物保護(hu)單位”標志碑,上書(shu)“鄫國故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”。記者極目四望,故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址略呈正方形,大致范圍還(huan)依稀(xi)可(ke)辨(bian),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區輪(lun)廓保存基(ji)本(ben)完整。其中,南、北門依稀(xi)可(ke)辨(bian),東(dong)南、東(dong)北城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)角保存尚(shang)好,高(gao)處(chu)達9米(mi)。故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西側為文峰山,北側及東(dong)北側均被群山環繞(rao)。據(ju)鄫城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)前村的村民(min)高(gao)榮昌介紹,故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西側不遠處(chu)有(you)(you)季(ji)(ji)文子河(he)(he),只在春季(ji)(ji)四月份時(shi)有(you)(you)斷河(he)(he)現象,其它時(shi)間(jian)(jian)水(shui)量較(jiao)大,故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)側500米(mi)處(chu)有(you)(you)長年河(he)(he)水(shui)豐沛的加(jia)河(he)(he)。
故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)略呈正方形,其中(zhong)北城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)長(chang)435米(mi)(mi)(mi)、南城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)長(chang)455米(mi)(mi)(mi)、東(dong)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)長(chang)600米(mi)(mi)(mi)、西城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)長(chang)414米(mi)(mi)(mi),因(yin)此故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)形狀(zhuang)實為(wei)梯形,面(mian)積約(yue)30萬平方米(mi)(mi)(mi),墻(qiang)基(ji)寬約(yue)30米(mi)(mi)(mi),有(you)南門(men)(men)、北門(men)(men)、東(dong)門(men)(men)及西門(men)(men),高大的城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)外圍有(you)寬40米(mi)(mi)(mi)的護城(cheng)(cheng)河(he),城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)及護城(cheng)(cheng)河(he)之間的夾道(dao)(dao)寬37.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)。故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)間是(shi)大面(mian)積的平坦高臺,祼(guan)露著青石(shi)長(chang)條壘徹的建筑(zhu)房(fang)基(ji),為(wei)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)宮殿遺(yi)址。同時,專(zhuan)家還(huan)發(fa)現(xian)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)南門(men)(men)外有(you)古石(shi)道(dao)(dao),是(shi)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)南門(men)(men)的主要(yao)通道(dao)(dao)。