外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)全長(chang)1941米(mi)(mi)(mi),除西(xi)(xi)北部部分(fen)損(sun)毀外(wai),大部保存完好(hao)。 內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)呈方(fang)形,處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(nei)北側(ce)(ce)(ce),全長(chang)861米(mi)(mi)(mi),面(mian)(mian)積(ji)4.3萬平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)現存7處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)豁(huo)口(kou),西(xi)(xi)北角、南正中及北上(shang)(shang)(shang)中3處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)豁(huo)口(kou)可以(yi)肯定為(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)。內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)東、西(xi)(xi)北、南面(mian)(mian)3處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)豁(huo)口(kou),均可確定為(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)。西(xi)(xi)北角城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)寬(kuan)(kuan)35米(mi)(mi)(mi),其(qi)底基(ji)距贛江(jiang)水(shui)面(mian)(mian)落差僅2米(mi)(mi)(mi),贛水(shui)上(shang)(shang)(shang)漲時,河(he)(he)水(shui)可直接(jie)入城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(nei),推測可能為(wei)水(shui)門(men)(men)。西(xi)(xi)正中門(men)(men)寬(kuan)(kuan)28米(mi)(mi)(mi),為(wei)“凸”形結(jie)構(gou),從其(qi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)殘存疊壓瓦片分(fen)析,此處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)原可能為(wei)一處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)門(men)(men)闕。北正中城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)寬(kuan)(kuan)15米(mi)(mi)(mi),入門(men)(men)較陡,可分(fen)別進入內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)(xi)北門(men)(men)為(wei)“凹”形結(jie)構(gou),似為(wei)“甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”,也有(you)大量瓦礫堆積(ji)。 內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南門(men)(men)寬(kuan)(kuan)17.4米(mi)(mi)(mi),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)兩側(ce)(ce)(ce)見大量瓦礫堆積(ji),并采集到一塊完整四(si)葉(xie)云紋瓦當。 內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)(xi)南角有(you)一長(chang)方(fang)形土(tu)(tu)臺,為(wei)全城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)地(di)(di)(di)帶,東西(xi)(xi)長(chang)47米(mi)(mi)(mi),南北寬(kuan)(kuan)35米(mi)(mi)(mi),面(mian)(mian)積(ji)1645平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)(gao)(gao)出(chu)周圍(wei)平(ping)(ping)地(di)(di)(di)0.8米(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)(gao)(gao)出(chu)內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)其(qi)它(ta)地(di)(di)(di)帶約2米(mi)(mi)(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)為(wei)土(tu)(tu)筑,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)度因地(di)(di)(di)勢的南高(gao)(gao)(gao)北低而相反,以(yi)使城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)四(si)周基(ji)本處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)于同一水(shui)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。南城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)距地(di)(di)(di)表4.5米(mi)(mi)(mi),東城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)10.2米(mi)(mi)(mi),北城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)20.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)頂寬(kuan)(kuan)2—3米(mi)(mi)(mi),基(ji)寬(kuan)(kuan)20—28米(mi)(mi)(mi)。以(yi)北城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)寬(kuan)(kuan)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)有(you)護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)(he), 以(yi)南城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)及南側(ce)(ce)(ce)斷面(mian)(mian)可知,南側(ce)(ce)(ce)護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)(he)寬(kuan)(kuan)16.5米(mi)(mi)(mi),深1.5米(mi)(mi)(mi),東西(xi)(xi)兩側(ce)(ce)(ce)護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)(he)寬(kuan)(kuan)30米(mi)(mi)(mi),護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)(he)由南往北流入贛江(jiang)。
