大(da)邑(yi)黃連位于大(da)邑(yi)縣,是成都中(zhong)藥材生(sheng)產(chan)基地。用(yong)于溫病高熱(re)(re)、口渴煩躁、血熱(re)(re)妄行(xing)、以及熱(re)(re)毒瘡(chuang)瘍(yang)等。
簡介
在大(da)邑縣出阝江(jiang)鎮(zhen)馬橋村海拔1100米高的九頂(ding)山一側看到,幾個碩(shuo)大(da)相連的山頭墨綠(lv)一片,充滿(man)生機(ji)活(huo)力。原(yuan)來,這是大(da)邑縣引(yin)進的四川圖藍藥(yao)業(ye)成(cheng)(cheng)都藥(yao)材種植有限公(gong)司,投資800萬(wan)元興建的1500畝黃連基地(di),該基地(di)不僅讓荒山變成(cheng)(cheng)了綠(lv)洲,還(huan)解決了當(dang)地(di)700名(ming)農民的務工(gong)問題。 大(da)邑縣盛產黃連、黃柏、厚(hou)樸、杜仲等名(ming)貴(gui)中藥(yao)材,是成(cheng)(cheng)都中藥(yao)材生產基地(di)。
地理資源
九頂山這(zhe)一(yi)帶海拔(ba)1100米(mi)左右,土壤厚(hou)、肥力強,氣候濕潤,夏天的(de)氣溫(wen)較山下低5至7攝(she)氏度,是黃連(lian)(lian)最(zui)佳的(de)生(sheng)長環境。從2003年夏秋開(kai)始,當地數(shu)百群眾便開(kai)墾出一(yi)片地種上了(le)(le)黃連(lian)(lian)。第二年秋,700人的(de)開(kai)荒隊(dui)伍浩浩蕩蕩上山拉開(kai)了(le)(le)開(kai)荒大(da)會戰。歷經2年多的(de)不懈努力,成都(dou)最(zui)大(da)的(de)1500畝黃連(lian)(lian)基地終(zhong)于建(jian)設完成。
形態特征
黃連(lian)(lian):多年(nian)生草(cao)本,根莖有分枝,形如雞爪。葉(xie)基生,有長柄;葉(xie)片卵狀三角(jiao)形,三全裂(lie)(lie),中(zhong)央裂(lie)(lie)片棱形,羽毛深裂(lie)(lie),邊(bian)緣(yuan)有鋸齒(chi)。花(hua)(hua)葶1~2條,頂生,聚傘花(hua)(hua)序有3~8花(hua)(hua)。2.云連(lian)(lian):葉(xie)中(zhong)央裂(lie)(lie)片卵狀棱形或長棱形。羽狀深裂(lie)(lie)3~6對。
根莖含(han)(han)(han)多種異喹(kui)啉類生物堿(jian)(jian)(jian),以(yi)小檗(bo)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)含(han)(han)(han)量最高(gao),為5~8%,尚含(han)(han)(han)黃(huang)連堿(jian)(jian)(jian)、甲基黃(huang)連堿(jian)(jian)(jian)、巴馬(ma)亭、藥(yao)根堿(jian)(jian)(jian)、表小檗(bo)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)及(ji)木(mu)蘭花堿(jian)(jian)(jian)等(deng);酸性成分有阿魏酸,氯(lv)原酸等(deng)。須根含(han)(han)(han)小檗(bo)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)可達(da)5%;黃(huang)連葉含(han)(han)(han)小檗(bo)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)1.4%~2.9%。
醫學應用
1.用(yong)于濕(shi)熱內蘊(yun)、腸(chang)胃濕(shi)熱、嘔吐、瀉痢(li)等(deng)癥(zheng)。配黃(huang)芩(qin)、大黃(huang)等(deng),能治濕(shi)熱內蘊(yun)之證。對濕(shi)熱留戀腸(chang)胃,常配合半夏(xia)、竹茹(ru);配木香、黃(huang)芩(qin)、葛根(gen)等(deng)以治瀉痢(li)。
2.用于(yu)溫病(bing)高(gao)熱(re)(re)、口(kou)(kou)(kou)渴煩躁、血(xue)熱(re)(re)妄行(xing)、以及熱(re)(re)毒瘡瘍(yang)等(deng)(deng)。治(zhi)溫病(bing)高(gao)熱(re)(re)、心火(huo)亢盛,配伍(wu)梔子、連(lian)翹等(deng)(deng);對于(yu)血(xue)熱(re)(re)妄行(xing),可(ke)(ke)配伍(wu)黃(huang)芩(qin)、大黃(huang)等(deng)(deng)同(tong)用;對熱(re)(re)毒瘡瘍(yang),可(ke)(ke)配伍(wu)赤(chi)芍、牡(mu)丹皮(pi)等(deng)(deng)藥同(tong)用。此外(wai),黃(huang)連(lian)還可(ke)(ke)用于(yu)胃火(huo)熾(chi)盛的中消證,可(ke)(ke)配合天花粉、知母、生地等(deng)(deng)同(tong)用;涂口(kou)(kou)(kou),可(ke)(ke)治(zhi)口(kou)(kou)(kou)舌生瘡。
用法(fa)用量(liang):煎服,2~5g。外(wai)用適量(liang)。
注(zhu)意事項(xiang):本品大苦大寒,過服久服易(yi)傷脾(pi)胃,脾(pi)胃虛寒者(zhe)忌用(yong)。苦燥傷津,陰虛津傷者(zhe)慎用(yong)。
相關信息
80年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代以(yi)前,黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)連(lian)主(zhu)要品種味連(lian)的(de)(de)主(zhu)產(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)在(zai)成(cheng)(cheng)都西(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)平原(yuan)大(da)邑、灌州(zhou)(zhou)及(ji)東部(bu)(bu)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)與湖(hu)(hu)(hu)北(bei)、湖(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)接壤(rang)的(de)(de)四(si)川(chuan)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)州(zhou)(zhou)、開縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、石(shi)柱、南(nan)(nan)(nan)川(chuan)及(ji)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)北(bei)利(li)川(chuan)、湖(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)龍(long)山(shan)(shan)一(yi)(yi)帶(dai),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)約1—2萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)起(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)不(bu)過數千畝(mu)(mu)(mu),所以(yi)建國后二(er)十(shi)余年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)計(ji)劃(hua)經濟時(shi)期(qi),黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)連(lian)一(yi)(yi)直處(chu)于供(gong)不(bu)應求的(de)(de)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)。