芒果视频

簡要介紹

新安(an)櫻桃(tao)，又名(ming)珠桃(tao)、含桃(tao)，具有早熟、高(gao)產、優質(zhi)、色艷(yan)等(deng)特點。它先百果(guo)而熟，立夏前后即(ji)可(ke)成熟上市；產量(liang)高(gao)，樹齡長(chang)，成樹每(mei)株產400公斤以(yi)上；果(guo)味(wei)酸甜(tian)可(ke)口(kou)，既能生食(shi)，又可(ke)釀(niang)造，營養豐富，且有調中(zhong)、益脾等(deng)醫療保健功(gong)能；果(guo)形珠圓紅(hong)艷(yan)，有“如珠未(wei)穿孔，似火(huo)不燒人”的美譽(yu)。洛陽(yang)盆地四(si)周，溝壑縱橫，清溪(xi)環繞，向陽(yang)背風(feng)(feng)處最宜(yi)櫻桃(tao)生長(chang)。洛陽(yang)櫻桃(tao)產量(liang)豐富，味(wei)道極佳。古(gu)人曾贊曰：“雨(yu)飛新綠嫩，風(feng)(feng)動野(ye)花香，赤玉(yu)妝(zhuang)盈(ying)村，紅(hong)珠摘滿筐”。每(mei)年(nian)公歷四(si)月份，是洛陽(yang)櫻桃(tao)的上市季節。

特色

唐太宗《賦(fu)得櫻(ying)桃》詩云："華林滿芳景(jing)，洛(luo)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)遍(bian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)春。朱顏含(han)遠日，翠色影長津。喬柯囀(zhuan)嬌鳥，低枝映美(mei)(mei)人。昔作園(yuan)中實，今(jin)為席上(shang)珍。"洛(luo)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)櫻(ying)桃，個大肉肥、色紅潤、味甘美(mei)(mei)。洛(luo)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)櫻(ying)桃，歷(li)史悠久，歷(li)代人民都(dou)很重(zhong)視栽培。秦漢以來，又被(bei)移植(zhi)在御道旁、皇宮(gong)內、花園(yuan)中。北(bei)邙櫻(ying)桃溝，是洛(luo)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)櫻(ying)桃盛產之地。每當(dang)開花季節，又形(xing)成(cheng)洛(luo)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)一大景(jing)觀(guan)。

史料記載

古代不少人(ren)寫下了(le)(le)歌頌洛陽(yang)櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)的名篇佳句。唐太(tai)宗《賦得櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)》詩云："畢(bi)林滿芳景，洛陽(yang)遍陽(yang)春。朱(zhu)顏(yan)含遠目，翠色影長津。喬柯囀嬌身，低枝映(ying)美人(ren)。昔作園中實，今(jin)為(wei)席(xi)上珍。"清代洛陽(yang)知縣(xian)龔松林一(yi)次(ci)來到了(le)(le)櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)溝(gou)(gou)，感興而作《訪櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)溝(gou)(gou)》一(yi)詩："為(wei)訪櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)溝(gou)(gou)，登臨向北邙。雨(yu)飛新(xin)綠嫩，風動(dong)野(ye)花香。赤(chi)玉妝盈(ying)村，紅珠摘滿筐(kuang)。衷腸原自熱，那用大宮漿(jiang)！"寫出了(le)(le)迷(mi)人(ren)的景色。人(ren)們(men)常說(shuo)：小曲好(hao)(hao)唱口戲開，櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)好(hao)(hao)吃樹(shu)難栽。要栽好(hao)(hao)櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)樹(shu)，除了(le)(le)栽培技術外，還要選(xuan)好(hao)(hao)地方。櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)樹(shu)生長的環境(jing)要在(zai)向陽(yang)背風、溝(gou)(gou)壑縱橫的地方，櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)溝(gou)(gou)這種環境(jing)正(zheng)適(shi)合了(le)(le)櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)的生長。

洛陽櫻桃歷史

洛陽(yang)(yang)盆地四周(zhou)，溝壑縱橫，清溪曲繞，向陽(yang)(yang)背風處最宜櫻(ying)桃(tao)生長，故(gu)歷代人民多有栽植(zhi)。自秦漢以來(lai)，櫻(ying)桃(tao)又(you)被(bei)移植(zhi)到皇宮御園里和達官(guan)雅士的花園之中，使得櫻(ying)桃(tao)栽植(zhi)較為廣(guang)泛。但象櫻(ying)桃(tao)溝村(cun)這樣廣(guang)泛集中種植(zhi)櫻(ying)桃(tao)的，鳳毛麟角。