白口城(cheng)址于1980年(nian)代文(wen)物普查時(shi)發現,2001年(nian)9月(yue)到10月(yue)江西(xi)省文(wen)物考(kao)古研究所和泰和縣博物館(guan)一(yi)起進行了試掘(jue),2004年(nian)12月(yue)正式發掘(jue)。考(kao)古發現,該城(cheng)始筑于西(xi)漢(han),延用至東晉(jin)末(mo)年(nian)前后。
白口城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)總面積達23萬平(ping)方米,形(xing)狀(zhuang)呈倒(dao)梯(ti)形(xing),分(fen)為內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)長1941米,大部分(fen)保存完(wan)好。內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)呈方形(xing),位(wei)于(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(nei)北(bei)側,長861米,面積4.3萬平(ping)方米。現發(fa)現城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)10處(chu),其中內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西北(bei)門(men)為“凹”形(xing)結(jie)構(gou)(gou),似為“甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)” 。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻為土筑(zhu),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外有護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河,由南往北(bei)流入贛江。航空(kong)遙感拍攝(she)的照片(pian)顯示,白口城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)保存較為完(wan)好,古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的布(bu)局、結(jie)構(gou)(gou)非常清晰。
據《南(nan)史》、《陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)書》等記(ji)載(zai),南(nan)朝(chao)梁侯景(jing)之亂時(shi)(shi),大寶元年(nian)(nian)(550年(nian)(nian)),陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)霸(ba)先(xian)自嶺南(nan)引軍(jun)討伐(fa)侯景(jing),坐鎮南(nan)康(kang)。高州(zhou)刺(ci)史李遷(qian)仕(shi)在(zai)寧都人劉(liu)藹等資助下(xia),順贛江(jiang)而下(xia),進擊陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)霸(ba)先(xian)。陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)霸(ba)先(xian)派遣(qian)杜(du)僧(seng)明據白口城(cheng)加固城(cheng)墻抵(di)御,李遷(qian)仕(shi)則于其東面(mian)筑古(gu)城(cheng)相對。次年(nian)(nian),杜(du)僧(seng)明攻破古(gu)城(cheng),俘虜李遷(qian)仕(shi),送往南(nan)康(kang)斬首。是(shi)年(nian)(nian)六月,陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)霸(ba)先(xian)進軍(jun)西昌,駐白口城(cheng),當時(shi)(shi)“有(you)龍見于水濱,高五丈(zhang)許,五采鮮耀,軍(jun)民觀者(zhe)數萬人”,陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)霸(ba)先(xian)一時(shi)(shi)威(wei)望(wang)大振(zhen),數年(nian)(nian)后代(dai)梁稱帝建(jian)立了(le)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)朝(chao)。
泰(tai)(tai)和(he)縣(xian)(xian)博(bo)物(wu)館(guan)館(guan)長肖用桁(heng)(heng)介紹,因“地(di)產嘉禾,和(he)氣所(suo)生”而得名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)泰(tai)(tai)和(he),歷(li)屬吳越,西(xi)漢(han)(han)為古(gu)廬(lu)陵(ling)縣(xian)(xian)地(di),為著(zhu)名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)“西(xi)漢(han)(han)十(shi)八縣(xian)(xian)”之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。東漢(han)(han)為西(xi)昌(chang)縣(xian)(xian),為廬(lu)陵(ling)郡治(zhi)(zhi),歷(li)來就是(shi)(shi)江西(xi)一(yi)(yi)方(fang)政治(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin),尤其是(shi)(shi)漢(han)(han)晉(jin)以來的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)積淀,形成了(le)(le)(le)代表贛文(wen)化(hua)(hua)風貌的(de)(de)(de)基本文(wen)化(hua)(hua)因子。泰(tai)(tai)和(he)地(di)處水陸要沖,其“咽(yan)喉荊(jing)廣、唇齒淮(huai)浙”由來已久。昔秦皇(huang)漢(han)(han)武(wu)的(de)(de)(de)兩次征伐嶺南(nan)(南(nan)越),數十(shi)萬浩浩大軍均(jun)由此經過。