發展歷史
隋大業七(qi)年(公元611年),東(dong)漢的潼關,遷(qian)于南(nan)北連城(cheng)關間(jian)的坑(keng)獸檻谷(今港口(kou)(kou)鎮禁溝(gou)口(kou)(kou)附(fu)近)。隋亡后,唐(tang)朝仍(reng)在(zai)此設(she)防約八十年。 唐(tang)天授二年(公元691年),再資助遷(qian)關,移近黃(huang)河(即今港口(kou)(kou)鎮的舊城(cheng)址),建有關樓(lou),城(cheng)外開挖塹溝(gou)。
明代,潼(tong)關(guan)為軍事治所(suo),設潼(tong)關(guan)衛,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池(chi)空前(qian)擴(kuo)大(da)。洪(hong)武九(jiu)年(公(gong)元(yuan)1376年)對前(qian)朝關(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)向南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)、向西(xi)作(zuo)了(le)大(da)規模(mo)的(de)擴(kuo)建(jian)(jian)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)、西(xi)、北(bei)三面由板(ban)筑(zhu)而成,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)高(gao)(gao) 約(yue)16米,南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)與東(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)一隅,是(shi)順山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢之高(gao)(gao)下,削成垛口,高(gao)(gao)達30多(duo)米,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池(chi)周(zhou)長11.2公(gong)里。這就把麒(qi)麟山(shan)(shan)(shan)、鳳凰山(shan)(shan)(shan)、象山(shan)(shan)(shan)、印(yin)臺山(shan)(shan)(shan)、筆架山(shan)(shan)(shan)等囊括于城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中。建(jian)(jian)有六處(chu)(chu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men):東(dong)(dong)(dong)門(men)(men)(men)名(ming)“金(jin)陡(dou)”;西(xi)門(men)(men)(men)名(ming)“懷遠(yuan)”;南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)有上南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)門(men)(men)(men)、下南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)門(men)(men)(men);北(bei)有大(da)北(bei)門(men)(men)(men)和小北(bei)門(men)(men)(men)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)、西(xi)門(men)(men)(men)和大(da)北(bei)門(men)(men)(men)建(jian)(jian)有高(gao)(gao)大(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)。建(jian)(jian)文二年(公(gong)元(yuan)1400年)及(ji)宣德年間(jian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1512年)給水(shui)關(guan)建(jian)(jian)了(le)樓(lou)。嘉靖十八年(公(gong)元(yuan)1539年),又修建(jian)(jian)了(le)兩(liang)個重門(men)(men)(men)。萬(wan)九(jiu)年(公(gong)元(yuan)1601年)又作(zuo)了(le)大(da)規模(mo)的(de)重修,給這些建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物命(ming)了(le)名(ming):東(dong)(dong)(dong)門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)叫(jiao)“迎(ying)恩”,東(dong)(dong)(dong)甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)叫(jiao)“占紫處(chu)(chu)”,東(dong)(dong)(dong)郭門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)叫(jiao)“天險”;西(xi)門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)仍(reng)沿用“懷遠(yuan)”,西(xi)甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)叫(jiao)“大(da)觀亭”,西(xi)郭門(men)(men)(men)叫(jiao)“地維(wei)”;上南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)門(men)(men)(men)叫(jiao)“凌云”,下南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)門(men)(men)(men)叫(jiao)“迎(ying)熏”;大(da)北(bei)門(men)(men)(men)叫(jiao)“吸洪(hong)”,小北(bei)門(men)(men)(men)叫(jiao)“俯晉”,北(bei)水(shui)關(guan)樓(lou)叫(jiao)“鎮河”。取名(ming)古雅,寓意深(shen)長。
清朝二百(bai)多年(nian),仍在明(ming)代潼(tong)(tong)關(guan)城(cheng)地(di)設(she)防,城(cheng)池規(gui)模(mo)一依明(ming)朝,但(dan)進行了多次(ci)復修(xiu),并有(you)(you)所(suo)新建(jian)。乾隆五(wu)十三(san)(san)年(nian)(公元1788年(nian)),約下(xia)臨黃河的(de)(de)(de)北(bei)面(mian)土(tu)城(cheng)墻(qiang)約2400多米(mi)砌了磚,并興建(jian)了南(nan)(nan)、北(bei)水(shui)(shui)關(guan)樓(lou)(lou),復修(xiu)了各大建(jian)筑物。依然有(you)(you)六個城(cheng)門。東(dong)、西(xi)(xi)門的(de)(de)(de)樓(lou)(lou)名(ming)仍沿(yan)其舊。東(dong)門有(you)(you)正(zheng)樓(lou)(lou)五(wu)間(jian),箭樓(lou)(lou)三(san)(san)間(jian),西(xi)(xi)門有(you)(you)正(zheng)樓(lou)(lou)、箭樓(lou)(lou)各七(qi)間(jian)。大北(bei)門改(gai)名(ming)“鎮河”,小北(bei)門改(gai)名(ming)“拱級(ji)”,下(xia)南(nan)(nan)門改(gai)名(ming)“鳳”,上南(nan)(nan)門改(gai)名(ming)“麟游”。南(nan)(nan)水(shui)(shui)關(guan)有(you)(you)閘(zha)樓(lou)(lou)七(qi)間(jian),北(bei)水(shui)(shui)關(guan)有(you)(you)閘(zha)樓(lou)(lou)九(jiu)間(jian),規(gui)模(mo)宏大,映照山川,潼(tong)(tong)水(shui)(shui)穿而(er)而(er)過(guo),中經橫跨東(dong)西(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)橋,宛如長虹,復波往(wang)來,引人(ren)入勝(sheng)。后來又(you)給東(dong)、西(xi)(xi)兩面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)土(tu)城(cheng)墻(qiang)俱砌了磚,雄偉可(ke)觀(guan)。
明清的(de)(de)潼關城(cheng)池,除城(cheng)墻上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)宏大(da)(da)建筑而(er)外,在(zai)關城(cheng)內(nei)外,山上(shang)(shang)山下(xia),還建有30多(duo)外庵(an)堂寺為廟(miao)以(yi)及木石(shi)牌(pai)坊,這(zhe)些(xie)古建筑物,雕梁畫棟(dong),飛檐疊嶂,,古色古香,構筑精美。到了(le)清代(dai),潼關城(cheng)內(nei)的(de)(de)街道主要有育賢(xian)街、帥府(fu)街、四(si)牌(pai)坊街、牌(pai)樓(lou)南(nan)街、牌(pai)樓(lou)北街、府(fu)部街、縣門通(tong)街、下(xia)南(nan)門街和西關大(da)(da)街等(deng),縱(zong)橫排列,50多(duo)條(tiao)巷道,起(qi)伏密布。在(zai)這(zhe)座不(bu)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)城(cheng)池內(nei),有如(ru)此這(zhe)多(duo)的(de)(de)街、巷和古代(dai)建筑,其繁(fan)華程度是可以(yi)想見的(de)(de)。