宋(song)(song)(song)(song)寧(ning)宗慶元四年(nian)(1198年(nian))十(shi)(shi)月十(shi)(shi)六(liu)日,江(jiang)萬里生(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)今江(jiang)西(xi)省都昌縣陽(yang)峰鄉(xiang)共(gong)升府(fu)前(qian)村,名臨,字子遠(yuan),號古(gu)心,萬里是(shi)其(qi)(qi)出(chu)仕(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)的(de)用名。與弟江(jiang)萬載、江(jiang)萬頃因為(wei)(wei)先(xian)后(hou)(hou)科(ke)(ke)(ke)舉(ju)高(gao)(gao)中(zhong),且又(you)都登仕(shi)(shi)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)庭高(gao)(gao)官(guan)(guan),最(zui)后(hou)(hou)又(you)先(xian)后(hou)(hou)殉國(guo)(guo),被(bei)時人(ren)(ren)和后(hou)(hou)世雅稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)江(jiang)氏“三(san)古(gu)”或江(jiang)氏“三(san)昆玉”。南(nan)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)著(zhu)名愛國(guo)(guo)丞(cheng)相,民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)英雄,是(shi)南(nan)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)末(mo)年(nian)仕(shi)(shi)林和文(wen)(wen)壇領袖,中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)十(shi)(shi)三(san)世紀(ji)著(zhu)名的(de)政(zheng)治家和教育家。一(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)獨自(zi)創(chuang)立三(san)所高(gao)(gao)等學(xue)府(fu),為(wei)(wei)古(gu)今中(zhong)外之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)第(di)一(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren),尤其(qi)(qi)是(shi)其(qi)(qi)所創(chuang)辦的(de)白鷺洲書院,延(yan)續千(qian)年(nian),在中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)科(ke)(ke)(ke)舉(ju)時代(dai)共(gong)培養出(chu)文(wen)(wen)天(tian)(tian)(tian)祥等十(shi)(shi)七(qi)位狀(zhuang)元,2700多名進(jin)士(shi),書院所在的(de)江(jiang)西(xi)吉安科(ke)(ke)(ke)舉(ju)中(zhong)選人(ren)(ren)數(shu)幾近此(ci)后(hou)(hou)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)千(qian)年(nian)科(ke)(ke)(ke)舉(ju)的(de)一(yi)(yi)半,被(bei)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)千(qian)年(nian)“文(wen)(wen)章節義之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邦”為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)代(dai)書院之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)最(zui)。江(jiang)萬里為(wei)(wei)官(guan)(guan)清廉,敢言直諫,無論朝官(guan)(guan)還是(shi)放任地(di)方府(fu)省均政(zheng)績(ji)斐然(ran),為(wei)(wei)官(guan)(guan)府(fu)和百(bai)姓所稱(cheng)道;一(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)雖屢受權(quan)奸排擠(ji),屢遭罷貶,而(er)(er)始(shi)(shi)終不(bu)(bu)(bu)畏權(quan)奸,不(bu)(bu)(bu)泯憂國(guo)(guo)愛民(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心;在南(nan)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)末(mo)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)矛盾激(ji)化,國(guo)(guo)家危難(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)際(ji),始(shi)(shi)則(ze)“手培國(guo)(guo)本(ben),力濟時艱”,“但見拳(quan)(quan)拳(quan)(quan)于(yu)國(guo)(guo)事,未嘗汲(ji)汲(ji)于(yu)身(shen)(shen)(shen)謀”,“極(ji)力破權(quan)門(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)死黨(dang),奮(fen)身(shen)(shen)(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)善類之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齊盟,精白一(yi)(yi)心,創(chuang)切(qie)百(bai)奏,風彩聳聞于(yu)列辟,霜棱愈棱于(yu)內(nei)臺,其(qi)(qi)序升橫(heng)榻(ta)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