公(gong)元550年(nian),南(nan)朝陳霸先從始興發(fa)兵(bing)護(hu)主,正是(shi)(shi)經過泰(tai)(tai)和(he),并在白(bai)(bai)(bai)口(kou)(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)屯兵(bing)激戰,之(zhi)后揮師(shi)北(bei)上(shang)建立了(le)(le)(le)不朽的(de)(de)(de)帝業。 雖然(ran)(ran)(ran)《泰(tai)(tai)和(he)縣(xian)(xian)志》和(he)《吉安府(fu)志》對白(bai)(bai)(bai)口(kou)(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)均(jun)有記載,但是(shi)(shi)這(zhe)座千年(nian)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)直養(yang)在深(shen)閨人未知(zhi),并沒(mei)有深(shen)究其真(zhen)正蘊孕的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)價值。但是(shi)(shi),一(yi)(yi)次偶然(ran)(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)會,卻(que)使白(bai)(bai)(bai)口(kou)(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)重放異彩,令世人矚(zhu)目。2001年(nian)8月,修建贛粵高速公(gong)路(lu)吉安段時(shi)(shi),時(shi)(shi)任江西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)考(kao)古(gu)研究所(suo)副(fu)所(suo)長、現任江西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)博(bo)物(wu)館(guan)副(fu)館(guan)長的(de)(de)(de)劉詩(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)帶隊(dui)來到(dao)泰(tai)(tai)和(he)縣(xian)(xian)境內高速公(gong)路(lu)沿(yan)線進行文(wen)物(wu)勘查(cha)(cha),當時(shi)(shi)只是(shi)(shi)看(kan)(kan)了(le)(le)(le)沿(yan)線馬(ma)市鎮的(de)(de)(de)先烈古(gu)樟和(he)幾個古(gu)墓。在返回(hui)泰(tai)(tai)和(he)縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)時(shi)(shi),陪同勘查(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)(de)肖用桁(heng)(heng)想:省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)里(li)專家(jia)來一(yi)(yi)趟也不容(rong)易(yi),何不建議他(ta)們(men)到(dao)離縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)僅3公(gong)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)白(bai)(bai)(bai)口(kou)(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)遺址看(kan)(kan)看(kan)(kan),聽(ting)聽(ting)他(ta)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)意見。因白(bai)(bai)(bai)口(kou)(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)不在高速公(gong)路(lu)旁,非此次勘查(cha)(cha)范圍(wei),加(jia)上(shang)其僅是(shi)(shi)縣(xian)(xian)級文(wen)物(wu)保護(hu)單位,并未引(yin)起人們(men)關(guan)注。當車拐上(shang)往白(bai)(bai)(bai)口(kou)(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)路(lu)時(shi)(shi),有人說:“到(dao)那地(di)方(fang)去干(gan)什么(me),無東西(xi)可(ke)看(kan)(kan)。”然(ran)(ran)(ran)而,當劉詩(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)(yi)走上(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)頭時(shi)(shi),他(ta)就情不自禁地(di)贊(zan)嘆:“真(zhen)是(shi)(shi)國寶,很有價值!” 回(hui)憶起當時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)情景,肖用桁(heng)(heng)仍然(ran)(ran)(ran)很興奮,他(ta)說,省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)專家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)次“造訪”,使泰(tai)(tai)和(he)縣(xian)(xian)文(wen)物(wu)工作(zuo)者感到(dao)振(zhen)奮。隨后,他(ta)們(men)趕(gan)往南(nan)昌(chang),向省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)廳、省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)文(wen)物(wu)局、省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)文(wen)物(wu)考(kao)古(gu)研究所(suo)作(zuo)了(le)(le)(le)有關(guan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)口(kou)(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)遺址情況(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)詳(xiang)細(xi)匯報,并請(qing)求進行考(kao)古(gu)發(fa)掘。
