湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)涔槐國家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園,地(di)(di)(di)處武陵山(shan)脈向洞庭湖(hu)(hu)平(ping)(ping)原過(guo)渡地(di)(di)(di)帶的(de)(de)(de)澧縣境內(nei),是以涔水(shui)永久性河流(liu)和(he)山(shan)門(men)水(shui)庫(ku)、王(wang)家廠(chang)水(shui)庫(ku)庫(ku)塘(tang)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)為主體(ti),以自然河流(liu)、庫(ku)塘(tang)、河心洲灘、洪(hong)泛平(ping)(ping)原濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、沼澤和(he)環湖(hu)(hu)森林(lin)組成的(de)(de)(de)庫(ku)塘(tang)-河流(liu)復合型(xing)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)生態系(xi)統(tong),規劃(hua)面積2776公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),其中(zhong)(zhong)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面積2406.7公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),占濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園總面積的(de)(de)(de)86.63%。公(gong)(gong)園濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)分為河流(liu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)和(he)人(ren)工濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)兩大濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)類,永久性河流(liu)、洪(hong)泛平(ping)(ping)原濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、庫(ku)塘(tang)和(he)水(shui)產養殖場四大濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)型(xing)。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園呈南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)走向,最(zui)(zui)北(bei)(bei)(bei)端(duan)至山(shan)門(men)水(shui)庫(ku)的(de)(de)(de)北(bei)(bei)(bei)端(duan)尾閭,最(zui)(zui)南(nan)(nan)端(duan)至王(wang)家廠(chang)水(shui)庫(ku)大壩。其地(di)(di)(di)理坐標(biao)為東經111°27′28″~111°32′33″,北(bei)(bei)(bei)緯29°45′28″~29°54′56″之(zhi)間,南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)長17.50千米,東西寬8.16千米,總面積2778.0公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)。屬中(zhong)(zhong)亞熱(re)(re)帶向北(bei)(bei)(bei)亞熱(re)(re)帶過(guo)度的(de)(de)(de)季風性濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)潤氣候區,雨量充沛,光照充足,冬無嚴寒(han),夏無酷暑。年均氣溫16.0℃,最(zui)(zui)高氣溫39.5℃,最(zui)(zui)低氣溫-14.0℃。年日照時(shi)數在1700小(xiao)時(shi)以上,年均無霜期288天,年均降水(shui)量1530毫米,年均相對(dui)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度83%。公(gong)(gong)園外圍(wei)涉及王(wang)家廠(chang)、火連坡、閘口(kou)(kou)、方(fang)石(shi)(shi)坪等(deng)4個(ge)鄉(鎮(zhen))21個(ge)村(cun)(cun)人(ren)口(kou)(kou)3.8萬(wan)余人(ren),公(gong)(gong)園內(nei)無常住人(ren)口(kou)(kou),包括王(wang)家廠(chang)鎮(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)大興村(cun)(cun)、雙慶村(cun)(cun)、偏估(gu)佬(lao)林(lin)場、生產街(jie)居委(wei)會、建設街(jie)居委(wei)會、黃木村(cun)(cun),火連坡鎮(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)金山(shan)村(cun)(cun)、古(gu)臺村(cun)(cun),閘口(kou)(kou)鄉的(de)(de)(de)沿溪村(cun)(cun)、蘆(lu)橋(qiao)村(cun)(cun)、花(hua)園村(cun)(cun)、丫(ya)角村(cun)(cun)、石(shi)(shi)莊村(cun)(cun)、新橋(qiao)村(cun)(cun)、羊(yang)耳村(cun)(cun)、古(gu)城村(cun)(cun),方(fang)石(shi)(shi)坪鎮(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)楊家灣村(cun)(cun)、柳樹村(cun)(cun)、樅楊村(cun)(cun)、龍(long)神潭村(cun)(cun)、球山(shan)村(cun)(cun)共21個(ge)行政村(cun)(cun)(居委(wei)會)。
湖南(nan)涔(cen)(cen)槐國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)濕地公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)組(zu)成(cheng)主(zhu)體(ti)為(wei)王(wang)家(jia)(jia)(jia)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)門水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku),最高海(hai)拔(ba)為(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)門水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)120米(mi)(mi),最低(di)海(hai)拔(ba)為(wei)王(wang)家(jia)(jia)(jia)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)大(da)(da)壩(ba)泄洪口71米(mi)(mi)。