生平經歷
早年經歷
建武元年(nian)(494年(nian)),蕭寶融受封(feng)為隨郡王,食邑二千戶。
建武三年(496年),蕭(xiao)寶融擔任冠(guan)軍將軍,兼領石頭戍軍事。
永泰元年(498年),蕭寶融的父親齊明帝(di)蕭鸞去世,蕭寶融的同母兄蕭寶卷即位。
永元元年(499年),蕭(xiao)寶卷(juan)改封蕭(xiao)寶融(rong)為南(nan)(nan)康王,并任(ren)命他為持節,都(dou)督荊、雍(yong)、益、寧、梁、南(nan)(nan)秦(qin)、北秦(qin)七(qi)州軍事,西中郎(lang)將,荊州刺史。
勸進帝位
永元二(er)年(nian)(500年(nian))十(shi)一(yi)月(yue)十(shi)八日,長史蕭穎胄殺輔國將軍、巴西(xi)、梓潼二(er)郡太(tai)守劉山陽(yang),擁戴(dai)南康王(wang)蕭寶(bao)融舉(ju)義。十(shi)一(yi)月(yue)十(shi)九日,蕭寶(bao)融對(dui)部(bu)下嚴格要求。又對(dui)部(bu)下說:“如今我親自(zi)率領晉陽(yang)的(de)(de)軍隊前(qian)去翦除(chu)朝廷的(de)(de)兇孽,現在戰事吃緊,我們應該對(dui)人們多(duo)施恩惠,除(chu)了(le)已判斬首之刑的(de)(de)以(yi)外,其余的(de)(de)一(yi)概釋放。原來有(you)職務的(de)(de),立(li)即恢復原職。將吏提升一(yi)級(ji),現役(yi)人員有(you)家(jia)屬的(de)(de),發給他(ta)們官糧。其他(ta)各種雜役(yi)人員現在各軍中作戰士的(de)(de),事成之后,都寬免為民。有(you)關立(li)功(gong)獎賞等(deng)辦法,再作其他(ta)規(gui)定。”
十(shi)(shi)(shi)一月(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri),任(ren)命雍(yong)州(zhou)刺史蕭(xiao)衍為使持節、都督前鋒諸(zhu)軍(jun)事、左將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)。二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一日(ri),蕭(xiao)寶(bao)融(rong)任(ren)命蕭(xiao)穎胄為右將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)、都督行(xing)留(liu)諸(zhu)軍(jun)事。二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)日(ri),蕭(xiao)衍等人上(shang)表(biao)勸請蕭(xiao)寶(bao)融(rong)即皇帝位(wei)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri),群僚又上(shang)表(biao)進行(xing)勸進,蕭(xiao)寶(bao)融(rong)都沒(mei)答應。十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)日(ri),驍騎(qi)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)夏侯(hou)亶從京(jing)師來(lai)到江陵,稱宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德太后(hou)(hou)有令:“西(xi)中郎將(jiang)(jiang)、南(nan)康王(wang)蕭(xiao)寶(bao)融(rong)宜繼(ji)承大統,登臨帝位(wei)。等待清初宮內之后(hou)(hou),便可施行(xing)帝王(wang)的號令,如今暫且晉封為宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)城、南(nan)瑯邪(xie)、南(nan)東(dong)海、東(dong)陽(yang)(yang)、臨海、新安、尋(xun)陽(yang)(yang)、南(nan)郡(jun)、竟陵、宜都十(shi)(shi)(shi)郡(jun)為宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)城王(wang),加(jia)封相國、荊州(zhou)牧,加(jia)黃皞,下(xia)面(mian)設置臣屬,遴選百官(guan),西(xi)中郎府和南(nan)康國保留(liu)原來(lai)建制。軍(jun)隊所經之處,附近(jin)主管官(guan)長都必(bi)須依照(zhao)舊典,備法駕奉迎。”
登基大赦
永元三年(501年)正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)初(chu)十(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri),蕭(xiao)寶融正(zheng)式接(jie)受稱帝的(de)建議(yi),大(da)(da)赦天下,只有(you)梅蟲兒、茹法珍不予(yu)赦免。任命右將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)蕭(xiao)穎胄為(wei)(wei)左(zuo)長(chang)(chang)史(shi)(shi)(shi),晉封(feng)為(wei)(wei)鎮軍(jun)(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)。蕭(xiao)衍晉封(feng)為(wei)(wei)征東將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)。正(zheng)月(yue)(yue),任命冠(guan)(guan)(guan)軍(jun)(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)楊公(gong)則為(wei)(wei)湘州刺(ci)史(shi)(shi)(shi),在(zai)城(cheng)南(nan)樹大(da)(da)旗幕府(fu)。二月(yue)(yue)初(chu)一日(ri)(ri),任命冠(guan)(guan)(guan)軍(jun)(jun)長(chang)(chang)史(shi)(shi)(shi)王茂先為(wei)(wei)江州刺(ci)史(shi)(shi)(shi),冠(guan)(guan)(guan)軍(jun)(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)曹景(jing)宗為(wei)(wei)郢州刺(ci)史(shi)(shi)(shi),右將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)、邵陵(ling)王蕭(xiao)寶攸為(wei)(wei)荊州刺(ci)史(shi)(shi)(shi)。