發展歷史
武(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)又名北湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、黃(huang)漢湖(hu)(hu)(hu)。在(zai)長江(jiang)(jiang)北岸(an),跨湖(hu)(hu)(hu)北省武(wu)(wu)(wu)漢市的(de)黃(huang)陂區武(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)街道(dao),歷史上的(de)武(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu),煙波浩渺,南通(tong)長江(jiang)(jiang),北連灄水,是演練(lian)水軍的(de)理想之(zhi)所。早在(zai)2000年(nian)前,武(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)便以“武(wu)(wu)(wu)”出(chu)名。據《廣輿》記載:東漢江(jiang)(jiang)夏(xia)太(tai)守黃(huang)祖常率領水軍到湖(hu)(hu)(hu)中操練(lian),并將(jiang)其坐騎拴在(zai)附近的(de)辛(xin)店馬場(chang)廟,而被湖(hu)(hu)(hu)水浸濕的(de)鎧甲(jia)(jia),則晾(liang)曬在(zai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)心島的(de)山坡上。后來晾(liang)甲(jia)(jia)的(de)小山坡名為(wei)晾(liang)甲(jia)(jia)山,黃(huang)漢湖(hu)(hu)(hu)則更名為(wei)武(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)。因這里是水陸(lu)通(tong)達長江(jiang)(jiang)的(de)五通(tong)口岸(an),軍事要沖,土(tu)地(di)又肥(fei)美,歷來成為(wei)兵(bing)家必(bi)爭之(zhi)地(di)。東漢末年(nian),名將(jiang)黃(huang)祖在(zai)此(ci)(ci)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)練(lian)武(wu)(wu)(wu)、練(lian)兵(bing),命名武(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)。此(ci)(ci)后,三(san)國(guo)名將(jiang)文(wen)聘(pin)、孫權(quan)、孫壹,東晉朱伺,南朝(chao)(chao)梁武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di),宋朝(chao)(chao)管(guan)如(ru)德(de),元朝(chao)(chao)伯(bo)顏,元末天(tian)完政權(quan)倪文(wen)俊、明朝(chao)(chao)開國(guo)將(jiang)領、濟陽(yang)郡公(gong)丁(ding)普郎、民國(guo)胡龍驤等人(ren)都曾(ceng)在(zai)此(ci)(ci)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)畔練(lian)武(wu)(wu)(wu)。
武湖規模
河流堰塞(sai)湖。水位(wei)21.00m,長8.8km,最(zui)大寬5.3km,平(ping)(ping)均寬2.4km;歷史最(zui)大面(mian)積237.0平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里(li),50年(nian)代(dai)初為(wei)121.2平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里(li),60年(nian)代(dai)后期減為(wei)55.2平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里(li),經多次(ci)圍墾(ken)后現有面(mian)積21.2平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里(li);最(zui)大水深4.2m,平(ping)(ping)均水深2.6m,蓄水量0.55億立方(fang)米(mi)。
湖(hu)(hu)(hu)北(bei)省(sheng)武(wu)(wu)(wu)漢(han)市黃陂區(qu)武(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu),因“武(wu)(wu)(wu)”得名(ming),因“文”添彩,因“綠”增輝。黃陂南(nan)部武(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)生(sheng)態農(nong)業園區(qu)涉及(ji)我區(qu)近(jin)100平方公里。武(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)農(nong)耕(geng)年(nian)華生(sheng)態農(nong)業園,經過(guo)幾年(nian)建設,已經形(xing)成了(le)全國知(zhi)名(ming)、全省(sheng)樣(yang)板的種類(lei)結合科(ke)技農(nong)業示范園區(qu)。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)占(zhan)地面積(ji)現已突(tu)破(po)5萬畝。以(yi)(yi)武(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、后(hou)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、木蘭湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、梅竹松湖(hu)(hu)(hu)等為(wei)(wei)依托,發(fa)展(zhan)以(yi)(yi)觀(guan)光(guang)(guang)漁業、觀(guan)光(guang)(guang)水禽為(wei)(wei)主要特色(se)的水上生(sheng)態觀(guan)光(guang)(guang)農(nong)業。
武湖水鄉
武湖水(shui)(shui)鄉(xiang)位于(yu)武湖街中部,緊鄰泵站河,在漢施公路以(yi)(yi)北、三里橋(qiao)街道以(yi)(yi)南,,項(xiang)(xiang)目計劃集(ji)并張灣(wan)(wan)、王(wang)新泗、周灣(wan)(wan)、蔡家咀、扇子湖等5個自(zi)然灣(wan)(wan),面積1927畝。該項(xiang)(xiang)目依托(tuo)水(shui)(shui)資源營造花田濕地、夢(meng)幻水(shui)(shui)鄉(xiang)特色(se),注入(ru)農(nong)墾文(wen)化,打造以(yi)(yi)觀光(guang)旅游(you)、農(nong)業(ye)體驗、養生度(du)假和商務休閑(xian)為主導的主題(ti)旅游(you)服(fu)務體系(xi)。
