湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)南瓊湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)國家濕(shi)地(di)公園地(di)處南洞庭(ting)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)與(yu)西洞庭(ting)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)2處國際重(zhong)要濕(shi)地(di)交匯處,資江(jiang)、沅(yuan)江(jiang)與(yu)澧水三水匯合(he)的(de)半島之上,包括以沅(yuan)江(jiang)市(shi)區為(wei)中(zhong)心(xin),互為(wei)連通的(de)后江(jiang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、蓼葉湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、上瓊湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、下瓊湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、石磯湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)及(ji)胭脂湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)等湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)群(qun)構(gou)成(cheng),是洞庭(ting)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)濕(shi)地(di)的(de)重(zhong)要組成(cheng)部分。地(di)理坐標為(wei):東經112°16′35″~112°23′58″,北(bei)緯28°44′36″~28°51′42″。
公(gong)園內水(shui)域闊(kuo)廣(guang)、港汊密布(bu)、岸(an)線曲折、堤岸(an)自然、林草豐(feng)茂、景(jing)色(se)秀(xiu)美、觀賞(shang)性(xing)強,與沅(yuan)江市城區形成"濕(shi)(shi)地-森林-城市"復合(he)生(sheng)態系(xi)統,濕(shi)(shi)地生(sheng)態特(te)征典型(xing)、生(sheng)物(wu)多樣性(xing)豐(feng)富、歷史(shi)遺(yi)跡(ji)文物(wu)眾(zhong)多,人(ren)文底(di)蘊深厚、景(jing)觀資(zi)源組合(he)度高,是洞(dong)庭湖周邊湖泊濕(shi)(shi)地的典型(xing)代表(biao),保(bao)護意義重大。
公園總面積1760.4公頃,其中濕(shi)(shi)地(di)面積1702.9公頃,占規劃面積的96.7%。涉及(ji)湖泊(bo)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)、沼澤(ze)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)和人(ren)工濕(shi)(shi)地(di)3大濕(shi)(shi)地(di)類和永(yong)久性(xing)淡(dan)水(shui)湖泊(bo)、草(cao)本沼澤(ze)、運(yun)河、輸水(shui)河、水(shui)產養殖場、庫塘6個濕(shi)(shi)地(di)型,濕(shi)(shi)地(di)資源類型豐富多樣(yang)。
公園(yuan)及周邊地區有種(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)543種(zhong)(zhong),隸(li)屬于353屬、119科(ke),其中濕地種(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)138種(zhong)(zhong),有金(jin)蕎麥(mai)、中華結縷(lv)草等4種(zhong)(zhong)國家二(er)級重(zhong)點(dian)保護植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu);古樹名木70余株;有脊椎動物(wu)(wu)(wu)共計5綱30目73科(ke)198種(zhong)(zhong),魚(yu)類(lei)與鳥類(lei)資(zi)源(yuan)突(tu)出,有魚(yu)類(lei)48種(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)湖(hu)南已知魚(yu)類(lei)的27.9%;鳥類(lei)110種(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)湖(hu)南已知鳥類(lei)的28.7%;有鴛鴦(yang)、雀鷹、鳶等國家二(er)級重(zhong)點(dian)保護動物(wu)(wu)(wu)17種(zhong)(zhong),生物(wu)(wu)(wu)多樣性豐富(fu),珍稀動物(wu)(wu)(wu)眾多,保護和科(ke)研價(jia)值極(ji)高。
公(gong)園所在地沅江市(shi),被譽為"魚米(mi)之鄉",漁(yu)耕文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)深厚(hou),是湘楚文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)源(yuan)地,李白、杜甫、王(wang)安石(shi)、曾國藩、毛(mao)澤東等歷(li)代名人(ren)曾寄寓(yu)沅江,文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)底(di)蘊深厚(hou);現在的(de)(de)(de)沅江市(shi)有(you)對洞庭(ting)漁(yu)耕文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)傳承與(yu)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)洞庭(ting)漁(yu)火(huo)節;有(you)洞庭(ting)湖(hu)標志意義的(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)塔 "凌云(yun)塔"、"鎮(zhen)江塔";有(you)百年歷(li)史的(de)(de)(de)木質樓(lou)閣-魁星樓(lou);有(you)清朝學府-古瓊湖(hu)書院;有(you)展(zhan)示洞庭(ting)湖(hu)歷(li)史文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)洞庭(ting)博物館(guan),此外(wai)(wai)還有(you)湖(hu)區特有(you)的(de)(de)(de)防洪(hong)堤與(yu)防浪林;有(you)紀念98抗洪(hong)勝(sheng)利的(de)(de)(de)洞庭(ting)閣,此外(wai)(wai)還有(you)悠(you)久的(de)(de)(de)船文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、知青文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、美(mei)食文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、詩歌文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、儺文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)等,文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)資源(yuan)多(duo)姿(zi)多(duo)彩,人(ren)文(wen)(wen)薈萃。公(gong)園內外(wai)(wai)的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史、濕地文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)風景資源(yuan)具(ju)有(you)很高的(de)(de)(de)科學教育和旅游價(jia)值。