肖(xiao)用(yong)(yong)桁館長(chang)(chang)告訴記(ji)者,2001年(nian)9月至(zhi)10月和(he)(he)2004年(nian)12月至(zhi)2005年(nian)1月,江(jiang)西(xi)(xi)省文物(wu)考古(gu)研究所(suo)副所(suo)長(chang)(chang)徐長(chang)(chang)青率領的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)考古(gu)小組在(zai)泰和(he)(he)縣博物(wu)館的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配合下(xia),對白口(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)進(jin)(jin)行了(le)考古(gu)勘(kan)探,分(fen)別進(jin)(jin)行了(le)試掘(jue)(jue)和(he)(he)正(zheng)(zheng)式(shi)發(fa)掘(jue)(jue)。考古(gu)勘(kan)探以(yi)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)向直線布點鉆探,共布直線9條,遍布城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)地(di)區。從(cong)勘(kan)查和(he)(he)發(fa)掘(jue)(jue)得知(zhi),外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻全長(chang)(chang)1941米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),除北(bei)側部分(fen)損毀外(wai)(wai),大(da)都(dou)保存(cun)完(wan)好(hao)。內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)呈方形,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻全長(chang)(chang)861米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),面(mian)積4﹒3萬平方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),文化堆(dui)積普遍達(da)1﹒8至(zhi)2﹒2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。 外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)現(xian)(xian)存(cun)7處(chu)(chu)(chu)豁(huo)口(kou),西(xi)(xi)北(bei)角、南(nan)正(zheng)(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)及北(bei)正(zheng)(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)3處(chu)(chu)(chu)豁(huo)口(kou)均可(ke)定(ding)為(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)。外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)角城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)寬(kuan)35米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),其(qi)底基(ji)(ji)距現(xian)(xian)贛(gan)江(jiang)水(shui)面(mian)落差僅(jin)2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),贛(gan)江(jiang)水(shui)上漲時(shi)(shi),河(he)(he)水(shui)可(ke)直接入城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei),推(tui)測為(wei)水(shui)門(men)(men)。南(nan)正(zheng)(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)門(men)(men)寬(kuan)28米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),為(wei)“凸”形結(jie)構,從(cong)其(qi)上殘(can)存(cun)疊(die)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)片分(fen)析,該(gai)處(chu)(chu)(chu)原(yuan)可(ke)能為(wei)一(yi)(yi)門(men)(men)闕。北(bei)正(zheng)(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)寬(kuan)15米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),入門(men)(men)較(jiao)陡,可(ke)分(fen)別進(jin)(jin)入內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)(he)外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。 城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻為(wei)土(tu)(tu)筑,高(gao)度(du)因地(di)勢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)南(nan)高(gao)北(bei)低而相反,從(cong)而使城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻四周基(ji)(ji)本處(chu)(chu)(chu)于(yu)同(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)水(shui)平面(mian)上。南(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻高(gao)4﹒5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻高(gao)10﹒2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),北(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻則高(gao)達(da)20﹒5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻頂(ding)寬(kuan)2-3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),基(ji)(ji)寬(kuan)20-28米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),以(yi)北(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻基(ji)(ji)寬(kuan)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)(wai)有(you)(you)(you)護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)(he),南(nan)側護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)(he)寬(kuan)16﹒5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深1﹒5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩(liang)側護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)(he)寬(kuan)逾30米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)(he)由(you)南(nan)往北(bei)流入贛(gan)江(jiang)。 