“武湖煙(yan)漲(zhang)”為黃陂十景(jing)之(zhi)一,傳說昔(xi)日武湖以奇特的自然景(jing)觀著稱。每(mei)逢(feng)清晨,水(shui)氣升騰,濃霧繚繞,形成(cheng)“水(shui)漲(zhang)船頭(tou)曉霧橫,拍波(bo)(bo)鴻鶩弄春晴(qing)”的壯(zhuang)麗景(jing)觀。迨至夕照銜山,又是(shi)“最愛晚霞剛幾點,晴(qing)光萬里霎(sha)時(shi)橫”之(zhi)滿湖煙(yan)罩殘霞的景(jing)色(se)。唐(tang)朝崔顥詠黃鶴樓詩中“煙(yan)波(bo)(bo)江上”之(zhi)煙(yan)波(bo)(bo)即是(shi)描寫此景(jing)。規劃在張灣村內建設(she)煙(yan)波(bo)(bo)花園,利用科技手段再現煙(yan)波(bo)(bo)之(zhi)景(jing)。
武(wu)湖(hu)自(zi)然保護區屬于(yu)亞熱帶濕(shi)潤季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)候區,冬(dong)冷夏熱,四季(ji)分明(ming),光照充(chong)(chong)足,氣(qi)候溫濕(shi),雨量充(chong)(chong)沛,無(wu)(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)長。區內年(nian)平均氣(qi)溫16.7度,年(nian)平均降雨量1240毫米,是湖(hu)北(bei)省(sheng)多(duo)(duo)雨區之一,年(nian)平均降水(shui)(shui)日數(shu)138.2天(tian),暴雨日數(shu)為6.5天(tian),無(wu)(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)267天(tian)。夏秋(qiu)季(ji)為豐水(shui)(shui)期(qi),汛期(qi)來水(shui)(shui)量多(duo)(duo)達2.3億立方米,冬(dong)春季(ji)為枯水(shui)(shui)期(qi),水(shui)(shui)深2米,形(xing)成(cheng)灘(tan)涂、沼澤(ze),與人(ren)工濕(shi)地相連(lian)的(de)(de)生(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong),為濕(shi)地水(shui)(shui)禽提供(gong)優良的(de)(de)避風(feng)場所,使這里成(cheng)為鳥類(lei)的(de)(de)天(tian)堂。
武湖(hu)地(di)(di)區人為(wei)(wei)活動(dong)少,無污染,水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)優良。根(gen)據1999年國家(jia)對(dui)地(di)(di)表水(shui)環(huan)境質(zhi)(zhi)量檢(jian)測(ce)標(biao)準,檢(jian)測(ce)武湖(hu)水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)無論是PH值、硫(liu)酸鹽、硝酸鹽、亞硝酸鹽、氧(yang)化(hua)物(wu)、溶(rong)解性(xing)鐵、溶(rong)解氧(yang),還是化(hua)學需氧(yang)量和生(sheng)化(hua)需氧(yang)量都達到了(le)(le)國家(jia)地(di)(di)表水(shui)二級以上水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)準。水(shui)環(huan)境的(de)物(wu)理和化(hua)學性(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)真實地(di)(di)反映了(le)(le)武湖(hu)具有水(shui)草(cao)茂盛,湖(hu)水(shui)清澈,人為(wei)(wei)活動(dong)干擾極小的(de)特點(dian),是一個結(jie)構合理、功能齊全的(de)優良淡水(shui)湖(hu)泊生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)統(tong)。保護區及周(zhou)邊生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境保持著自然或(huo)半(ban)自然狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai),為(wei)(wei)水(shui)生(sheng)動(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)提(ti)供(gong)了(le)(le)極佳的(de)棲育(yu)場所(suo)。
生物資源
武(wu)(wu)湖濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)自然(ran)保護(hu)區野(ye)生動(dong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)豐(feng)富,武(wu)(wu)湖地(di)(di)區共有(you)兩棲類(lei)(lei)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),爬行類(lei)(lei)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),哺乳類(lei)(lei)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)29種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),鳥類(lei)(lei)103種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),維(wei)管束植物(wu)(wu)(wu)476種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。國家二(er)級重點保護(hu)的野(ye)生植物(wu)(wu)(wu)粗梗(geng)水(shui)(shui)蕨種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)(qun)規模極大,豐(feng)富的自然(ran)資(zi)(zi)源及得天獨厚的濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生態系(xi)統(tong)具(ju)有(you)極高的保護(hu)價值。水(shui)(shui)產類(lei)(lei):計有(you)魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)90種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中鯉科(ke)49種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),魚(yu)(yu)產以“武(wu)(wu)湖銀(yin)(yin)魚(yu)(yu)”久享(xiang)盛(sheng)譽,是(shi)(shi)省內重要漁(yu)業基(ji)地(di)(di)之(zhi)一。