湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)南瓊(qiong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)國(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公園地(di)處南洞(dong)庭湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)與(yu)西洞(dong)庭湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)2處國(guo)際重要濕(shi)(shi)地(di)交匯(hui)處,資江(jiang)、沅江(jiang)與(yu)澧水(shui)三水(shui)匯(hui)合的(de)半島之上(shang),包括以沅江(jiang)市區為(wei)中心,互為(wei)連通的(de)后江(jiang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、蓼葉湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、上(shang)瓊(qiong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、下瓊(qiong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、石磯湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)及胭脂湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)等湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊群構成,是洞(dong)庭湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)的(de)重要組成部分。地(di)理坐(zuo)標(biao)為(wei):東經112°16′35″~112°23′58″,北緯(wei)28°44′36″~28°51′42″。
公(gong)園內水域闊廣、港汊密布、岸(an)線曲(qu)折、堤(di)岸(an)自然、林草豐(feng)茂(mao)、景色秀美、觀賞性(xing)強,與沅江市城(cheng)區形成"濕地(di)(di)-森林-城(cheng)市"復合生態系(xi)統,濕地(di)(di)生態特征典(dian)型、生物(wu)多(duo)樣性(xing)豐(feng)富、歷史遺(yi)跡文(wen)物(wu)眾多(duo),人(ren)文(wen)底蘊(yun)深厚、景觀資源組合度(du)高(gao),是洞(dong)庭湖周邊湖泊濕地(di)(di)的(de)典(dian)型代表,保護(hu)意(yi)義重大。
公(gong)園(yuan)總面(mian)積1760.4公(gong)頃(qing)(qing),其中濕(shi)(shi)地(di)面(mian)積1702.9公(gong)頃(qing)(qing),占(zhan)規劃(hua)面(mian)積的(de)96.7%。涉及湖泊(bo)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)、沼澤(ze)(ze)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)和人工濕(shi)(shi)地(di)3大濕(shi)(shi)地(di)類和永久性淡水湖泊(bo)、草本沼澤(ze)(ze)、運河(he)、輸(shu)水河(he)、水產養殖場、庫塘(tang)6個濕(shi)(shi)地(di)型,濕(shi)(shi)地(di)資源(yuan)類型豐富多樣。
公園(yuan)及周邊(bian)地(di)區(qu)有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)子植物(wu)543種(zhong)(zhong),隸屬于353屬、119科,其中濕(shi)地(di)種(zhong)(zhong)子植物(wu)138種(zhong)(zhong),有(you)金蕎(qiao)麥、中華結縷(lv)草(cao)等4種(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)家(jia)二(er)級(ji)重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)植物(wu);古樹(shu)名木70余(yu)株;有(you)脊椎動(dong)物(wu)共計5綱30目73科198種(zhong)(zhong),魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)與(yu)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)資源突出,有(you)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)48種(zhong)(zhong),占湖南已知(zhi)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)的27.9%;鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)110種(zhong)(zhong),占湖南已知(zhi)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)的28.7%;有(you)鴛鴦、雀鷹、鳶等國(guo)家(jia)二(er)級(ji)重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)17種(zhong)(zhong),生物(wu)多(duo)樣性豐富,珍稀(xi)動(dong)物(wu)眾多(duo),保(bao)(bao)護(hu)和(he)科研價值極高。
公(gong)園所在地(di)沅江(jiang)市(shi),被譽為"魚米之鄉",漁耕(geng)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)深(shen)厚,是湘楚文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)發(fa)源(yuan)地(di),李白、杜(du)甫(fu)、王安(an)石、曾國藩、毛(mao)澤東等歷代(dai)名人(ren)曾寄寓沅江(jiang),文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)底蘊深(shen)厚;現(xian)在的(de)沅江(jiang)市(shi)有(you)(you)(you)對(dui)洞庭(ting)漁耕(geng)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)傳承與(yu)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)洞庭(ting)漁火節;有(you)(you)(you)洞庭(ting)湖標志意義的(de)雙塔 "凌云塔"、"鎮江(jiang)塔";有(you)(you)(you)百年歷史(shi)的(de)木質樓(lou)閣-魁星樓(lou);有(you)(you)(you)清朝學府-古瓊(qiong)湖書院;有(you)(you)(you)展(zhan)示(shi)洞庭(ting)湖歷史(shi)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)洞庭(ting)博(bo)物(wu)館,此外還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)湖區特有(you)(you)(you)的(de)防(fang)洪堤與(yu)防(fang)浪林(lin);有(you)(you)(you)紀念98抗洪勝利的(de)洞庭(ting)閣,此外還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)悠久的(de)船文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、知青文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、美食文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、詩歌文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、儺文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等,文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)資(zi)源(yuan)多姿(zi)多彩,人(ren)文(wen)薈萃。公(gong)園內外的(de)歷史(shi)、濕(shi)地(di)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)風景資(zi)源(yuan)具有(you)(you)(you)很高(gao)的(de)科(ke)學教育和旅(lv)游價值(zhi)。