洛(luo)陽櫻桃(tao)，個大肉厚，味(wei)純甘美(mei)，并(bing)有(you)調(diao)中益脾(pi)、去寒止泄的(de)藥物作(zuo)用，素有(you)佳名。西周(zhou)時代，國都在長安，皇(huang)帝春薦寢廟采(cai)用華山腳下上(shang)蘭出產的(de)櫻桃(tao)。平王(wang)東遷洛(luo)陽后(hou)，派(pai)臣仆們四(si)出尋工，最后(hou)選定(ding)邙山深(shen)處櫻桃(tao)溝所產的(de)櫻桃(tao)為祭(ji)祀珍品。

據(ju)清(qing)《洛陽縣(xian)志》載：“櫻(ying)桃(tao)溝，一(yi)(yi)在縣(xian)東(dong)北五里(li)(li)瀍水東(dong)，名小溝；一(yi)(yi)在縣(xian)西北三十里(li)(li)，名大(da)溝。……大(da)溝尤佳，延十余里(li)(li)。”櫻(ying)桃(tao)溝的櫻(ying)桃(tao)不僅品(pin)種多，據(ju)周師厚《洛陽花木記》載：有紫櫻(ying)、臘櫻(ying)、滑(hua)臺櫻(ying)、朱皮(pi)櫻(ying)、旱櫻(ying)、吳櫻(ying)、甜果子、急溜子、千葉櫻(ying)等(deng)11種，而(er)且紅(hong)亮耐看，特別惹(re)人喜愛。

春天一(yi)到，櫻桃溝里溝溝岔岔，開滿一(yi)簇簇潔白(bai)的(de)櫻花，迎(ying)風搖曳，鮮艷(yan)(yan)嬌麗，馥郁(yu)的(de)芳(fang)香撲(pu)面(mian)而(er)來(lai)。幾天工夫，萬樹銀(yin)花突(tu)然變成了滿溝金(jin)果，紅艷(yan)(yan)艷(yan)(yan)，亮晶晶，似珍珠，像瑪瑙，令游(you)人(ren)(ren)心醉。看一(yi)眼便讓人(ren)(ren)滿口(kou)生(sheng)津。因而(er)被賦予“如珠未穿孔，似火不(bu)燒人(ren)(ren)”的(de)美(mei)譽。所(suo)以，“瀍壑朱(zhu)櫻”被列為洛陽八(ba)小景之(zhi)一(yi)。

洛(luo)陽櫻(ying)桃(tao)歷(li)史悠久，如(ru)一(yi)枚深藏于(yu)貝(bei)殼里(li)的珍珠，經歷(li)著(zhu)朝代的盛衰。洛(luo)陽作為九朝古都(dou)，自古以來海納自然(ran)人文(wen)美景(jing)。歷(li)代文(wen)人墨客都(dou)寫下了許多詠贊櫻(ying)桃(tao)的詩篇。唐太宗(zong)李(li)世(shi)民(min)不僅愛吃櫻(ying)桃(tao)，而且寫下一(yi)首《賦得櫻(ying)桃(tao)》的詩：

“華林(lin)滿芳景，洛(luo)陽遍陽春。朱(zhu)顏含遠日(ri)，翠色影長津。喬柯囀(zhuan)嬌鳥，低枝(zhi)映美人。昔作園中實，今為席上珍。”

久居洛陽(yang)的白(bai)居易、梅堯(yao)臣都有(you)歌頌洛陽(yang)櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)的名篇佳(jia)句(ju)(ju)。清高宗乾隆七年(nian)，洛陽(yang)知(zhi)縣龔松林，一(yi)次在櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)成熟季節興(xing)致勃勃地游(you)覽了櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)溝(gou)，情不自禁(jin)地即(ji)興(xing)寫下一(yi)首《游(you)櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)溝(gou)詩》，詩中有(you)：“為訪櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)溝(gou)，登臨向北邙。雨飛新綠嫩，風動野花香。赤玉妝盈村，紅珠摘滿筐。”的句(ju)(ju)子(zi)，描(miao)繪了櫻(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)溝(gou)迷人的景色。