武(wu)(wu)湖不僅是(shi)(shi)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)重要的鳥類(lei)(lei)天堂,也是(shi)(shi)特有(you)的魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)故鄉。分(fen)布(bu)有(you)短頜鱭、長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)銀(yin)(yin)魚(yu)(yu)、河北圓口鲴、擬尖(jian)頭鲌、團頭魴、武(wu)(wu)昌(chang)副沙(sha)鰍(qiu)、紫薄(bo)鰍(qiu)、似(si)刺(ci)鳊鮈、亮銀(yin)(yin)鮈、光唇(chun)蛇鮈、細體擬鲿、黑尾魚(yu)(yu)央等長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)特有(you)魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei),還有(you)日本鰻鱺、鳤、鳡等珍貴(gui)洄游魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)。這(zhe)里(li)植被類(lei)(lei)型(xing)多,水(shui)(shui)生植物(wu)(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)源豐(feng)富。水(shui)(shui)生植被生態類(lei)(lei)型(xing)屬挺(ting)水(shui)(shui)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)有(you)22種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、沉水(shui)(shui)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、浮葉(xie)型(xing)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、漂浮型(xing)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),群(qun)(qun)落種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)有(you)9個,群(qun)(qun)落中主要優(you)勢(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為菰、苦(ku)草(cao)、黑藻、菱(ling)、聚草(cao)和馬來(lai)眼子菜。真正是(shi)(shi)“湖汊(cha)交錯魚(yu)(yu)遨游,水(shui)(shui)清草(cao)美鳥翔集”,“彩霞與白鷺齊飛,碧(bi)水(shui)(shui)共藍天一色”。透過濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)這(zhe)一幅(fu)幅(fu)人與自然(ran)和睦相處的畫面(mian)。
水生植物
水生植物(wu)60年(nian)代(dai)前(qian)有80多種(zhong),至80年(nian)代(dai)降至51種(zhong),常(chang)見(jian)種(zhong)有金魚藻、菱(ling)、芡、菰、馬來(lai)眼子菜、苦草、黑藻等,平(ping)均生物(wu)量(liang)3 800g/平(ping)方米,生物(wu)現存量(liang)62 900~73 983t
浮游植物
見有浮游藻(zao)(zao)類(lei)27科42屬,其中硅藻(zao)(zao)門(men)(men)9科13屬,綠藻(zao)(zao)門(men)(men)7科11屬,藍藻(zao)(zao)門(men)(men)4科7屬,其余(yu)各(ge)門(men)(men)藻(zao)(zao)類(lei)7科8屬,年(nian)均數量89.3×104ind./L,生物量0.38mg/L
浮游動物
浮游動物32屬,年均數(shu)量709ind./L,生物量1.7mg/L
底棲生物
底棲動(dong)物24種(zhong),其中(zhong)軟體動(dong)物17種(zhong),節肢動(dong)物5種(zhong),環節動(dong)物2種(zhong),平均數量250.5ind./平方米,生(sheng)物量71.9g/平方米
生態環境
湖(hu)區屬(shu)北亞熱帶季風氣(qi)候(hou),年(nian)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)16.3℃,1月平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)3.2℃,極端(duan)最低氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)-12.9℃,7月平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)28.6℃,極端(duan)最高氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)39.6℃。多年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)無(wu)霜(shuang)期258d,降水(shui)(shui)量1 171mm,蒸(zheng)發量1 586mm。年(nian)均(jun)風速2.0~3.0m/s。湖(hu)水(shui)(shui)依賴北岸10余條區間溪流(liu)和湖(hu)面降水(shui)(shui)補給,集水(shui)(shui)面積562.0平(ping)(ping)方公里,補給系數26.5。出流(liu)經雙河(he)口(kou)于陽邏附近排入長江。年(nian)均(jun)水(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)18.7℃,1月平(ping)(ping)均(jun)水(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)4℃左右,7月平(ping)(ping)均(jun)水(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)32℃。湖(hu)水(shui)(shui)黃綠色,透明度1.5m,pH值8.1,總硬度10.7德國度,礦化(hua)度169.5 mg/L。陰離(li)子以(yi)HCO3-為主,含(han)量103.7mg/L;陽離(li)子以(yi)Ca2+居首位,含(han)量22.9mg/L,屬(shu)重碳酸鹽類鈣(gai)組Ⅰ型水(shui)(shui)。DO8.1mg/L,COD5.33mg/L,NO3--N0.08mg/L,SiO21.02 mg/L,TN1.08mg/L,TP0.11mg/L。