芒果视频

基本介紹

倒馬關，因山路(lu)險(xian)峻，戰馬到此經常要摔倒而得(de)名。

原(yuan)關(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)全(quan)長約(yue)2．5公里，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池占地約(yue)7萬平方(fang)米(mi)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻底寬6米(mi)，頂寬4米(mi)，高約(yue)10米(mi)。關(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為條(tiao)石(shi)和自然石(shi)加青(qing)磚(zhuan)筑成，東西(xi)(xi)二門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)上有城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)(lou)，外以溝壕環繞，南面(mian)依山(shan)，北臨唐(tang)(tang)河(he)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣上列敵樓(lou)(lou)臺(tai)7座(zuo)。關(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有東、西(xi)(xi)、北三個城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，東門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)稱“居(ju)仁”，西(xi)(xi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)稱“由羲”，北門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)稱“宣威”。東西(xi)(xi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)外各設(she)甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，東甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設(she)有南北二門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。西(xi)(xi)甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)僅設(she)南門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)一(yi)座(zuo)，出(chu)南門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)往西(xi)(xi)約(yue)百(bai)米(mi)處唐(tang)(tang)河(he)岸邊(bian)設(she)水關(guan)戰(zhan)臺(tai)樓(lou)(lou)一(yi)座(zuo)，樓(lou)(lou)下設(she)有關(guan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，是由下城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)通往上城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)惟一(yi)通道。北門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)外原(yuan)設(she)戰(zhan)臺(tai)樓(lou)(lou)一(yi)座(zuo)，民國二十八年被洪水沖毀(hui)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)正街寬12米(mi)，十字街正中原(yuan)來(lai)建有兩層的(de)閱兵樓(lou)(lou)，樓(lou)(lou)上設(she)有十字通道，樓(lou)(lou)北為官署所在地，有大(da)堂(tang)(tang)、二堂(tang)(tang)、三堂(tang)(tang)。

實用信息

交通信息

乘坐661路至“倒(dao)馬關(guan)”站下

歷史沿革

倒(dao)(dao)(dao)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)置關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)較早，《戰國(guo)策》稱其為鴻上(shang)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，漢稱常山關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。但(dan)目前(qian)可見到的(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)于(yu)修建倒(dao)(dao)(dao)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)記載，都是(shi)明朝的(de)。倒(dao)(dao)(dao)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)分上(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)下城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，上(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)明洪武初年(nian)修建的(de)，后(hou)改名上(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)口(kou)；下城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)即(ji)今倒(dao)(dao)(dao)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。現倒(dao)(dao)(dao)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)鄉政府院內，保存著一塊已從(cong)中折斷的(de)漢白玉石碑(bei)，為《倒(dao)(dao)(dao)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)建城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)碑(bei)》。碑(bei)文(wen)記載了(le)1465年(nian)修建倒(dao)(dao)(dao)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)情況(kuang)。由此可知(zhi)，倒(dao)(dao)(dao)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)始建于(yu)1452年(nian)，后(hou)又于(yu)1465年(nian)又進行了(le)一次大規模的(de)修建。倒(dao)(dao)(dao)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，周長約2.5公里，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)底寬6米，頂(ding)寬4米，高(gao)約10米，墻(qiang)為黃土夯筑(zhu)(zhu)外砌磚(zhuan)石。關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東、西、北設有3個城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門。關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建筑(zhu)(zhu)設計獨(du)特，它依(yi)峭壁，傍(bang)深澗，一半在溝谷，一半在山上(shang)，整座關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)依(yi)地勢而建，唐河(he)水由西、北、東三面環繞(rao)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)而流。山、水、關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在這(zhe)里相得益彰(zhang)，互為險阻。古人謀(mou)略之深，設防之嚴，建筑(zhu)(zhu)之奇，令人嘆為觀止。

據《畿輔(fu)通志》記載，倒(dao)馬(ma)(ma)關(guan)(guan)在河(he)北(bei)(bei)唐(tang)縣(xian)西北(bei)(bei)60公里，山(shan)路險峻，馬(ma)(ma)為(wei)之倒(dao)，故而(er)得名。倒(dao)馬(ma)(ma)關(guan)(guan)位于太行山(shan)東麓，北(bei)(bei)臨內長城，背靠唐(tang)河(he)。東南為(wei)險要的(de)十八(ba)盤嶺。自古以來，倒(dao)馬(ma)(ma)關(guan)(guan)就為(wei)戰略要沖。據《后漢(han)書》記載，建武十五（公元39年）年，因匈奴常犯東漢(han)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)邊境，東漢(han)政(zheng)府遷徙雁門(men)、代郡、上谷三郡居民于常山(shan)關(guan)(guan)（倒(dao)馬(ma)(ma)關(guan)(guan)）、居庸(yong)關(guan)(guan)以東地方居住，防止匈奴的(de)侵擾，由此可見倒(dao)馬(ma)(ma)關(guan)(guan)的(de)屏障(zhang)作用。

倒馬關處于一條(tiao)古老(lao)的通(tong)道(dao)(dao)上，這(zhe)條(tiao)道(dao)(dao)稱為“靈丘道(dao)(dao)”。《魏書(shu)·高(gao)祖紀》載，太(tai)和六年（公(gong)元482年）曾調集州(zhou)郡5萬(wan)人修治靈丘道(dao)(dao)。靈丘道(dao)(dao)北起平城（山西大同市東北），南(nan)(nan)越(yue)恒(heng)山，自靈丘以(yi)下，略循今(jin)唐(tang)河谷道(dao)(dao)出(chu)太(tai)行山，南(nan)(nan)抵中山（今(jin)河北定縣），是當時山西高(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)北部通(tong)向華北平原(yuan)(yuan)的交(jiao)通(tong)要道(dao)(dao)，倒馬關就是這(zhe)條(tiao)道(dao)(dao)路(lu)上的重要關隘。

明朝馬中錫《倒馬關(guan)詩并序》中說：“關(guan)有兩山對峙，其路極險(xian)，相(xiang)傳楊六(liu)郎(lang)到(dao)此馬踣(bo)，故名。”后(hou)人為紀(ji)念(nian)楊延(yan)昭(zhao)（六(liu)郎(lang)）鎮守三(san)關(guan)的(de)功(gong)績，于明正德(de)十五年(nian)（公元(yuan)1520年(nian)），在(zai)(zai)倒馬關(guan)城西(xi)3公里的(de)馬圈山上(shang)修(xiu)建了(le)“六(liu)郎(lang)碑”。碑通體高1.8米，寬(kuan)60厘米，為漢(han)白玉雕鑿而(er)成，碑額抹角及兩邊(bian)(bian)(bian)雕云紋(wen)花邊(bian)(bian)(bian)圖案。碑文為：“宋將楊六(liu)郎(lang)拒守之處。”楊延(yan)昭(zhao)是(shi)并州（今山西(xi)太原）人，宋真宗時為保(bao)州（今河北保(bao)定）緣邊(bian)(bian)(bian)都(dou)巡檢使，后(hou)因(yin)與遼兵作戰有功(gong)升(sheng)為保(bao)州防御(yu)使。楊延(yan)昭(zhao)在(zai)(zai)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)防鎮守20余年(nian)，遼兵甚為畏(wei)懼(ju)，千百(bai)年(nian)來(lai)，許(xu)多文人學(xue)士(shi)到(dao)倒馬關(guan)憑吊六(liu)郎(lang)碑，稱(cheng)頌(song)吟懷楊六(liu)郎(lang)威鎮邊(bian)(bian)(bian)關(guan)的(de)不朽業(ye)績。