)班,以增重(zhong)本(ben)朝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勢(shi)”,“以淳心正學(xue),輔國(guo)(guo)視政(zheng),起賢遠(yuan)識,為(wei)(wei)時奇艾,若朝廷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)典(dian)章,軍國(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機務,生(sheng)(sheng)民(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)休戚,政(zheng)治之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得失,皆常履而(er)(er)知(zhi)矣”當其(qi)(qi)窮(qiong)盡(jin)一(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng),年(nian)老(lao)體弱,無力補天(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時,則(ze)“從容坐(zuo)守,以為(wei)(wei)民(min)(min)望(wang)”“死不(bu)(bu)(bu)離(li)城”繼而(er)(er)“去生(sheng)(sheng)就死,義節忠(zhong)肝”恨“生(sheng)(sheng)面被(bei)執,為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恥”,“憤國(guo)(guo)家云之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亡,恥腥膻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)移,雖神林故鄉(xiang)可以終其(qi)(qi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)年(nian),旦(dan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)肯為(wei)(wei),而(er)(er)況于(yu)屈身(shen)(shen)(shen)事虜者哉!”最(zui)終“左(zuo)右攜孫,自(zi)為(wei)(wei)紛紛,父忠(zhong)子孝(xiao),兄貞弟烈,天(tian)(tian)(tian)義婦順,笑赴(fu)止(zhi)水”“從之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者同知(zhi)君,積尸如疊,不(bu)(bu)(bu)審其(qi)(qi)偕老(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)媛,而(er)(er)婢仆亦爭以盡(jin)”。在國(guo)(guo)破家亡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)際(ji),江(jiang)萬里與其(qi)(qi)子江(jiang)鎬,毅然(ran)率180多家人(ren)(ren)投止(zhi)水池殉國(guo)(guo),希望(wang)以自(zi)己(ji)及家人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)死喚醒“天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)忠(zhong)義節烈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)聞風而(er)(er)起,聚集(ji)萬千(qian)眾人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力,保(bao)江(jiang)山社稷(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)移腥膻,道德文(wen)(wen)章不(bu)(bu)(bu)墮宇內(nei)”,其(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)堪稱(cheng)古(gu)今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)完人(ren)(ren),千(qian)古(gu)道德風范之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)楷模。
宋嘉定(ding)十五年(nian)(1222年(nian)),江萬里(li)貢(gong)入大(da)(da)學(xue),太子(zi)(zi)(zi)趙昀(宋理(li)宗(zong))極為(wei)(wei)(wei)賞識,曾書(shu)(shu)“江萬里(li)”三(san)字(zi)于(yu)幾(ji)硯之(zhi)(zhi)間。寶慶二(er)年(nian)(1226年(nian))以舍選登進士(shi)第,所作策論(lun),《郭(guo)子(zi)(zi)(zi)儀(yi)單騎見虎(hu)》文中表露對郭(guo)子(zi)(zi)(zi)儀(yi)的膽識和愛國(guo)情操仰慕之(zhi)(zhi)情,主(zhu)(zhu)考官閱卷(juan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)情,欣然批道:“立(li)意新而措詞妙,高古(gu)(gu)文也(ye)。”寶慶六(liu)年(nian),以舍選出身,任池(chi)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)教授。后召(zhao)館試,歷任著作佐(zuo)郎(lang),權尚(shang)左郎(lang)官兼樞密院檢詳文字(zi)。嘉熙四年(nian)(1240年(nian))出知吉(ji)(ji)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)軍(jun)(jun),其(qi)所作《勸(quan)農詩》云:“父老(lao)前來吾(wu)語爾,官民相近古(gu)(gu)遺風(feng)。欲知太守樂(le)(le)其(qi)樂(le)(le),樂(le)(le)在(zai)(zai)田家歡笑中。”從政之(zhi)(zhi)余,特(te)別熱心教育。