二月(yue)(yue)初(chu)五日(ri)(ri),群臣進(jin)上皇帝尊號,設(she)立宗廟及南(nan)北郊祭祠。二月(yue)(yue)二十(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri),梁王蕭(xiao)衍率大(da)(da)軍(jun)(jun)駐扎在(zai)沔口,郢州刺(ci)史(shi)(shi)(shi)張沖拒守。三月(yue)(yue)初(chu)三日(ri)(ri),張沖死,驃騎將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)薛元嗣等固城(cheng)拒守。
中(zhong)(zhong)興元年(nian)(501年(nian))三(san)(san)(san)月(yue)十一日,蕭(xiao)寶(bao)融正式即(ji)皇帝位(wei),大(da)赦天下(xia)(xia),改元中(zhong)(zhong)興。文武官員賜(si)(si)位(wei)二(er)(er)等;鰥寡孤(gu)獨不能自養之(zhi)人(ren)(ren),每人(ren)(ren)賜(si)(si)給谷五(wu)斛(hu)。任(ren)(ren)命(ming)相國長史(shi)(shi)蕭(xiao)穎胄為(wei)(wei)(wei)尚書令(ling),晉安王(wang)蕭(xiao)寶(bao)義為(wei)(wei)(wei)司空,廬(lu)陵王(wang)蕭(xiao)寶(bao)夤為(wei)(wei)(wei)徐州刺史(shi)(shi),散騎常侍夏侯詳為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)領軍(jun)(jun),領軍(jun)(jun)將軍(jun)(jun)蕭(xiao)偉為(wei)(wei)(wei)雍州刺史(shi)(shi)。三(san)(san)(san)月(yue)十二(er)(er)日,有關部門(men)奏(zou)請封庶人(ren)(ren)蕭(xiao)寶(bao)卷(juan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)零陽侯,蕭(xiao)寶(bao)融下(xia)(xia)詔(zhao)(zhao)不答(da)應(ying)。又奏(zou)請封他為(wei)(wei)(wei)涪陵王(wang),下(xia)(xia)詔(zhao)(zhao)許可。之(zhi)后,任(ren)(ren)命(ming)尚書令(ling)蕭(xiao)穎胄行荊(jing)州刺史(shi)(shi),假黃(huang)鉞。三(san)(san)(san)月(yue)十八日,任(ren)(ren)命(ming)征虜將軍(jun)(jun)柳惔為(wei)(wei)(wei)益(yi)、寧(ning)二(er)(er)州刺史(shi)(shi)。三(san)(san)(san)月(yue)二(er)(er)十五(wu)日,任(ren)(ren)命(ming)冠軍(jun)(jun)將軍(jun)(jun)莊丘(qiu)黑為(wei)(wei)(wei)梁、南秦二(er)(er)州刺史(shi)(shi),冠軍(jun)(jun)將軍(jun)(jun)鄧元起為(wei)(wei)(wei)廣州刺史(shi)(shi)。四(si)月(yue)初(chu)五(wu)日,下(xia)(xia)詔(zhao)(zhao)說:“荊(jing)、雍是(shi)我(wo)(wo)們當初(chu)舉義的(de)根本所在,那(nei)里的(de)有識之(zhi)士為(wei)(wei)(wei)我(wo)(wo)們謀劃,精細之(zhi)人(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)我(wo)(wo)們出力(li),現在我(wo)(wo)們應(ying)該對他們進行獎(jiang)賞(shang),只要(yao)是(shi)跟隨我(wo)(wo)東征討伐(fa)朝中(zhong)(zhong)奸惡的(de),都要(yao)免除勞(lao)役。”
平定建康
中興元年(nian)(501年(nian))五(wu)(wu)月(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶融來到竹林寺禪房(fang),宴(yan)會群臣。巴(ba)西(xi)太(tai)守魯(lu)休烈(lie)、巴(ba)東太(tai)守蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)惠訓之子蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)璝抗拒義師。七(qi)月(yue)(yue),東軍(jun)(jun)主(zhu)帥(shuai)吳子陽十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)軍(jun)(jun)救援(yuan)郢(ying)州,兵駐加湖(hu)。七(qi)月(yue)(yue)初(chu)(chu)五(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),被征虜將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)茂(mao)先擊破(po)。七(qi)月(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)九日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),任(ren)命(ming)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)茂(mao)先為(wei)中護(hu)軍(jun)(jun)。二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),魯(lu)山城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)主(zhu)將(jiang)孫樂祖獻(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)投(tou)降(jiang)。七(qi)月(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),郢(ying)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)主(zhu)將(jiang)薛元嗣投(tou)降(jiang)。