發(fa)掘(jue)(jue)中(zhong)(zhong),出(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)了(le)春秋(qiu)戰國時(shi)(shi)漢(han)(han)晉(jin)時(shi)(shi)期珍貴文物(wu)數(shu)百件(jian),有(you)(you)(you)大(da)型建筑材料(liao):長(chang)(chang)達(da)40厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)板(ban)(ban)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、筒瓦(wa)(wa)(wa),一(yi)(yi)批保存(cun)完(wan)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圓形瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)當,其(qi)紋瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)當酷(ku)似秦(qin)咸陽宮出(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)文物(wu),頗具(ju)秦(qin)文化風(feng)格(ge);有(you)(you)(you)青銅兵器:青銅箭鏃(zu);有(you)(you)(you)生產生活(huo)用(yong)(yong)具(ju)、鐵(tie)器、陶紡輪(lun)、陶網墜、陶通風(feng)管(guan),還有(you)(you)(you)大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)渣、銅渣、銅飾件(jian)等(deng)(deng)。同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi),在(zai)白口(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)南(nan)面(mian)和(he)(he)西(xi)(xi)面(mian)還發(fa)現(xian)(xian)“天子堆(dui)”、皇帝地(di)等(deng)(deng)與城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)墓群。 肖(xiao)用(yong)(yong)桁說(shuo),專(zhuan)家們從(cong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻解剖(pou)結(jie)果(guo)表(biao)明白口(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)板(ban)(ban)筑法筑城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),分(fen)層棍棒夯(hang)筑,而層內(nei)出(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)物(wu)均為(wei)漢(han)(han)代(dai)板(ban)(ban)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)殘(can)片,故其(qi)時(shi)(shi)代(dai)應在(zai)漢(han)(han)代(dai),也就是說(shuo)該(gai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)始(shi)筑于(yu)西(xi)(xi)漢(han)(han)初年(nian),使用(yong)(yong)年(nian)代(dai)至(zhi)少延(yan)續(xu)到(dao)東(dong)晉(jin)。
肖用桁告訴記者,吉(ji)安古(gu)稱廬陵,廬陵縣建于(yu)秦末(mo)漢初,治(zhi)所在西(xi)昌(chang)已見于(yu)史載,但城(cheng)址的具體位置一直(zhi)無定論,白口城(cheng)的勘探,確定了白口城(cheng)為廬陵城(cheng)。
肖用桁介紹,秦始皇統(tong)(tong)一六(liu)國推(tui)行郡縣制,分(fen)天(tian)下三十六(liu)郡,其中九(jiu)江郡轄江西(xi)部分(fen)地(di)區。《明一統(tong)(tong)志(zhi)》云:“始皇二十四(si)年王翦滅楚(chu),虜負芻,明年(公元前222年)置(zhi)(zhi)廬陵(ling)、安平(ping)、新淦三縣,屬(shu)九(jiu)江郡。”《泰(tai)和縣志(zhi)》沿(yan)革表:“秦廬陵(ling)縣屬(shu)九(jiu)江郡,唐志(zhi)、舊(jiu)志(zhi)未載縣治(zhi),疑即西(xi)昌。漢高帝(di)二年分(fen)淮南立豫章郡,唐志(zhi)故(gu)縣在今(jin)泰(tai)和縣西(xi)三里。”乾(qian)隆版《吉安府志(zhi)》引《太(tai)平(ping)寰宇記》:“漢高帝(di)五年,以(yi)廬陵(ling)縣屬(shu)豫章郡,故(gu)廬陵(ling)縣在今(jin)泰(tai)和縣西(xi)三里。”以(yi)上史載不但闡明了(le)廬陵(ling)縣的設置(zhi)(zhi)時間(jian),而且指出了(le)其治(zhi)所的位置(zhi)(zhi)。