淳(chun)祜(hu)元年(nian)(1241年(nian))于(yu)吉(ji)(ji)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)治(zhi)廬陵縣城東贛江之(zhi)(zhi)心,創建白鷺(lu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)書(shu)(shu)院,廣泛收(shou)藏(zang)圖書(shu)(shu),收(shou)授門(men)徒(tu)。奏聞(wen)朝(chao)廷(ting)(ting),理(li)宗(zong)御(yu)(yu)書(shu)(shu)賜(si)匾(bian)額“白鷺(lu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)書(shu)(shu)院”。當時(shi)書(shu)(shu)院沒有(you)另任山長,他(ta)(ta)自主(zhu)(zhu)其(qi)事(shi)(shi),自為(wei)(wei)(wei)諸(zhu)生講(jiang)授,忘其(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)府。后人為(wei)(wei)(wei)他(ta)(ta)立(li)碑,表彰他(ta)(ta)的辦(ban)學(xue)功(gong)道:江萬里(li)創白鷺(lu)書(shu)(shu)院,使(shi)“縉紳(即(ji)官宦代稱)德之(zhi)(zhi),吏(li)民憐之(zhi)(zhi),悍卒(勇猛之(zhi)(zhi)人)化之(zhi)(zhi)”。第二(er)年(nian),遷(qian)直(zhi)秘(mi)閣,知隆(long)興府,又在(zai)(zai)隆(long)興府建宗(zong)濂精(jing)舍,廣聚生徒(tu),講(jiang)學(xue)其(qi)中。奏聞(wen)朝(chao)廷(ting)(ting),理(li)宗(zong)又親賜(si)書(shu)(shu)御(yu)(yu)書(shu)(shu)匾(bian)額。這期間,他(ta)(ta)還囑告南安知軍(jun)(jun)林壽(shou)公在(zai)(zai)其(qi)軍(jun)(jun)治(zhi)大(da)(da)庾縣源三(san)先生祠(祀周(zhou)(zhou)敦頤,程頤,程顥)擴建為(wei)(wei)(wei)周(zhou)(zhou)程書(shu)(shu)院。因辦(ban)學(xue)成績卓著,于(yu)淳(chun)祜(hu)三(san)年(nian)遷(qian)考功(gong)郎(lang)官,兼直(zhi)秘(mi)閣,主(zhu)(zhu)管健(jian)康府崇(chong)禧觀(guan)。不久,改任紹(shao)興府千秋鳴禧觀(guan),后又以駕部郎(lang)官召(zhao),遷(qian)尚(shang)右兼侍講(jiang)。五年(nian)(1245年(nian))三(san)月,與理(li)宗(zong)談論(lun)諸(zhu)事(shi)(shi)得失,曾說:“君子(zi)(zi)(zi)只知有(you)事(shi)(shi)非,不知有(you)利害(hai)。”他(ta)(ta)秉性耿直(zhi),剛正不阿,十一(yi)月上書(shu)(shu)彈劾林光(guang)遷(qian)等依權附勢之(zhi)(zhi)徒(tu)。十二(er)月不顧主(zhu)(zhu)降派(pai)反(fan)對,勸(quan)說理(li)宗(zong)啟用趙葵主(zhu)(zhu)持兵事(shi)(shi),陳韋(wei)單主(zhu)(zhu)持財政,使(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)戰派(pai)一(yi)度得以執掌朝(chao)政,為(wei)(wei)(wei)此屢遭主(zhu)(zhu)降派(pai)攻擊。六(liu)年(nian),他(ta)(ta)升(sheng)遷(qian)監察御(yu)(yu)史兼侍講(jiang),未幾(ji),又升(sheng)殿中侍御(yu)(yu)史。這時(shi)的江萬里(li),“器望清峻,論(lun)議風(feng)采(cai),傾動(dong)于(yu)時(shi)。”但忤者嫉妒,謗言(yan)興起,言(yan)其(qi)母病未能(neng)及時(shi)到家送終(zhong),使(shi)其(qi)遭受酷罰,坐廢十二(er)年(nian)。
寶祐三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1255年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),由于陸(lu)德興(xing)為(wei)江萬(wan)里辨(bian)白而得以(yi)啟(qi)用(yong),任福(fu)建轉運(yun)使(shi)。開慶元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1259年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))正月,投入(ru)京(jing)湖宣撫(fu)大使(shi)賈(jia)(jia)似(si)(si)道(dao)(dao)幕下任參(can)謀官。十月賈(jia)(jia)似(si)(si)道(dao)(dao)入(ru)相,萬(wan)里同(tong)(tong)時入(ru)朝兼(jian)(jian)國(guo)子監祭灑,侍(shi)讀。景定元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1260年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))入(ru)對。遷刑部(bu)侍(shi)郎。不(bu)久(jiu),升吏部(bu)尚書。次年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1261年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))。進遷端(duan)明殿(dian)學(xue)士,同(tong)(tong)簽(qian)書樞(shu)密院院事兼(jian)(jian)太(tai)子賓客。這年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),萬(wan)里已年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)逾六(liu)十,是賈(jia)(jia)似(si)(si)道(dao)(dao)府中之任職最久(jiu)者。他(ta)(ta)開始雖府仰默客,為(wei)賈(jia)(jia)似(si)(si)道(dao)(dao)所用(yong),但他(ta)(ta)秉(bing)性(xing)耿直,臨(lin)事不(bu)能(neng)無言(yan)。賈(jia)(jia)似(si)(si)道(dao)(dao)惡(e)(討厭)其輕發(fa)(輕率,說話不(bu)夠慎(shen)重),經常(chang)觸(chu)怒賈(jia)(jia)似(si)(si)道(dao)(dao),故第每次都不(bu)能(neng)久(jiu)在(zai)其位。這年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。又(you)因言(yan)論(lun)而被解(jie)職,只以(yi)端(duan)明殿(dian)學(xue)士提(ti)臨(lin)安府洞霄(xiao)宮。至(zhi)景定四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),才以(yi)原職出任福(fu)州(zhou)知州(zhou)兼(jian)(jian)福(fu)建安撫(fu)使(shi)。