清高宗乾隆七年，洛陽知(zhi)縣龔(gong)松(song)林在櫻(ying)桃(tao)成熟季(ji)節游(you)覽了櫻(ying)桃(tao)溝(gou)，喜不(bu)自(zi)禁地作詩《游(you)櫻(ying)桃(tao)溝(gou)》，描(miao)寫贊美了那里的迷人(ren)景色："雨飛新綠嫩，風動野(ye)花(hua)香。赤玉(yu)妝盈(ying)村(cun)，紅珠摘滿筐。"

現在人們賞櫻(ying)桃(tao)，多在陰(yin)歷(li)四月(yue)初，到“櫻(ying)桃(tao)溝”即洛(luo)陽郊(jiao)區(qu)紅(hong)山(shan)鄉王(wang)坑村(cun)和新安縣五頭鎮獨樹村(cun)、大凹村(cun)一帶。

洛陽櫻桃功效

櫻(ying)桃(tao)全身皆可人藥，鮮果具有發汗、益(yi)氣、祛風(feng)、透疹(zhen)的(de)功效，適用(yong)于貧血、四肢麻木和風(feng)濕性(xing)腰腿病(bing)的(de)食(shi)療(liao)。櫻(ying)桃(tao)的(de)葉、枝、根有溫胃、止血、解毒(du)之(zhi)功。古(gu)書記載和民間流傳均有許多(duo)用(yong)櫻(ying)桃(tao)治療(liao)疾病(bing)的(de)驗(yan)方。