八月(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),平(ping)西(xi)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)陳(chen)伯(bo)之宣(xuan)布(bu)投(tou)降(jiang)。不久,蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶融任(ren)命(ming)陳(chen)伯(bo)之為(wei)江州刺(ci)(ci)(ci)史,任(ren)命(ming)陳(chen)伯(bo)之之子陳(chen)虎牙為(wei)徐州刺(ci)(ci)(ci)史。九月(yue)(yue)初(chu)(chu)四日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),下(xia)詔令(ling)(ling)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)如(ru)果(guo)平(ping)定(ding)京城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),可以自行決(jue)斷處置,不必上奏請旨(zhi)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)初(chu)(chu)五(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶融任(ren)命(ming)輔國將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)李元履為(wei)豫州刺(ci)(ci)(ci)史。十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),尚書(shu)令(ling)(ling)、鎮軍(jun)(jun)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)穎胄去(qu)世(shi),任(ren)命(ming)黃門郎蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)澹行荊(jing)州府事(shi)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)璝、魯(lu)休烈(lie)向(xiang)齊軍(jun)(jun)投(tou)降(jiang)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)初(chu)(chu)六日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),齊軍(jun)(jun)平(ping)定(ding)建康城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)初(chu)(chu)九日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),皇太(tai)后下(xia)令(ling)(ling)任(ren)命(ming)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)為(wei)大(da)司(si)馬(ma)、錄尚書(shu)事(shi)、驃騎大(da)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)、揚(yang)州刺(ci)(ci)(ci)史,并封(feng)他為(wei)建安郡公(gong),比照晉武陵王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)司(si)馬(ma)遵的先例,承制總攬政務,文武百(bai)官向(xiang)其致敬。十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),改(gai)封(feng)建安王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶夤為(wei)鄱陽王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),任(ren)命(ming)司(si)徒(tu)、揚(yang)州刺(ci)(ci)(ci)史晉安王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶義為(wei)太(tai)尉,領司(si)徒(tu)之職。十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),賞(shang)賜大(da)司(si)馬(ma)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)錢幣二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)千(qian)萬,布(bu)絹(juan)各五(wu)(wu)千(qian)匹。十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),任(ren)命(ming)輔國將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)宏為(wei)中護(hu)軍(jun)(jun)。
禪位被殺
中興二(er)年(502年)正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)初九日(ri)(ri),宣德(de)太后(hou)臨朝稱制,入居(ju)皇宮內殿。并且解(jie)除大司(si)馬(ma)蕭衍(yan)的(de)(de)承制。正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)初十(shi)日(ri)(ri),任(ren)命寧朔將軍(jun)蕭昺監管南兗(yan)州。正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)十(shi)三日(ri)(ri),任(ren)命大司(si)馬(ma)蕭衍(yan)為(wei)都(dou)督中外諸(zhu)軍(jun)事,加殊禮(li)。正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)二(er)十(shi)日(ri)(ri),任(ren)命大司(si)馬(ma)長史王(wang)(wang)亮(liang)為(wei)守(shou)尚書令。正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)二(er)十(shi)五日(ri)(ri),詔令大司(si)馬(ma)蕭衍(yan)進位相國(guo),總(zong)攝朝廷一切政務,并兼任(ren)揚州牧(mu),封十(shi)郡為(wei)梁公,配(pei)備九錫之禮(li),加遠游冠,位在諸(zhu)王(wang)(wang)上,加相國(guo)綠騑綬(shou),此(ci)舉大大增(zeng)加了蕭衍(yan)的(de)(de)勢力。正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)三十(shi)日(ri)(ri),任(ren)命新授(shou)職的(de)(de)右將軍(jun)曹(cao)景宗為(wei)郢(ying)州刺史。