景(jing)定四年(nian)(nian)十一月(yue),宋度宗即位(wei),詔求直(zhi)言(yan)善諫之士(shi)(shi),召(zhao)江萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里回行(xing)都臨(lin)安(an)。咸淳(chun)元年(nian)(nian)(1265年(nian)(nian))二月(yue),任(ren)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里同知(zhi)樞密(mi)院事,兼(jian)參知(zhi)政事,又(you)與(yu)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)似(si)道同朝(chao)。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)似(si)道擅政后,位(wei)極(ji)人臣(chen),極(ji)力推行(xing)賣(mai)國張,使(shi)疆土日削(xue),國勢日危,萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里不能(neng)耐(nai)何,便于(yu)同年(nian)(nian)七月(yue),奏(zou)請(qing)歸(gui)田,未(wei)允。十二月(yue),賈(jia)(jia)(jia)似(si)道辭職要挾度宗,宋度宗涕泣,欲(yu)拜留,萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里當即以(yi)身掖(ye)帝云:“自(zi)(zi)古無此(ci)君臣(chen)禮(li),陛下不可拜。”又(you)一次(ci)觸怒(nu)了賈(jia)(jia)(jia)。帝在講筵,每(mei)問(wen)經史(shi)及(ji)古人姓(xing)名,賈(jia)(jia)(jia)不能(neng)對,萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里常從旁代答(da),使(shi)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)積怒(nu)而(er)謀(mou)逐出萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里。江萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里與(yu)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)似(si)道每(mei)每(mei)相忤,不得已四次(ci)上書求退(tui),于(yu)咸淳(chun)三年(nian)(nian)出知(zhi)太平(ping)州(zhou)(zhou)兼(jian)江東(dong)轉運(yun)使(shi),后又(you)轉湖南任(ren)安(an)撫(fu)大(da)使(shi),咸淳(chun)五年(nian)(nian),又(you)自(zi)(zi)湖南召(zhao)拜參知(zhi)政事,封南康郡公,剛到任(ren),又(you)拜左丞相兼(jian)樞密(mi)使(shi)。六年(nian)(nian),蒙古軍圍攻襄陽,萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里屢(lv)請(qing)派(pai)援軍救護,賈(jia)(jia)(jia)似(si)道不許,于(yu)是(shi)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里又(you)因此(ci)被(bei)委以(yi)觀文殿大(da)學士(shi)(shi)出知(zhi)福州(zhou)(zhou)兼(jian)福建安(an)撫(fu)大(da)使(shi),萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里堅持,依舊職提舉洞霄宮。
咸(xian)淳(chun)十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1274),元(yuan)兵大舉渡江(jiang),江(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)聞(wen)之(zhi)(zhi),泰然處之(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)走不(bu)(bu)(bu)逃(tao)。憤而(er)(er)怒曰:“大勢(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可支,余雖不(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)位,當(dang)與宋(song)嘉定十五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1222年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),江(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)貢(gong)入大學(xue)(xue),太子(zi)趙昀(宋(song)理(li)(li)宗)極為(wei)賞識,曾書(shu)(shu)“江(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)”三(san)(san)字(zi)于幾硯之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)。