特定生產方式

3.1 產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)與特(te)殊內(nei)(nei)容(rong)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)： 3.1.1 氣(qi)候條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian) ①溫度(du)(du)：新(xin)安(an)櫻(ying)桃(tao)適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫10℃～12℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區，萌(meng)(meng)芽(ya)(ya)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)(du)是10℃，開(kai)(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)15℃，果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)20℃。休眠(mian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)需冷量(liang)(liang)(liang)（7℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)）為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)800～1500小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。 ②水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分：新(xin)安(an)櫻(ying)桃(tao)適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)于(yu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)600～800mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)。 ③土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)：新(xin)安(an)櫻(ying)桃(tao)適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)于(yu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)疏(shu)(shu)松(song)(song)(song)、透氣(qi)良(liang)好、保(bao)(bao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)力(li)(li)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、沙(sha)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)礫(li)質(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)上(shang)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培。適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)微酸(suan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)，PH值為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)6.0～7.5，含鹽(yan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)高(gao)于(yu)0.1%。 ④光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)：新(xin)安(an)櫻(ying)桃(tao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)喜光(guang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，全(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間應(ying)(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)2600小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)。 3.1.2 土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)環境條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian) 新(xin)安(an)櫻(ying)桃(tao)對(dui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)、氣(qi)候要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)比(bi)較嚴格(ge)，既怕(pa)旱(han)(han)又怕(pa)澇(lao)，因此要(yao)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)比(bi)較肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)沃，透氣(qi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)較好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)偏酸(suan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)沙(sha)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)輕黏土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)建園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢高(gao)，雨季不(bu)(bu)易(yi)積(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區有灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)，干(gan)旱(han)(han)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)能(neng)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。最(zui)(zui)好選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)背(bei)風向陽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)(xia)(xia)半坡，不(bu)(bu)能(neng)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)山(shan)溝(gou)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壩(ba)頭地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，雖然壩(ba)頭地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)好，但在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)早(zao)春(chun)容(rong)易(yi)遭到(dao)霜凍(dong)。 3.2 品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)與特(te)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)： 選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)豐產(chan)(chan)(chan)、優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)、高(gao)效、抗逆(ni)性(xing)(xing)(xing)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)高(gao)度(du)(du)1.3m以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)，嫁(jia)接部位(wei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)5cm處(chu)直(zhi)徑達到(dao)1㎝，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)側(ce)芽(ya)(ya)飽滿，無(wu)損傷。側(ce)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)3～5條(tiao)(tiao)，須根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)較多。嫁(jia)接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)砧木(mu)(mu)要(yao)與品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)親合(he)(he)(he)力(li)(li)強，不(bu)(bu)帶病(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)或(huo)(huo)抗病(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)病(bing)(bing)(bing)，根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)系發達，抗逆(ni)性(xing)(xing)(xing)強，如大青葉(xie)(xie)(xie)、考脫（Colt）、吉塞(sai)拉(Gisela)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。 主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)授(shou)(shou)粉(fen)(fen)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)好搭(da)配，保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)授(shou)(shou)粉(fen)(fen)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)授(shou)(shou)粉(fen)(fen)親和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)力(li)(li)強，花(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)相遇。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)應(ying)(ying)(ying)有兩個(ge)(ge)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)授(shou)(shou)粉(fen)(fen)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，授(shou)(shou)粉(fen)(fen)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)比(bi)例(li)20%～30%。 3.3 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過程管理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。包括(kuo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業投入品(pin)(pin)(pin)方(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)殊使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)。 3.4 建園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 3.4.1 整地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei) 栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)平(ping)整土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，山(shan)丘地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)外高(gao)內(nei)(nei)低(di)，坡地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)寬幅梯田地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)起壟(long)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。全(quan)(quan)面深翻或(huo)(huo)按(an)(an)行(xing)(xing)距挖(wa)寬1m、深0.8m的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溝(gou)，或(huo)(huo)長(chang)(chang)、寬、深各0.8m 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穴(xue)。將(jiang)(jiang)溝(gou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)與肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料拌勻后(hou)(hou)(hou)回填(tian)溝(gou)（穴(xue)）內(nei)(nei)，并灌(guan)(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)沉實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)備栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)每畝施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)3000㎏左右(you)(you)。 3.4.2 適(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)春(chun)季3月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)芽(ya)(ya)子萌(meng)(meng)動時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 3.4.3 栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du) 根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)立地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力(li)(li)、苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)類(lei)型、品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)(deng)(deng)確定(ding)(ding)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)情況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)喬化(hua)砧木(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)株(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)(xing)距為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)4～3m×5～4m，每畝定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)33～56株(zhu)(zhu)；采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)矮化(hua)砧木(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)株(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)(xing)距為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)3～2×4m，每畝定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)56～84株(zhu)(zhu)。 3.4.4 栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)法(fa) 栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，把(ba)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)放在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穴(xue)內(nei)(nei)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)系自然舒展，填(tian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，要(yao)將(jiang)(jiang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)略微上(shang)提(ti)(ti)使(shi)(shi)(shi)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)伸直(zhi)并與土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)密(mi)(mi)接，然后(hou)(hou)(hou)踏實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)深度(du)(du)與苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)圃中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原來生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)深度(du)(du)相同或(huo)(huo)略深。