《晉(jin)書(shu)》地志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)廬(lu)(lu)陵郡(jun)(jun)(jun)條下注(zhu)云:吳置(zhi),其屬(shu)有西(xi)(xi)昌(chang)(chang)、高(gao)昌(chang)(chang)、石陽(yang)(yang)、巴邱、南野、東昌(chang)(chang)、遂興(xing)(xing)(xing)、吉陽(yang)(yang)、興(xing)(xing)(xing)平、陽(yang)(yang)豐十縣(xian)。《宋(song)(song)書(shu)》:領(ling)縣(xian)九(jiu),曰:石陽(yang)(yang),西(xi)(xi)昌(chang)(chang)、東昌(chang)(chang)、吉陽(yang)(yang)、巴邱、興(xing)(xing)(xing)平、陽(yang)(yang)豐、高(gao)昌(chang)(chang)、遂興(xing)(xing)(xing)。《南齊(qi)書(shu)》同(tong),梁、陳(chen)無地志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。又(you)《舊(jiu)唐(tang)書(shu)》地志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)云:廬(lu)(lu)陵漢(han)縣(xian),后改為西(xi)(xi)昌(chang)(chang),舊(jiu)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稱置(zhi)西(xi)(xi)昌(chang)(chang)為郡(jun)(jun)(jun)治(zhi)。從(cong)《晉(jin)書(shu)》與《唐(tang)書(shu)》考歷(li)代史及省府(fu)各志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所載(zai),省、府(fu)、州、縣(xian)皆先附(fu)郭之名。如(ru)《晉(jin)書(shu)》所載(zai)即(ji)以西(xi)(xi)昌(chang)(chang)為首縣(xian),后遷石陽(yang)(yang)為郡(jun)(jun)(jun)治(zhi),《宋(song)(song)書(shu)》所載(zai)即(ji)以石陽(yang)(yang)為首縣(xian),“后漢(han)末(mo)以廬(lu)(lu)陵縣(xian)為郡(jun)(jun)(jun),置(zhi)西(xi)(xi)昌(chang)(chang)縣(xian)為廬(lu)(lu)陵郡(jun)(jun)(jun)治(zhi)”。由此可以認(ren)定當時廬(lu)(lu)陵郡(jun)(jun)(jun)治(zhi)在西(xi)(xi)昌(chang)(chang)。
按(an)《泰和縣(xian)(xian)志》唐乾(qian)元三年(nian)(公元760年(nian)),縣(xian)(xian)治(zhi)由西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)昌故城(cheng)遷至白(bai)(bai)下驛西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),名白(bai)(bai)下城(cheng)(即(ji)大致為今縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)),而(er)之(zhi)前的(de)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)昌故城(cheng)在(zai)(zai)縣(xian)(xian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)三里,即(ji)東起坳街,西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)至街尾,南靠澄江河,北(bei)(bei)至竹筱(xiao)巷。唐朝(chao)前期縣(xian)(xian)治(zhi)在(zai)(zai)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)城(cheng),白(bai)(bai)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)古城(cheng)恰好在(zai)(zai)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)昌城(cheng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)三里,與以上史(shi)籍(ji)相符(fu)。有(you)資(zi)料認為,廬(lu)陵縣(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)今泰和縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)30公里處,肖(xiao)用(yong)(yong)桁稱,這(zhe)種(zhong)認為是不正(zheng)確的(de),因為西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)漢(han)初(chu)豫章郡(現(xian)江西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi))僅有(you)18個(ge)縣(xian)(xian),人口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)不過35﹒2萬人,平均(jun)一個(ge)縣(xian)(xian)只有(you)2萬人。那時(shi)農業耕作剛(gang)脫離“刀耕火種(zhong)”的(de)原始粗放方(fang)式,尚處于(yu)封建社會早(zao)期,生產力不發達,人口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)又稀疏(shu),不可能在(zai)(zai)面(mian)積達23萬平方(fang)米的(de)白(bai)(bai)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)城(cheng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)30公里地(di)(di)同(tong)時(shi)還有(you)一座作為一方(fang)政(zheng)治(zhi)、經濟(ji)、文化中心的(de)城(cheng)池,更何況(kuang)當地(di)(di)文物(wu)工作者多次有(you)針(zhen)對性(xing)的(de)調查,在(zai)(zai)縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)方(fang)向一直未發現(xian)一絲古城(cheng)遺址的(de)蹤跡。而(er)白(bai)(bai)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)城(cheng)始筑于(yu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)漢(han)初(chu)年(nian),沿(yan)用(yong)(yong)到東晉末年(nian)前后(hou),它與古廬(lu)陵縣(xian)(xian)的(de)創(chuang)建至升廬(lu)陵郡后(hou)外遷和西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)昌縣(xian)(xian)的(de)初(chu)建年(nian)代基本相符(fu)。