寶慶二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1226年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))以舍選(xuan)登(deng)進士第,所作策(ce)論(lun),《郭(guo)子(zi)儀單騎見虎(hu)》文中(zhong)表露對郭(guo)子(zi)儀的膽識和愛國情(qing)操仰慕(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)情(qing),主(zhu)考官(guan)(guan)(guan)閱卷(juan)為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)情(qing),欣然批道:“立(li)(li)意新而(er)(er)措(cuo)詞(ci)妙,高古文也。”寶慶六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),以舍選(xuan)出(chu)身,任(ren)(ren)池州教授。后(hou)召館(guan)試,歷任(ren)(ren)著作佐郎,權(quan)尚左郎官(guan)(guan)(guan)兼(jian)(jian)樞密院檢詳文字(zi)。嘉熙四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1240年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))出(chu)知(zhi)吉州軍,其所作《勸農詩》云:“父老前來吾語爾,官(guan)(guan)(guan)民相近古遺風(feng)。欲知(zhi)太守(shou)樂(le)其樂(le),樂(le)在(zai)田家(jia)歡(huan)笑中(zhong)。”從政(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)余,特別熱(re)心教育。淳(chun)祜元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1241年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))于吉州州治廬陵縣城東贛江(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)心,創建(jian)白鷺(lu)州書(shu)(shu)院,廣泛(fan)收藏圖書(shu)(shu),收授門(men)徒。奏(zou)聞(wen)朝廷(ting),理(li)(li)宗御書(shu)(shu)賜匾額“白鷺(lu)州書(shu)(shu)院”。當(dang)時(shi)書(shu)(shu)院沒(mei)有(you)另任(ren)(ren)山長,他(ta)自(zi)主(zhu)其事(shi)(shi),自(zi)為(wei)諸(zhu)(zhu)生講(jiang)授,忘其為(wei)大府(fu)(fu)。后(hou)人為(wei)他(ta)立(li)(li)碑,表彰他(ta)的辦(ban)學(xue)(xue)功(gong)道:江(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)創白鷺(lu)書(shu)(shu)院,使(shi)“縉(jin)紳(即官(guan)(guan)(guan)宦代稱)德(de)之(zhi)(zhi),吏民憐(lian)之(zhi)(zhi),悍卒(勇猛之(zhi)(zhi)人)化之(zhi)(zhi)”。第二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),遷(qian)直秘閣,知(zhi)隆興(xing)府(fu)(fu),又(you)在(zai)隆興(xing)府(fu)(fu)建(jian)宗濂(lian)精舍,廣聚生徒,講(jiang)學(xue)(xue)其中(zhong)。奏(zou)聞(wen)朝廷(ting),理(li)(li)宗又(you)親(qin)賜書(shu)(shu)御書(shu)(shu)匾額。這期間(jian),他(ta)還囑告南(nan)安知(zhi)軍林壽公在(zai)其軍治大庾(yu)縣源三(san)(san)先(xian)生祠(祀(si)周(zhou)敦頤,程(cheng)頤,程(cheng)顥)擴(kuo)建(jian)為(wei)周(zhou)程(cheng)書(shu)(shu)院。因辦(ban)學(xue)(xue)成績(ji)卓(zhuo)著,于淳(chun)祜三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)遷(qian)考功(gong)郎官(guan)(guan)(guan),兼(jian)(jian)直秘閣,主(zhu)管(guan)健康(kang)府(fu)(fu)崇禧觀(guan)(guan)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)久,改(gai)任(ren)(ren)紹興(xing)府(fu)(fu)千秋鳴禧觀(guan)(guan),后(hou)又(you)以駕部(bu)郎官(guan)(guan)(guan)召,遷(qian)尚右兼(jian)(jian)侍講(jiang)。五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1245年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))三(san)(san)月,與理(li)(li)宗談論(lun)諸(zhu)(zhu)事(shi)(shi)得失,曾說:“君子(zi)只知(zhi)有(you)事(shi)(shi)非,不(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)有(you)利害(hai)。”他(ta)秉性耿直,剛正不(bu)(bu)(bu)阿(a),十一月上(shang)書(shu)(shu)彈(dan)劾林光(guang)遷(qian)等依權(quan)附勢(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)徒。十二月不(bu)(bu)(bu)顧主(zhu)降(jiang)派(pai)反對,勸說理(li)(li)宗啟用趙葵(kui)主(zhu)持兵事(shi)(shi),陳韋單主(zhu)持財政(zheng),使(shi)主(zhu)戰派(pai)一度得以執掌(zhang)朝政(zheng),為(wei)此屢遭主(zhu)降(jiang)派(pai)攻擊(ji)。六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),他(ta)升遷(qian)監(jian)察御史(shi)兼(jian)(jian)侍講(jiang),未幾,又(you)升殿中(zhong)侍御史(shi)。這時(shi)的江(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li),“器望清峻,論(lun)議(yi)風(feng)采,傾動(dong)于時(shi)。”但(dan)忤(wu)者嫉妒,謗言(yan)興(xing)起,言(yan)其母病未能及(ji)時(shi)到家(jia)送(song)終,使(shi)其遭受(shou)酷罰,坐(zuo)廢十二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。
