遺址概況
府(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位于(yu)河南(nan)省焦作市(shi)西(xi)南(nan)郊10公里處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)府(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村西(xi)北部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)臺地(di)上,東西(xi)走(zou)向長(chang)約(yue)280米(mi),南(nan)北走(zou)向長(chang)約(yue)300米(mi),面(mian)積近10萬(wan)平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)。是(shi)一(yi)處(chu)底蘊豐厚、內涵豐富(fu)、集(ji)多個(ge)歷史時期的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 該(gai)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)是(shi)早(zao)(zao)商文(wen)(wen)(wen)化遺(yi)存,分(fen)布于(yu)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)中部(bu)(bu),目前(qian)已經發(fa)現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)遺(yi)跡有城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、宮(gong)殿(dian)基址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、房基、灰坑等。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)平(ping)面(mian)成(cheng)方(fang)形,周(zhou)長(chang)約(yue)1200米(mi),西(xi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻和北城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻保存較(jiao)好,長(chang)度約(yue)為(wei)300米(mi),地(di)面(mian)暴(bao)露的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)高為(wei)2-3米(mi),分(fen)層明顯。在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中部(bu)(bu)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)4處(chu)宮(gong)殿(dian)基址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其中一(yi)號宮(gong)殿(dian)基址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位于(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)北部(bu)(bu),平(ping)面(mian)為(wei)長(chang)方(fang)形,南(nan)北長(chang)70米(mi),東西(xi)寬50米(mi),分(fen)為(wei)南(nan)北兩個(ge)院落,由南(nan)殿(dian)、正(zheng)殿(dian)、北殿(dian)與東回廊、西(xi)回廊構(gou)(gou)成(cheng)一(yi)個(ge)封閉(bi)性的(de)(de)(de)組群建(jian)筑,這(zhe)種建(jian)筑結構(gou)(gou)在商代考(kao)古(gu)(gu)中發(fa)現(xian)(xian)。經考(kao)證,府(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)一(yi)處(chu)商代早(zao)(zao)期軍事(shi)重鎮(zhen)。府(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)商代早(zao)(zao)期城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)河南(nan)繼鄭州商城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和偃師商城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之后(hou)又一(yi)重要(yao)發(fa)現(xian)(xian),對研(yan)究夏商周(zhou)斷(duan)代以(yi)及夏商周(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)政治、經濟(ji)、軍事(shi)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)化等具有重要(yao)價值。1999年被《中國文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)報》評為(wei)全國十(shi)大(da)考(kao)古(gu)(gu)新發(fa)現(xian)(xian)之一(yi)。2001年6月(yue),府(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被國務(wu)院公布為(wei)第五批全國重點(dian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)保護單位。
遺址保護
府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)城(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)的(de)保(bao)護工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)應在如下幾個方(fang)面(mian)抓(zhua)緊進(jin)行(xing):(1)成立由市政府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)主(zhu)(zhu)要領(ling)導(dao)牽頭,建設(she)(she)、規劃(hua)(hua)、文化(hua)(文物(wu))、公(gong)安、土地、環(huan)保(bao)、工(gong)(gong)商(shang)、交(jiao)通、水利、旅游、園(yuan)林以(yi)及(ji)當地區(qu)(qu)、鄉政府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、所(suo)(suo)在村(cun)(cun)等部門(men)主(zhu)(zhu)要領(ling)導(dao)參加(jia)的(de)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)城(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)規劃(hua)(hua)、保(bao)護利用領(ling)導(dao)小(xiao)組(zu),協調解決(jue)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)城(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)保(bao)護管(guan)理中(zhong)的(de)重(zhong)大問(wen)題。(2)設(she)(she)立焦(jiao)(jiao)作(zuo)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)城(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)文物(wu)保(bao)管(guan)所(suo)(suo),具體負責(ze)城(cheng)址(zhi)的(de)保(bao)護、管(guan)理、維(wei)修、綠化(hua)、宣(xuan)傳等項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo),防(fang)止新(xin)(xin)的(de)破壞事件發(fa)生。(3)按照省(sheng)政府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)1989年12月(yue)公(gong)布(bu)(bu)的(de)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)城(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)保(bao)護范圍(wei),立即在城(cheng)址(zhi)重(zhong)點保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)、一般保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)重(zhong)新(xin)(xin)樹立標志牌和(he)埋設(she)(she)界樁。(4)責(ze)成遺(yi)址(zhi)所(suo)(suo)在地朱村(cun)(cun)鄉政府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)和(he)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)城(cheng)、啟心村(cun)(cun)委領(ling)導(dao)充實基層(ceng)保(bao)護組(zu)織(zhi),并(bing)采取有(you)力措(cuo)施,嚴禁(jin)農(nong)民(min)在城(cheng)墻上及(ji)兩側種田(tian)、開(kai)荒(huang)、取土、挖沙,嚴禁(jin)在保(bao)護范圍(wei)內建筑(zhu)(zhu)、筑(zhu)(zhu)墳、打井、深(shen)翻土地。文物(wu)主(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)部門(men)負責(ze)對此情況(kuang)進(jin)行(xing)檢(jian)查和(he)指導(dao),及(ji)時解決(jue)問(wen)題。(5)對城(cheng)址(zhi)內外(wai)進(jin)行(xing)考古鉆(zhan)探(tan),搞清宗廟(miao)、街道、作(zuo)坊、墓地等總體布(bu)(bu)局(ju)。(6)制定《焦(jiao)(jiao)作(zuo)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)城(cheng)早(zao)商(shang)城(cheng)址(zhi)保(bao)護管(guan)理辦法(fa)》并(bing)由焦(jiao)(jiao)作(zuo)市人民(min)政府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)加(jia)以(yi)公(gong)布(bu)(bu)實施,使(shi)該遺(yi)址(zhi)保(bao)護法(fa)制化(hua)。