再者,白口(kou)(kou)(kou)城位于贛江(jiang)邊,處于水陸要沖(chong),區位優(you)勢明(ming)(ming)顯(xian),昔秦(qin)皇漢武的(de)兩次征伐(fa)嶺南,數(shu)十萬浩(hao)浩(hao)大(da)軍均由此經過(guo),上世紀70年(nian)(nian)代,泰和鄰縣遂川(chuan)出土(tu)的(de)一批(pi)秦(qin)代銅制兵器便(bian)是證明(ming)(ming)。從(cong)泰和的(de)行政治(zhi)所(suo)的(de)歷史(shi)變遷來(lai)看,廬陵(ling)(ling)縣始建(jian)于白口(kou)(kou)(kou)城,漢興平元年(nian)(nian)(公元194年(nian)(nian))升遷為(wei)郡(jun)置西(xi)昌(chang)縣時,郡(jun)縣治(zhi)同(tong)在白口(kou)(kou)(kou)城。光緒(xu)版《泰和縣志(zhi)》記載:“西(xi)昌(chang)為(wei)郡(jun)治(zhi)耳。”肯定(ding)了郡(jun)、縣同(tong)一治(zhi)所(suo),與此相符。綜上所(suo)述,即可確定(ding)白口(kou)(kou)(kou)城為(wei)廬陵(ling)(ling)城。
肖用桁說,對(dui)白口城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勘探,其(qi)意(yi)義不(bu)僅僅確定了白口城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為廬(lu)陵城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),從而破解了困擾人們千(qian)百(bai)年來古(gu)稱廬(lu)陵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吉安源頭之(zhi)謎,而且(qie)對(dui)帶(dai)動江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址考古(gu)研(yan)究(jiu)和(he)對(dui)于地(di)域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、歷史(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)古(gu)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)研(yan)究(jiu)都(dou)具(ju)有顯著的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)值(zhi)。徐長青(qing)等專家曾(ceng)撰文(wen)(wen)認為,20世紀80年代(dai)文(wen)(wen)物普查(cha)時,僅發現柴桑、梟阝陽、南(nan)(nan)(nan)野等城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址遺(yi)(yi)物較豐(feng)(feng)富。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)柴桑城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)僅有記(ji)載和(he)漢晉時期(qi)墓(mu)葬依據,梟阝陽城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)僅剩數十(shi)米城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)且(qie)已陷入(ru)鄱陽湖包圍中(zhong)(zhong),南(nan)(nan)(nan)野城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為秦(qin)軍守南(nan)(nan)(nan)野界(jie)之(zhi)地(di),今存(cun)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址面(mian)積(ji)約4﹒6萬(wan)平方(fang)(fang)米。而白口城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址面(mian)積(ji)達23萬(wan)平方(fang)(fang)米,無(wu)論從規模還是(shi)(shi)保存(cun)狀(zhuang)況,在江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)省都(dou)是(shi)(shi)當之(zhi)無(wu)愧(kui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大和(he)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因此,從研(yan)究(jiu)白口城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)入(ru)手(shou)帶(dai)動江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址研(yan)究(jiu)具(ju)有較大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)義。白口城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)位于贛(gan)中(zhong)(zhong)腹地(di),為贛(gan)江(jiang)(jiang)中(zhong)(zhong)游(you)入(ru)上游(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“咽喉”所在,它在贛(gan)北、贛(gan)中(zhong)(zhong)、贛(gan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳承鏈條上具(ju)有十(shi)分顯赫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)理優勢,贛(gan)江(jiang)(jiang)中(zhong)(zhong)下游(you)豐(feng)(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)始文(wen)(wen)化(hua)如(ru)吳城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、新干商墓(mu)以及(ji)戰國糧倉(cang)等著名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)遺(yi)(yi)址均位于這(zhe)(zhe)一文(wen)(wen)化(hua)傳承帶(dai)上。從這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)意(yi)義上講,研(yan)究(jiu)白口城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址對(dui)于地(di)域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、歷史(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)古(gu)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)都(dou)具(ju)有重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)義。