寶祐(you)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1255年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),由于陸德興為江萬(wan)(wan)里辨白(bai)而得(de)以(yi)啟用(yong),任(ren)福(fu)建(jian)轉運使。開慶元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1259年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))正(zheng)月,投入京湖(hu)宣撫(fu)大(da)使賈(jia)(jia)似(si)道(dao)幕下任(ren)參謀官。十月賈(jia)(jia)似(si)道(dao)入相,萬(wan)(wan)里同時入朝兼(jian)國(guo)子監祭灑(sa),侍(shi)讀。景定元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1260年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))入對。遷刑(xing)部(bu)侍(shi)郎(lang)。不(bu)(bu)久(jiu),升(sheng)吏(li)部(bu)尚(shang)書。次年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1261年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))。進遷端明(ming)殿學士(shi),同簽書樞密(mi)院院事兼(jian)太(tai)子賓(bin)客。這(zhe)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),萬(wan)(wan)里已年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)逾六(liu)十,是賈(jia)(jia)似(si)道(dao)府中之任(ren)職(zhi)最久(jiu)者。他開始雖府仰默客,為賈(jia)(jia)似(si)道(dao)所用(yong),但(dan)他秉性耿直,臨事不(bu)(bu)能(neng)無言。賈(jia)(jia)似(si)道(dao)惡(e)(討厭)其輕(qing)發(輕(qing)率,說話不(bu)(bu)夠慎重(zhong)),經常觸(chu)怒賈(jia)(jia)似(si)道(dao),故第每次都不(bu)(bu)能(neng)久(jiu)在其位(wei)。這(zhe)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。又因言論而被解(jie)職(zhi),只以(yi)端明(ming)殿學士(shi)提臨安府洞霄(xiao)宮。至景定四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),才以(yi)原(yuan)職(zhi)出任(ren)福(fu)州知州兼(jian)福(fu)建(jian)安撫(fu)使。
景定四年(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)月,宋(song)(song)度(du)宗即(ji)位,詔(zhao)求(qiu)直言善諫之士(shi),召(zhao)江萬(wan)里(li)(li)回行都臨安。咸淳(chun)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1265年(nian)(nian)(nian))二(er)月,任萬(wan)里(li)(li)同知樞(shu)密院事(shi),兼(jian)(jian)參知政事(shi),又與賈(jia)(jia)似道(dao)同朝(chao)。賈(jia)(jia)似道(dao)擅政后,位極人臣(chen),極力推行賣(mai)國張,使(shi)疆(jiang)土日削(xue),國勢日危,萬(wan)里(li)(li)不能耐何,便于(yu)同年(nian)(nian)(nian)七月,奏請(qing)歸田,未(wei)允。十(shi)(shi)二(er)月,賈(jia)(jia)似道(dao)辭(ci)職(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)挾度(du)宗,宋(song)(song)度(du)宗涕(ti)泣,欲拜(bai)(bai)留,萬(wan)里(li)(li)當即(ji)以身掖帝(di)云:“自古(gu)無此(ci)君臣(chen)禮,陛下不可拜(bai)(bai)。”又一(yi)次觸怒了(le)賈(jia)(jia)。帝(di)在講筵,每(mei)問經史及古(gu)人姓名,賈(jia)(jia)不能對,萬(wan)里(li)(li)常從(cong)旁代答,使(shi)賈(jia)(jia)積怒而謀(mou)逐(zhu)出萬(wan)里(li)(li)。江萬(wan)里(li)(li)與賈(jia)(jia)似道(dao)每(mei)每(mei)相忤,不得已四次上書求(qiu)退,于(yu)咸淳(chun)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)出知太(tai)平州(zhou)兼(jian)(jian)江東轉運使(shi),后又轉湖南任安撫(fu)大(da)使(shi),咸淳(chun)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian),又自湖南召(zhao)拜(bai)(bai)參知政事(shi),封南康郡(jun)公,剛到任,又拜(bai)(bai)左丞相兼(jian)(jian)樞(shu)密使(shi)。六年(nian)(nian)(nian),蒙(meng)古(gu)軍(jun)(jun)圍攻襄陽,萬(wan)里(li)(li)屢請(qing)派援軍(jun)(jun)救(jiu)護(hu),賈(jia)(jia)似道(dao)不許,于(yu)是萬(wan)里(li)(li)又因此(ci)被委以觀文殿大(da)學士(shi)出知福(fu)州(zhou)兼(jian)(jian)福(fu)建安撫(fu)大(da)使(shi),萬(wan)里(li)(li)堅持,依舊職(zhi)(zhi)提舉洞霄宮。