最(zui)(zui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)將(jiang)(jiang)余土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)填(tian)平(ping)，澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)封穴(xue)，并在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)干(gan)周圍培成(cheng)(cheng)30cm左右(you)(you)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)堆。栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)15天(tian)內(nei)(nei)如天(tian)氣(qi)干(gan)旱(han)(han)要(yao)澆(jiao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 3.5 果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li) 3.5.1 土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)覆(fu)蓋(gai)(gai) 土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)瘠薄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)深翻擴穴(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)活土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層達到(dao)60cm以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)；沙(sha)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)抽(chou)沙(sha)換土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)或(huo)(huo)客土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，黏土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)客土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)參(can)沙(sha)等(deng)(deng)(deng)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，改(gai)(gai)良(liang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)。實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)清耕(geng)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)季節降(jiang)(jiang)雨或(huo)(huo)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)松(song)(song)(song)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，保(bao)(bao)持(chi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)疏(shu)(shu)松(song)(song)(song)無(wu)雜(za)草，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)深度(du)(du)5～10cm。實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)覆(fu)蓋(gai)(gai)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)春(chun)夏(xia)季節每畝覆(fu)蓋(gai)(gai)作物秸稈(gan)或(huo)(huo)雜(za)草1000～1500kg，覆(fu)蓋(gai)(gai)厚(hou)度(du)(du)10～15cm，上(shang)面適(shi)(shi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)壓土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，連覆(fu)2～3年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)深翻一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)。 3.5.2 水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li) 要(yao)澆(jiao)好花(hua)(hua)(hua)前(qian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、硬核水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)前(qian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。當天(tian)氣(qi)干(gan)旱(han)(han)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)含水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)降(jiang)(jiang)到(dao)田間最(zui)(zui)大持(chi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)60%以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，要(yao)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。灌(guan)(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)方(fang)(fang)式以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)畦灌(guan)(guan)(guan)、穴(xue)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)、溝(gou)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，有條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)滴灌(guan)(guan)(guan)或(huo)(huo)微噴(pen)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)雨季，要(yao)挖(wa)好排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溝(gou)，及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)排出(chu)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)(nei)積(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)足(zu)基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)前(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)磷鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。 ①基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)：秋季落葉(xie)(xie)(xie)前(qian)（9月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)到(dao)10月(yue)(yue)份）施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，混加少量(liang)(liang)(liang)氮(dan)素(su)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)按(an)(an)1kg鮮(xian)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)2～3kg優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)計(ji)算(suan)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)盛果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)每畝施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)2000～3000kg優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)腐熟(shu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)溝(gou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或(huo)(huo)撒(sa)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)部位(wei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)(guan)投影范圍內(nei)(nei)。 ②追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)：每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)三次(ci)(ci)，第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)萌(meng)(meng)芽(ya)(ya)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)；第(di)二次(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)膨(peng)大期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)磷鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，氮(dan)磷鉀(jia)(jia)混合(he)(he)(he)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)；第(di)三次(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)特(te)點確定(ding)(ding)，結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)每生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)100kg大櫻(ying)桃(tao)需追(zhui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)純(chun)氮(dan)1kg、五氧(yang)化(hua)二磷0.5kg、氧(yang)化(hua)鉀(jia)(jia)1kg。方(fang)(fang)法(fa)是樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)(guan)下(xia)(xia)(xia)開(kai)(kai)溝(gou)，溝(gou)深15～20cm，追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)后(hou)(hou)(hou)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 3.6 花(hua)(hua)(hua)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li) 花(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)人(ren)工授(shou)(shou)粉(fen)(fen)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)坐(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)率(lv)，推(tui)廣花(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)放蜂輔助授(shou)(shou)粉(fen)(fen)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)開(kai)(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)初(chu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，每畝果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)釋放壁蜂100頭左右(you)(you)。盛花(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)疏(shu)(shu)去弱(ruo)(ruo)質(zhi)(zhi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)、畸形(xing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)落果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)結(jie)束(shu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，疏(shu)(shu)去小果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)畸形(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)前(qian)適(shi)(shi)當摘(zhai)除(chu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)附近(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遮光(guang)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)，促使(shi)(shi)(shi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)全(quan)(quan)面均勻著色，還(huan)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)前(qian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)(guan)下(xia)(xia)(xia)鋪反光(guang)膜(mo)。 3.7 整形(xing)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian) 根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)、干(gan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)強弱(ruo)(ruo)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)系狀況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)4～3m×4.5～4m、干(gan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)弱(ruo)(ruo)、根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)系較淺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)可(ke)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)自然形(xing)。密(mi)(mi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)3～2m×3.5～3m、干(gan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)強、根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)系較深的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)形(xing)。做好夏(xia)、冬(dong)(dong)兩季修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)。 夏(xia)季修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)4～8月(yue)(yue)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)間，應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)抹(mo)芽(ya)(ya)、刻(ke)芽(ya)(ya)、拉枝(zhi)、摘(zhai)心(xin)、扭梢(shao)(shao)、剪(jian)(jian)梢(shao)(shao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)技術(shu)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)調控樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)體(ti)長(chang)(chang)勢，改(gai)(gai)善光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)，促進(jin)花(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)。 冬(dong)(dong)季修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)萌(meng)(meng)芽(ya)(ya)前(qian)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)，根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)體(ti)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)發育狀況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)疏(shu)(shu)枝(zhi)、緩(huan)放、短(duan)截、回縮等(deng)(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。剪(jian)(jian)口(kou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)愈傷防(fang)(fang)腐膜(mo)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)封閉(bi)，保(bao)(bao)護傷口(kou)愈合(he)(he)(he)組織生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)。