芒果视频

簡介

建于(yu)南宋(song)末年(nian)(nian)，清(qing)末重修。大(da)門門額題“西(xi)(xi)域先(xian)賢(xian)普(pu)哈丁(ding)(ding)之墓”。據傳(chuan)，普(pu)哈丁(ding)(ding)系(xi)伊(yi)斯蘭教先(xian)知穆(mu)罕默德(de)女婿阿里支系(xi)第16世裔孫。南宋(song)咸淳年(nian)(nian)間(jian)(1265～1274)來揚(yang)州傳(chuan)教，德(de)祜元年(nian)(nian)(1275)7月20日病(bing)逝于(yu)由天津南下的(de)舟中(zhong)。遵其囑葬于(yu)揚(yang)州城(cheng)東古運河畔高(gao)崗。內部建筑分寺(si)院、墓域兩部分，寺(si)院包括禮拜堂和(he)水房。墓域葬有(you)普(pu)哈丁(ding)(ding)、法(fa)納(na)兩墓亭及其他多(duo)人墳(fen)墓，墓碑上刻(ke)文(wen)：“宋(song)德(de)祐元年(nian)(nian)西(xi)(xi)域至圣一十六世后裔大(da)先(xian)賢(xian)補哈丁(ding)(ding)；宋(song)景(jing)炎三(san)年(nian)(nian)西(xi)(xi)域先(xian)賢(xian)撒(sa)敢(gan)達，明成化元年(nian)(nian)西(xi)(xi)域大(da)賢(xian)馬哈謨德(de)，明成化五(wu)年(nian)(nian)西(xi)(xi)域先(xian)賢(xian)賈(jia)瑪魯丁(ding)(ding)，明弘(hong)治(zhi)十一年(nian)(nian)先(xian)賢(xian)法(fa)納(na)。”另有(you)明代(dai)穆(mu)斯林的(de)墓塔與(yu)墳(fen)墓。

建筑特色

普(pu)哈丁墓(mu)為(wei)阿(a)(a)拉伯式(shi)(shi)建筑，其平面(mian)(mian)呈方形(xing)，面(mian)(mian)積(ji)約14平方米(mi)，亭(ting)高3．5米(mi)。內部為(wei)圓(yuan)拱頂(ding)，外(wai)部為(wei)四(si)角攢頂(ding)式(shi)(shi)筒瓦頂(ding)。四(si)面(mian)(mian)磚墻每面(mian)(mian)各有(you)(you)一(yi)拱門，墓(mu)在墓(mu)亭(ting)中央(yang)，上有(you)(you)五級矩形(xing)青石墓(mu)頂(ding)，四(si)周刻有(you)(you)《古蘭經》銘文。墓(mu)院入口通道內，立有(you)(you)光緒三十四(si)年(1908)普(pu)哈丁傳記的石碑《先(xian)賢歷史記略碑》。在墓(mu)域中，有(you)(you)一(yi)堵(du)大封頂(ding)式(shi)(shi)的矮墻上鑲(xiang)嵌有(you)(you)四(si)通元代(dai)阿(a)(a)拉伯人的墓(mu)碑。系1927年拆除揚州南(nan)門外(wai)擋馬樓時(shi)掘出，后移至此處。

歷史來源

普(pu)哈(ha)(ha)丁(ding)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)園(yuan)，俗名(ming)回回堂，位于揚州(zhou)市區解放(fang)橋南堍、古運河東(dong)(dong)(dong)岸崗上。普(pu)哈(ha)(ha)丁(ding)，相傳為(wei)穆(mu)罕默德(de)圣人第十六世裔孫，南宋(song)咸淳(chun)年間（1265－1274年）來揚州(zhou)傳教，此墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)園(yuan)原是(shi)專為(wei)安葬普(pu)哈(ha)(ha)丁(ding)的(de)(de)(de)，后又陸續安葬了(le)一些阿拉(la)伯(bo)人。是(shi)一座(zuo)典型的(de)(de)(de)阿拉(la)伯(bo)式(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)，初建(jian)(jian)(jian)于公元十三世紀的(de)(de)(de)我(wo)國南宋(song)時期(qi)，明(ming)永樂皇帝視墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)園(yuan)為(wei)國寶，下詔予以(yi)保護。清政(zheng)府也對墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)亭(ting)進行(xing)了(le)多次修建(jian)(jian)(jian)，亭(ting)壁上還嵌有光緒三十四(si)年重(zhong)修墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)園(yuan)時建(jian)(jian)(jian)立的(de)(de)(de)"先賢歷史記略碑"，碑文用(yong)漢(han)字刻定，簡(jian)要(yao)記敘了(le)普(pu)哈(ha)(ha)丁(ding)在(zai)我(wo)國傳教的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)園(yuan)坐(zuo)東(dong)(dong)(dong)朝西，墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)亭(ting)為(wei)阿拉(la)伯(bo)制式(shi)。正門(men)臨河，門(men)額刻石(shi)(shi)為(wei)"西域先賢普(pu)哈(ha)(ha)丁(ding)之墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)"下署"乾隆丙辰重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)"。門(men)廳3楹(ying)南側，為(wei)清真寺，面(mian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)南楹(ying)。沿石(shi)(shi)階抵"天方(fang)矩矱"墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)域門(men)廳，廳3楹(ying)為(wei)四(si)角攢尖(jian)(jian)頂(ding)。庭院中(zhong)(zhong)，有北(bei)軒(xuan)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)軒(xuan)各3楹(ying)。北(bei)軒(xuan)附近建(jian)(jian)(jian)南北(bei)相對墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)亭(ting)兩座(zuo)。亭(ting)后即普(pu)哈(ha)(ha)丁(ding)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)亭(ting)。亭(ting)平(ping)面(mian)呈(cheng)方(fang)形(xing)，四(si)壁設(she)拱門(men)，四(si)角攢尖(jian)(jian)板瓦頂(ding)，內層呈(cheng)拱球頂(ding)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬于亭(ting)中(zhong)(zhong)央地(di)下，地(di)面(mian)用(yong)青石(shi)(shi)砌成五級矩形(xing)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)塔(ta)。

墓(mu)(mu)亭東(dong)北植有700多年(nian)樹齡的(de)(de)銀杏1株，老(lao)干虬(qiu)枝，姿態奇(qi)特。整個墓(mu)(mu)園(yuan)建筑分(fen)(fen)三部(bu)分(fen)(fen)。第一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)為墓(mu)(mu)域，內(nei)有普哈丁墓(mu)(mu)及其他阿拉伯(bo)人的(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)碑(bei)；第二部(bu)分(fen)(fen)為清真(zhen)寺，是教(jiao)徒們做禮拜的(de)(de)活動場所；第三部(bu)分(fen)(fen)為東(dong)郊公園(yuan)。此外墓(mu)(mu)園(yuan)里(li)還集中保存了一(yi)些我國(guo)元代遺留(liu)下來的(de)(de)阿拉伯(bo)文墓(mu)(mu)碑(bei)。