發展歷史
隋(sui)大業七年(nian)(公(gong)元611年(nian)),東漢的潼關(guan),遷于南(nan)北連(lian)城關(guan)間的坑(keng)獸(shou)檻谷(gu)(今港口(kou)(kou)鎮禁溝口(kou)(kou)附(fu)近)。隋(sui)亡后(hou),唐(tang)朝仍(reng)在(zai)此設防約八(ba)十年(nian)。 唐(tang)天授二年(nian)(公(gong)元691年(nian)),再資助遷關(guan),移(yi)近黃河(即今港口(kou)(kou)鎮的舊城址),建有關(guan)樓,城外(wai)開挖(wa)塹(qian)溝。
明代,潼關(guan)為軍事治(zhi)所,設(she)潼關(guan)衛,城池(chi)空前擴大(da)(da)(da)。洪(hong)武九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1376年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))對(dui)前朝關(guan)城向南(nan)(nan)、向西(xi)(xi)(xi)作了(le)大(da)(da)(da)規(gui)模的擴建(jian)。東(dong)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)、北(bei)三面由板(ban)筑而成(cheng),城高 約16米,南(nan)(nan)與東(dong)南(nan)(nan)一隅,是順山勢(shi)之高下,削成(cheng)垛口(kou),高達30多米,城池(chi)周長11.2公(gong)里。這(zhe)(zhe)就把麒(qi)麟山、鳳凰山、象山、印臺山、筆(bi)架山等囊括(kuo)于城中(zhong)。建(jian)有六處(chu)城門(men)(men)(men)(men):東(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)名“金陡”;西(xi)(xi)(xi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)名“懷(huai)遠”;南(nan)(nan)有上南(nan)(nan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)、下南(nan)(nan)門(men)(men)(men)(men);北(bei)有大(da)(da)(da)北(bei)門(men)(men)(men)(men)和小北(bei)門(men)(men)(men)(men)。東(dong)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)和大(da)(da)(da)北(bei)門(men)(men)(men)(men)建(jian)有高大(da)(da)(da)城樓(lou)。建(jian)文二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1400年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))及宣德年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1512年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))給水(shui)關(guan)建(jian)了(le)樓(lou)。嘉靖十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1539年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),又修(xiu)建(jian)了(le)兩個重門(men)(men)(men)(men)。萬九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1601年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))又作了(le)大(da)(da)(da)規(gui)模的重修(xiu),給這(zhe)(zhe)些建(jian)筑物命(ming)了(le)名:東(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)叫(jiao)(jiao)“迎恩”,東(dong)甕城叫(jiao)(jiao)“占紫處(chu)”,東(dong)郭門(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)叫(jiao)(jiao)“天險”;西(xi)(xi)(xi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)仍沿用“懷(huai)遠”,西(xi)(xi)(xi)甕城樓(lou)叫(jiao)(jiao)“大(da)(da)(da)觀(guan)亭”,西(xi)(xi)(xi)郭門(men)(men)(men)(men)叫(jiao)(jiao)“地(di)維”;上南(nan)(nan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)叫(jiao)(jiao)“凌云”,下南(nan)(nan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)叫(jiao)(jiao)“迎熏(xun)”;大(da)(da)(da)北(bei)門(men)(men)(men)(men)叫(jiao)(jiao)“吸(xi)洪(hong)”,小北(bei)門(men)(men)(men)(men)叫(jiao)(jiao)“俯晉”,北(bei)水(shui)關(guan)樓(lou)叫(jiao)(jiao)“鎮(zhen)河(he)”。取名古雅,寓意深長。
清朝(chao)二百多年,仍(reng)在明(ming)代潼(tong)關(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)地設防,城(cheng)(cheng)池(chi)規模一依明(ming)朝(chao),但進行了多次復(fu)修(xiu),并有(you)所新建。乾隆(long)五十三年(公元1788年),約下(xia)臨黃(huang)河(he)的(de)北(bei)面(mian)土(tu)城(cheng)(cheng)墻約2400多米砌(qi)了磚,并興建了南(nan)、北(bei)水關(guan)(guan)樓(lou),復(fu)修(xiu)了各大建筑物(wu)。依然有(you)六個城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)。東(dong)、西(xi)(xi)門(men)的(de)樓(lou)名(ming)(ming)仍(reng)沿其舊。東(dong)門(men)有(you)正樓(lou)五間(jian)(jian),箭樓(lou)三間(jian)(jian),西(xi)(xi)門(men)有(you)正樓(lou)、箭樓(lou)各七(qi)間(jian)(jian)。大北(bei)門(men)改(gai)(gai)名(ming)(ming)“鎮河(he)”,小北(bei)門(men)改(gai)(gai)名(ming)(ming)“拱級(ji)”,下(xia)南(nan)門(men)改(gai)(gai)名(ming)(ming)“鳳”,上南(nan)門(men)改(gai)(gai)名(ming)(ming)“麟游”。南(nan)水關(guan)(guan)有(you)閘樓(lou)七(qi)間(jian)(jian),北(bei)水關(guan)(guan)有(you)閘樓(lou)九(jiu)間(jian)(jian),規模宏大,映照山(shan)川,潼(tong)水穿而而過(guo),中經(jing)橫跨(kua)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)的(de)石(shi)橋,宛如長虹,復(fu)波往(wang)來,引人入勝。后來又(you)給東(dong)、西(xi)(xi)兩(liang)面(mian)的(de)土(tu)城(cheng)(cheng)墻俱砌(qi)了磚,雄(xiong)偉可觀(guan)。
明(ming)清的潼關城(cheng)(cheng)池(chi),除(chu)城(cheng)(cheng)墻上的宏大建(jian)(jian)筑而外,在(zai)(zai)關城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)外,山上山下,還建(jian)(jian)有30多(duo)外庵堂寺為廟(miao)以(yi)及木石(shi)牌(pai)(pai)坊,這些古(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu),雕(diao)梁(liang)畫棟,飛檐疊嶂,,古(gu)色古(gu)香,構(gou)筑精美。到(dao)了清代,潼關城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)的街(jie)道(dao)(dao)主(zhu)要有育賢街(jie)、帥府(fu)街(jie)、四牌(pai)(pai)坊街(jie)、牌(pai)(pai)樓南街(jie)、牌(pai)(pai)樓北街(jie)、府(fu)部(bu)街(jie)、縣門(men)通街(jie)、下南門(men)街(jie)和西關大街(jie)等,縱橫排(pai)列,50多(duo)條巷道(dao)(dao),起(qi)伏密(mi)布(bu)。在(zai)(zai)這座(zuo)不大的城(cheng)(cheng)池(chi)內(nei),有如此這多(duo)的街(jie)、巷和古(gu)代建(jian)(jian)筑,其(qi)繁(fan)華程度是(shi)可以(yi)想見的。