冬(dong)(dong)季修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)注意剪(jian)(jian)除(chu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)枝(zhi)，清除(chu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)僵果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。 3.8 病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)： 3.8.1 防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原則(ze) 按(an)(an)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)“預(yu)(yu)(yu)防(fang)(fang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，綜(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)保(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)針，堅持(chi)“農(nong)(nong)(nong)業防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，物理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，化(hua)學防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)輔”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)害(hai)(hai)化(hua)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原則(ze)。 3.8.2 農(nong)(nong)(nong)業防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)輪作、加強肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)等(deng)(deng)(deng)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，調整果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)營養狀況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)體(ti)抗病(bing)(bing)(bing)能(neng)力(li)(li)，抑(yi)制(zhi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。 3.8.3 物理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物學特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)人(ren)工撲(pu)殺、樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)干(gan)纏草把(ba)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)殺蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)燈誘(you)殺等(deng)(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。 3.8.4 化(hua)學防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)各時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)、程度(du)(du)等(deng)(deng)(deng)，科學合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)加強病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)預(yu)(yu)(yu)測(ce)預(yu)(yu)(yu)報的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)，做到(dao)有針對(dui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)，未達到(dao)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)指標或(huo)(huo)益、害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)比(bi)合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)不(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)。允許使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)，每種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)最(zui)(zui)多使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)二次(ci)(ci)。最(zui)(zui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)藥(yao)距采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)間隔(ge)應(ying)(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)20天(tian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)。限制(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)，每種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)最(zui)(zui)多使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)。 ①休眠(mian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(1月(yue)(yue)初(chu)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)2月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun))：結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)冬(dong)(dong)季修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)涂(tu)刷30～50石硫(liu)合(he)(he)(he)劑(ji)，萌(meng)(meng)芽(ya)(ya)前(qian)15～20天(tian)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)30%機油石硫(liu)微乳劑(ji)800倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)加10%蚜虱凈(jing)可(ke)濕性(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)3000倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)噴(pen)霧清園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)越冬(dong)(dong)蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、介殼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)穿孔(kong)(kong)病(bing)(bing)(bing)、葉(xie)(xie)(xie)斑病(bing)(bing)(bing)等(deng)(deng)(deng)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)部病(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)。 ②萌(meng)(meng)芽(ya)(ya)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(2月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)3月(yue)(yue)初(chu))：全(quan)(quan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)噴(pen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)遍30～50石硫(liu)合(he)(he)(he)劑(ji)，防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)越冬(dong)(dong)蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、介殼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)穿孔(kong)(kong)病(bing)(bing)(bing)、葉(xie)(xie)(xie)斑病(bing)(bing)(bing)等(deng)(deng)(deng)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)部病(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)。 ③開(kai)(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(3月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)(xia)(xia)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)4月(yue)(yue)上(shang)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun))：花(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)10%高(gao)效氯氰菊酯(zhi)1500倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)噴(pen)霧防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)。 ④花(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)新(xin)梢(shao)(shao)旺長(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(7月(yue)(yue)上(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)8月(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun))：雨后(hou)(hou)(hou)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)噴(pen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)遍10%多菌靈800～1000倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)，或(huo)(huo)75%百(bai)菌清500～600倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穿孔(kong)(kong)病(bing)(bing)(bing)、葉(xie)(xie)(xie)斑病(bing)(bing)(bing)；用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)10%溴(xiu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)腈懸浮劑(ji)1500倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)或(huo)(huo)阿維菌素(su)3000～4000倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)噴(pen)霧，防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)螨類(lei)、黃刺蛾等(deng)(deng)(deng)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。 ⑤新(xin)梢(shao)(shao)緩(huan)慢生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(8月(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)(xia)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)9月(yue)(yue)末)：用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)菊酯(zhi)類(lei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)噴(pen)霧防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大青葉(xie)(xie)(xie)蟬成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)波(bo)爾(er)多液(ye)(ye)、代森錳(meng)鋅、農(nong)(nong)(nong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鏈(lian)霉(mei)素(su)等(deng)(deng)(deng)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)面噴(pen)霧保(bao)(bao)護葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)。 3.9 產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)收(shou)(shou)(shou)獲(huo)及(ji)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li) 3.9.1 采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi) 根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)度(du)(du)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)市場需求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)(he)確定(ding)(ding)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。就地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)銷售(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)充分成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)；長(chang)(chang)途運輸或(huo)(huo)貯藏保(bao)(bao)鮮(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)八、九(jiu)分熟(shu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)。成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)不(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)分期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)。 3.9.2 采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)方(fang)(fang)法(fa) 采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)工采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)晴天(tian)傍晚采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)好。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)下(xia)(xia)(xia)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，存放于(yu)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)干(gan)凈(jing)陰涼處(chu)，及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)剔(ti)除(chu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、僵果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、爛果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)分級。 3.10 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)記錄要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)整個(ge)(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，設專人(ren)做好以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)記錄：生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)點、農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)名稱，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)耕(geng)作，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)（藥(yao)）名稱、方(fang)(fang)式、時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)收(shou)(shou)(shou)獲(huo)、倉儲(chu)、銷售(shou)等(deng)(deng)(deng)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、方(fang)(fang)式、數量(liang)(liang)(liang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。