二(er)月(yue)初三(san)日(ri)(ri)(ri),蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)融(rong)誅(zhu)殺(sha)湘東王(wang)(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)晊。二(er)月(yue)初九日(ri)(ri)(ri),下(xia)詔(zhao)梁(liang)公蕭(xiao)衍晉(jin)封為梁(liang)王(wang)(wang)(wang),增封十郡(jun)。三(san)月(yue)初七日(ri)(ri)(ri),皇(huang)太后(hou)下(xia)令賜梁(liang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)衍錢(qian)五百(bai)萬,布五千匹。三(san)月(yue)十三(san)日(ri)(ri)(ri),鄱陽王(wang)(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)寅投奔北(bei)魏,誅(zhu)殺(sha)邵(shao)陵王(wang)(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)攸、晉(jin)熙王(wang)(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)嵩、桂陽王(wang)(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)貞。之(zhi)后(hou)命梁(liang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)衍冠冕可(ke)用十二(er)旒,建天子旌(jing)旗,出行時警戒清(qing)道(dao),禁(jin)止行人(ren)(ren),乘金銀馬車,可(ke)駕六馬,其余形制(zhi)也同天子一(yi)般,朝廷(ting)蕭(xiao)衍一(yi)手遮天,朝廷(ting)大權盡入他人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)手。三(san)月(yue)二(er)十二(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri),任命冠軍長史(shi)(shi)蕭(xiao)秀為南(nan)徐州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)(shi),新授職(zhi)的中領軍蔡道(dao)恭為司州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)(shi)。蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)融(rong)東回到姑熟。三(san)月(yue)二(er)十八日(ri)(ri)(ri),蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)融(rong)被(bei)迫(po)禪(chan)位給梁(liang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)衍,南(nan)朝齊滅亡。
四月初(chu)(chu)三日,禪位詔書下達,皇(huang)太后(hou)退居外宮。四月初(chu)(chu)九日,蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)(yan)封蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶融(rong)為(wei)巴(ba)陵王,王宮設在姑熟,仍然使(shi)用齊朝的(de)歷法,一(yi)切照(zhao)先(xian)例進(jin)行。當(dang)時,蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)(yan)想以南(nan)海郡為(wei)巴(ba)陵國,遷蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶融(rong)前(qian)去(qu)(qu)居住,可是(shi),沈約卻對蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)(yan)說:“古(gu)今不(bu)同,當(dang)年魏(wei)武帝曹操曾經說過:‘不(bu)可以慕虛名(ming)而(er)受(shou)實禍。’”蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)(yan)聽后(hou)點頭同意,于(yu)四月初(chu)(chu)十派遣親(qin)信鄭(zheng)伯禽(qin)到姑孰,把生金子給蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶融(rong),讓(rang)他吞下去(qu)(qu),蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶融(rong)說:“我死不(bu)須(xu)用金子,有醇酒就(jiu)足夠。”于(yu)是(shi),就(jiu)給他飲酒,喝(he)的(de)爛醉(zui),鄭(zheng)伯禽(qin)上前(qian)將其殺死。時年十五歲。追謚為(wei)齊和帝,葬于(yu)恭安陵。巴(ba)陵王爵位由其兄長蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶義繼承(cheng)。
歷史評價
蕭子顯《南(nan)齊書》:“和帝(di)晚隆,掃難清宮。達機睹運,高頌永終。”