改革開放(fang)后,由于黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)連(lian)的(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)高,銷暢(chang),老產(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)種植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)連(lian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)擴大(da),至(zhi)(zhi)80年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代末(mo)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)連(lian)的(de)(de)在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)高達3—4萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)。黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)連(lian)的(de)(de)大(da)量積(ji)壓(ya),使價(jia)(jia)格落至(zhi)(zhi)20元/公斤左(zuo)右(you),十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)低價(jia)(jia)位運行(xing),使栽(zai)培面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)大(da)幅縮(suo)減,回到(dao)(dao)傳統的(de)(de)種植(zhi)規模,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)左(zuo)右(you)。自1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)始(shi)由于庫(ku)存消(xiao)耗(hao)及(ji)市(shi)場炒作因(yin)素,黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)連(lian)市(shi)場如開鍋(guo)般(ban)沸(fei)騰起(qi)(qi)來(lai),價(jia)(jia)格一(yi)(yi)度(du)攀上(shang)280元/公斤的(de)(de)高位,并在(zai)高于100元/公斤的(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)位上(shang)持續5年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)有(you)余,市(shi)場的(de)(de)高價(jia)(jia)位運行(xing),刺(ci)激了產(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)農(nong)民(min)種植(zhi)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)連(lian)的(de)(de)積(ji)極性,老產(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)流行(xing)一(yi)(yi)種最(zui)時(shi)髦的(de)(de)說法“要發家種黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)連(lian)”,一(yi)(yi)股種植(zhi)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)連(lian)的(de)(de)熱(re)潮席卷成(cheng)(cheng)都西(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)平原(yuan),重慶(qing)東部(bu)(bu)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)及(ji)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)北(bei)西(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu),并迅速向周邊(bian)蔓延(yan),以(yi)至(zhi)(zhi)四(si)川(chuan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、貴州(zhou)(zhou)北(bei)部(bu)(bu)、湖(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)龍(long)山(shan)(shan)周邊(bian),陜西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu),到(dao)(dao)處(chu)興起(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)股黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)連(lian)熱(re),據(ju)悉成(cheng)(cheng)都西(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)平原(yuan)以(yi)大(da)邑縣(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)中(zhong)心,灌江市(shi)、崇慶(qing)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、雅連(lian)的(de)(de)主(zhu)產(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)洪(hong)雅、峨眉等地(di)(di)(di)在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)不(bu)下萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)。萬(wan)(wan)(wan)州(zhou)(zhou)、開縣(xian)(xian)(xian)產(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)也在(zai)2—3萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)之(zhi)間,南(nan)(nan)(nan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)石(shi)柱縣(xian)(xian)(xian)稱在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)為(wei)4萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),湖(hu)(hu)(hu)北(bei)竹(zhu)溪、竹(zhu)山(shan)(shan)一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)幾達2萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)的(de)(de)利(li)川(chuan)及(ji)周邊(bian)各(ge)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)更不(bu)下5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),加上(shang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)龍(long)山(shan)(shan)及(ji)周邊(bian)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu),川(chuan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)、貴州(zhou)(zhou)、陜南(nan)(nan)(nan)各(ge)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)總(zong)計(ji)亦不(bu)下一(yi)(yi)個主(zhu)產(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu),在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)總(zong)量也在(zai)1—2萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)之(zhi)間。主(zhu)次產(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)14—15萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji),這是多么龐大(da)的(de)(de)數字。