王(wang)家(jia)(jia)(jia)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)始建(jian)(jian)于(yu)1958年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),位于(yu)澧(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)支流涔(cen)(cen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中游澧(li)(li)縣王(wang)家(jia)(jia)(jia)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)鎮上(shang)游1千(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)處,是一(yi)座以防洪、灌溉為(wei)主(zhu),結合(he)養殖、航運(yun)等(deng)綜合(he)利(li)用(yong)的(de)(de)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)(II)型水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku),1960年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),總(zong)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)容2.78億立方米(mi)(mi),正(zheng)常(chang)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)容2.0億立方米(mi)(mi),集(ji)雨(yu)面(mian)積(ji)484平(ping)方千(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi),占全流域面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)41%,壩(ba)址以上(shang)河(he)長(chang)48.5千(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi),河(he)道坡降3.5‰。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)建(jian)(jian)有(you)壩(ba)后式電(dian)站,裝機(ji)3臺1360千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)機(ji)組(zu),多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均發電(dian)量915萬千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時。王(wang)家(jia)(jia)(jia)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)調(diao)度系(xi)統(tong)是國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)防總(zong)在1998年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)全國(guo)16座大(da)(da)型水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)進行(xing)的(de)(de)洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)調(diao)度系(xi)統(tong)工程(cheng)試點(dian)之一(yi),洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)調(diao)度系(xi)統(tong)工程(cheng)于(yu)1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)4月(yue)1日投入試運(yun)行(xing),擔負著澧(li)(li)陽平(ping)原2.3萬公(gong)頃農田(tian)的(de)(de)灌溉和下游100萬人(ren)(ren)口、6.7萬公(gong)頃耕(geng)地的(de)(de)防洪保安任務。山(shan)(shan)(shan)門水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)位于(yu)澧(li)(li)縣閘口鄉的(de)(de)大(da)(da)垱口,王(wang)家(jia)(jia)(jia)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)上(shang)游,攔截涔(cen)(cen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)支流九河(he)灣(wan)溪河(he)形成(cheng)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)大(da)(da)壩(ba)外兩座大(da)(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)緊鎖有(you)如一(yi)扇天然的(de)(de)大(da)(da)門,因而得名"山(shan)(shan)(shan)門水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)"。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)始建(jian)(jian)于(yu)1975年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),1976年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)竣(jun)工蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),其正(zheng)常(chang)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)容0.92億立方米(mi)(mi),控制集(ji)雨(yu)面(mian)積(ji)35.41平(ping)方千(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi),流域多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降雨(yu)量1277毫米(mi)(mi),灌溉面(mian)積(ji)0.39萬公(gong)頃。山(shan)(shan)(shan)門水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源豐富,庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)區(qu)內(nei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)無任何污染,連續多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)達(da)到Ⅲ類水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi),是澧(li)(li)縣重要的(de)(de)生活飲用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源。公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)群(qun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)環抱,景(jing)色秀美,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)濺(jian)銀(yin)花,湖光迷人(ren)(ren)。王(wang)家(jia)(jia)(jia)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)門水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)和涔(cen)(cen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)作為(wei)濕地公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)景(jing)觀主(zhu)體(ti),串聯起濱湖地帶的(de)(de)森林景(jing)觀、田(tian)園(yuan)(yuan)景(jing)觀和村落,營造了豐富多(duo)樣(yang)的(de)(de)復合(he)濕地系(xi)統(tong)和濕地景(jing)觀,形成(cheng)了融(rong)多(duo)種風(feng)(feng)格為(wei)一(yi)體(ti)的(de)(de)沿(yan)河(he)風(feng)(feng)光帶。