咸(xian)淳十(shi)年(1274),元兵(bing)大(da)舉渡江(jiang)(jiang),江(jiang)(jiang)萬里聞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),泰然(ran)處之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)走不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)逃(tao)。憤而怒(nu)曰:“大(da)勢不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)支,余雖不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)在位,當與(yu)國共存亡。”德(de)祐元年(1275),饒(rao)(rao)(rao)州城破(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri),正(zheng)是(shi)江(jiang)(jiang)萬里率(lv)(lv)子(zi)侄(zhi)多(duo)人投(tou)止(zhi)水自盡(jin)殉國之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時。朝(chao)(chao)野(ye)上下為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)震(zhen)動(dong),國人志士無(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)致哀,文(wen)(wen)(wen)天(tian)(tian)祥更(geng)(geng)是(shi)哭(ku)曰:“星抒臺(tai)(tai)衡地,斯文(wen)(wen)(wen)去矣(yi)休。湖(hu)光與(yu)天(tian)(tian)遠,屈注(zhu)滄(cang)江(jiang)(jiang)流。”后(hou)(hou)(hou)張世(shi)杰(jie)收復饒(rao)(rao)(rao)州,宋恭(gong)帝為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輟朝(chao)(chao)哀悼(dao),詔贈太(tai)傅(fu)、益(yi)(yi)國公。后(hou)(hou)(hou)加(jia)贈太(tai)師,謚號文(wen)(wen)(wen)忠。江(jiang)(jiang)萬里之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)門(men)人后(hou)(hou)(hou)學,或(huo)(huo)(huo)追(zhui)隨(sui)文(wen)(wen)(wen)天(tian)(tian)祥起兵(bing),或(huo)(huo)(huo)與(yu)義軍轉戰南(nan)北,或(huo)(huo)(huo)為(wei)岳麓書(shu)院諸生保(bao)衛潭州,或(huo)(huo)(huo)隱匿山林屢(lv)征(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)出,或(huo)(huo)(huo)就(jiu)教書(shu)院終老林泉。國共存亡。”德(de)祐元年(1275),饒(rao)(rao)(rao)州城破(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri),正(zheng)是(shi)江(jiang)(jiang)萬里率(lv)(lv)子(zi)侄(zhi)多(duo)人投(tou)止(zhi)水自盡(jin)殉國之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時。朝(chao)(chao)野(ye)上下為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)震(zhen)動(dong),國人志士無(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)致哀,文(wen)(wen)(wen)天(tian)(tian)祥更(geng)(geng)是(shi)哭(ku)曰:“星抒臺(tai)(tai)衡地,斯文(wen)(wen)(wen)去矣(yi)休。湖(hu)光與(yu)天(tian)(tian)遠,屈注(zhu)滄(cang)江(jiang)(jiang)流。”后(hou)(hou)(hou)張世(shi)杰(jie)收復饒(rao)(rao)(rao)州,宋恭(gong)帝為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輟朝(chao)(chao)哀悼(dao),詔贈太(tai)傅(fu)、益(yi)(yi)國公。后(hou)(hou)(hou)加(jia)贈太(tai)師,謚號文(wen)(wen)(wen)忠。江(jiang)(jiang)萬里之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)門(men)人后(hou)(hou)(hou)學,或(huo)(huo)(huo)追(zhui)隨(sui)文(wen)(wen)(wen)天(tian)(tian)祥起兵(bing),或(huo)(huo)(huo)與(yu)義軍轉戰南(nan)北,或(huo)(huo)(huo)為(wei)岳麓書(shu)院諸生保(bao)衛潭州,或(huo)(huo)(huo)隱匿山林屢(lv)征(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)出,或(huo)(huo)(huo)就(jiu)教書(shu)院終老林泉。
