岳(yue)州關(guan),又名(ming)城陵(ling)磯海關(guan),俗(su)稱(cheng)上洋關(guan),建于清光緒二十七年(1901),位于岳(yue)陽(yang)市岳(yue)陽(yang)樓區岳(yue)陽(yang)城陵(ling)磯客運碼(ma)頭東側的(de)山(shan)丘上。
岳(yue)州關(guan)(guan)于(yu)光緒二十五(wu)年(nian)(1899)正式開關(guan)(guan),光緒二十七年(nian)(1901)三(san)座(zuo)關(guan)(guan)房及附屬建筑完工,這三(san)棟(dong)英(ying)式二層建筑呈“品(pin)”字形(xing)屹立(li)于(yu)湖畔山頭,分上(shang)、中(zhong)、下三(san)館,上(shang)為幫辦公館,中(zhong)為辦公地點,下為稅務司公館。中(zhong)、下兩(liang)館由(you)于(yu)歷史原因已被(bei)拆(chai)除,現僅存上(shang)館,即上(shang)洋關(guan)(guan)。岳(yue)州關(guan)(guan)幫辦公館座(zuo)東朝西,居山丘之(zhi)巔,處江湖交匯要沖,地理位置十分優越,是對過往船只進行監督和管理的極好場所。
關(guan)房外形為(wei)二層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)券廊(lang)西式(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑,主要由(you)磚(zhuan)、木(mu)和石材混合結構,設計巧妙,層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)次分明,錯落有(you)(you)致。上(shang)下兩(liang)(liang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)各有(you)(you)大(da)(da)小房間(jian)數間(jian),四(si)(si)通(tong)八達(da),占(zhan)地面(mian)積415平方米。岳州關(guan)為(wei)青磚(zhuan)墻體,青瓦屋(wu)面(mian),一樓(lou)(lou)地板(ban)和二樓(lou)(lou)樓(lou)(lou)板(ban)為(wei)木(mu)質構架,上(shang)下板(ban)沿空,有(you)(you)架空層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),二樓(lou)(lou)樓(lou)(lou)筋(jin)均(jun)為(wei)木(mu)質,呈(cheng)四(si)(si)方形,一樓(lou)(lou)樓(lou)(lou)筋(jin)亦(yi)為(wei)木(mu)質,呈(cheng)圓形;四(si)(si)周眠(mian)墻為(wei)青磚(zhuan)砌成,內房眠(mian)墻亦(yi)為(wei)青磚(zhuan)砌成;屋(wu)頂(ding)(ding)檁子(zi)均(jun)為(wei)粗大(da)(da)木(mu)材構成;整個(ge)(ge)屋(wu)頂(ding)(ding)鋪有(you)(you)木(mu)質檁子(zi)。屋(wu)面(mian)則類似我(wo)國的(de)(de)四(si)(si)坡頂(ding)(ding),屋(wu)面(mian)陡峻;正大(da)(da)門(men)建(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)石級臺階,臺階由(you)四(si)(si)個(ge)(ge)踏步構成,結構嚴謹;自(zi)正大(da)(da)門(men)通(tong)道至二樓(lou)(lou)建(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)斜形筆直木(mu)質樓(lou)(lou)梯,外側設有(you)(you)高(gao)木(mu)質護欄(lan),上(shang)下自(zi)如,設計精美(mei),上(shang)下層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)正中(zhong)分別建(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)寬大(da)(da)通(tong)道。兩(liang)(liang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)回(hui)廊(lang)均(jun)為(wei)西式(shi)卷(juan)門(men)配以(yi)磚(zhuan)砌方柱,左右兩(liang)(liang)邊房中(zhong)都有(you)(you)壁爐,通(tong)屋(wu)頂(ding)(ding)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)煙囟解決(jue)取(qu)暖,門(men)窗高(gao)大(da)(da),并(bing)大(da)(da)量使用(yong)(yong)玻(bo)璃,比較注(zhu)重(zhong)通(tong)風(feng)和采光(guang),上(shang)下兩(liang)(liang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)木(mu)樓(lou)(lou)板(ban)、木(mu)樓(lou)(lou)梯以(yi)及(ji)地下架空層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong),以(yi)解決(jue)隔潮,兩(liang)(liang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)天花板(ban)均(jun)采用(yong)(yong)泥(ni)木(mu)條抹(mo)灰,木(mu)屋(wu)架用(yong)(yong)材碩(shuo)大(da)(da),并(bing)與我(wo)國傳統(tong)建(jian)(jian)筑的(de)(de)屋(wu)架大(da)(da)異其趣(qu),屋(wu)面(mian)類似我(wo)國的(de)(de)四(si)(si)坡頂(ding)(ding),但屋(wu)面(mian)陡峻,西洋風(feng)格濃(nong)烈。中(zhong)下關(guan)房已于(yu)1992年(nian)城陵磯(ji)擴建(jian)(jian)港區時拆(chai)毀。
岳州關(guan)是(shi)清政府自鴉片戰爭門戶開(kai)放以來的(de)一個(ge)自開(kai)口岸(an),是(shi)帝國主義列(lie)強對湖(hu)南進行(xing)經濟侵略的(de)第(di)一個(ge)據點,也是(shi)岳陽及湖(hu)湘對外(wai)開(kai)放的(de)歷史見證,是(shi)進行(xing)愛國主義教育的(de)極(ji)好場所,其(qi)西式建(jian)筑(zhu)又是(shi)研(yan)究(jiu)建(jian)筑(zhu)發展(zhan)史的(de)寶貴實物(wu)資(zi)料(liao)。2002年被公布(bu)為(wei)省級文(wen)物(wu)保護單位(wei)。目前由國務院公布(bu)為(wei)第(di)七(qi)批全(quan)國重點文(wen)物(wu)保護單位(wei)。