江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)一(yi)生歷兩朝,宦海幾度沉浮,先后(hou)任(ren)過吉州、隆興(xing)知府、駕御(yu)(yu)郎官(guan)(guan)、尚右(you)兼(jian)(jian)侍讀、監察御(yu)(yu)史、右(you)正言殿中待御(yu)(yu)史、左(zuo)丞相兼(jian)(jian)樞(shu)密使(shi),但他(ta)(ta)無論是位(wei)高權重(zhong)還是貶謫期間,始(shi)終不(bu)(bu)(bu)忘愛國,正所謂“屆廟(miao)堂之高,則憂其君;處江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)湖(hu)之遠,則憂其民(min)”。南(nan)宋(song)(song)理宗(zong)時,江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)任(ren)待御(yu)(yu)史,其母病危,江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)因(yin)公(gong)務繁(fan)忙不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)脫身,只(zhi)是派其弟回家(jia)探望,當他(ta)(ta)親自(zi)返家(jia)里(li)(li)(li),其母已病故。這(zhe)時,朝中有人誹議(yi)說他(ta)(ta)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)忠不(bu)(bu)(bu)孝(xiao)”,這(zhe)在(zai)當時可(ke)是不(bu)(bu)(bu)小的(de)罪狀(zhuang),江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)因(yin)此在(zai)家(jia)賦閑12年。宋(song)(song)度宗(zong)即位(wei),度宗(zong)念(nian)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)之遠見卓(zhuo)識,任(ren)命(ming)他(ta)(ta)擔任(ren)同知樞(shu)密院(yuan)事兼(jian)(jian)參(can)知政事,逢權臣賈(jia)(jia)似道得(de)寵,與賈(jia)(jia)曲阿(a)逢迎(ying)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同,江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)因(yin)剛直不(bu)(bu)(bu)阿(a)而為賈(jia)(jia)不(bu)(bu)(bu)容,江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)被(bei)(bei)再(zai)次(ci)罷官(guan)(guan)。南(nan)宋(song)(song)將亡,宋(song)(song)度宗(zong)再(zai)次(ci)想起曾被(bei)(bei)自(zi)己譽為“國之柱石”的(de)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li),遂任(ren)命(ming)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)為左(zuo)丞相兼(jian)(jian)樞(shu)密院(yuan)使(shi)。江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)一(yi)身領兩府,加上時局(ju)維艱,公(gong)務更為繁(fan)忙。因(yin)湖(hu)北襄陽被(bei)(bei)元兵圍(wei)困,臨安危在(zai)旦夕(xi)(軍事家(jia)有“襄陽破,南(nan)宋(song)(song)亡”之說),江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)力主抗元,提(ti)出襄陽解圍(wei)良策(ce),與賈(jia)(jia)似道相抵觸(chu)被(bei)(bei)再(zai)度罷官(guan)(guan)。罷官(guan)(guan)賦閑后(hou)的(de)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)對(dui)前來(lai)探望的(de)學(xue)生文天祥執(zhi)手相看淚眼,囑予國事并(bing)寄予殷切的(de)希望。
作(zuo)為(wei)著名(ming)學(xue)者,史(shi)書(shu)稱江(jiang)萬(wan)里(li)“問學(xue)德望(wang),優于諸臣”,“議論風采,傾動一(yi)時”,是(shi)歷史(shi)公(gong)認的(de)(de)與(yu)歐(ou)(ou)陽修、司(si)馬(ma)光(guang)齊(qi)名(ming)的(de)(de)歷史(shi)文(wen)(wen)化名(ming)人,文(wen)(wen)天(tian)祥(xiang)稱江(jiang)萬(wan)里(li)“都范(范仲俺)、馬(ma)(司(si)馬(ma)光(guang))之望(wang)于一(yi)身”。文(wen)(wen)天(tian)祥(xiang)曾在《賀江(jiang)左丞相(xiang)除湖南安撫(fu)使判(pan)潭洲》一(yi)文(wen)(wen)中對江(jiang)萬(wan)里(li)的(de)(de)學(xue)問名(ming)節有過精(jing)彩的(de)(de)評述(shu):“……修名(ming)偉節,以日月為(wei)明,泰山為(wei)高;奧學(xue)精(jing)言,為(wei)天(tian)地立(li)(li)心,生(sheng)民立(li)(li)命(ming)……”江(jiang)萬(wan)里(li)壯烈(lie)殉國后(hou),門生(sheng)劉(liu)辰(chen)翁(weng)(著名(ming)愛國詩人)在《江(jiang)文(wen)(wen)忠公(gong)祠堂(tang)記》中說(shuo):“自斯(si)文(wen)(wen)一(yi)變而(er)(er)至歐(ou)(ou)公(gong),再變而(er)(er)至先生(sheng)……其(qi)好士(shi)似(si)歐(ou)(ou)公(gong)”論諫似(si)歐(ou)(ou)公(gong),變文(wen)(wen)體似(si)歐(ou)(ou)公(gong),而(er)(er)又得謚(shi)似(si)歐(ou)(ou)公(gong)”。
作為(wei)書院(yuan)教育家,江(jiang)萬里依然(ran)成就斐然(ran)。他(ta)先后創辦了(le)白鷺洲書院(yuan)、道(dao)源書院(yuan)、宗濂(lian)精舍(she)等三所書院(yuan),就是在被貶期間(jian)還被邀請(qing)到安徽(hui)黟縣石鼓寺講學(xue)。江(jiang)萬里一生獎掖(ye)人才,培養出了(le)一批以(yi)文天(tian)祥(xiang)為(wei)代表(biao)的(de)杰出人士,另(ling)外還有劉(liu)南圃、劉(liu)辰翁、歐陽(yang)守(shou)道(dao)、鄧光(guang)薦(jian)等都是他(ta)的(de)學(xue)生。