硯(yan)(yan)是(shi)中國傳統的(de)文(wen)書(shu)工具(ju)和(he)雕(diao)刻工藝(yi)相(xiang)結合的(de)特有的(de)藝(yi)術品(pin)，她體現了中國數千年歷史的(de)文(wen)化，對傳播民族文(wen)化藝(yi)術起(qi)著重要的(de)作用。自(zi)南唐始(shi)即把她和(he)筆(bi)、墨、紙合稱(cheng)為“文(wen)房四寶(bao)”。山(shan)東(dong)是(shi)古齊(qi)魯(lu)之邦，文(wen)化源遠流長(chang)。境(jing)內所產硯(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)，品(pin)類繁多；琢硯(yan)(yan)工藝(yi)，代有發展(zhan)，素有“齊(qi)筆(bi)魯(lu)硯(yan)(yan)”之美(mei)譽。魯(lu)硯(yan)(yan)，是(shi)山(shan)東(dong)各地所產硯(yan)(yan)種的(de)總(zong)稱(cheng)，有十(shi)多種，并(bing)久負盛(sheng)名。像紅絲石(shi)(shi)(shi)、淄石(shi)(shi)(shi)、徐公石(shi)(shi)(shi)、田橫石(shi)(shi)(shi)、尼山(shan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、金(jin)星(xing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、浮來(lai)山(shan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、龜石(shi)(shi)(shi)、燕子石(shi)(shi)(shi)等硯(yan)(yan)品(pin)早在唐宋時期(qi)就被(bei)視為稀世(shi)珍寶(bao)。西晉(jin)《博(bo)物(wu)志》有“天(tian)下名硯(yan)(yan)四十(shi)有一，以青州(zhou)紅絲石(shi)(shi)(shi)為第一”的(de)記(ji)載。
魯硯(yan)(yan)：泛指山東境內所產(chan)的(de)各(ge)種硯(yan)(yan)品，因(yin)山東古(gu)屬魯地(di)故以山東省(sheng)所產(chan)諸(zhu)硯(yan)(yan)石制成的(de)硯(yan)(yan)，通常簡稱為(wei)“魯硯(yan)(yan)”。
明確提出(chu)“魯硯”一詞在七十(shi)年代末，之前只有(you)單個(ge)硯品(pin)名稱(cheng)以(yi)紅(hong)絲石(shi)(shi)為代表如(ru)；臨朐青(qing)州紅(hong)絲石(shi)(shi)、淄博淄石(shi)(shi)、曲阜(fu)尼(ni)山(shan)石(shi)(shi)、臨沂徐(xu)公石(shi)(shi)、莒縣浮萊石(shi)(shi)、田橫石(shi)(shi)、駝基石(shi)(shi)、金星石(shi)(shi)、溫石(shi)(shi)等計有(you)十(shi)三個(ge)品(pin)種遍布(bu)山(shan)東境內臨朐等十(shi)余(yu)個(ge)縣市(shi)區(qu)。
在魯硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)制作傳承過程(cheng)中，藝(yi)人(ren)充分(fen)運用和(he)發揮各(ge)種硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)材(cai)的(de)(de)色紋(wen)、形(xing)態(tai)等方面的(de)(de)自然特點(dian)，因材(cai)施(shi)藝(yi)、寓粗巧(qiao)于簡樸，逐漸形(xing)成了巧(qiao)用天工(gong)、簡樸大(da)方、文化底蘊豐厚、藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)風格鮮明等特色，“出(chu)新意于法(fa)度(du)之(zhi)中，寄(ji)妙理于豪放之(zhi)外(wai)”，在硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)林中不斷(duan)創新的(de)(de)輝煌。近年來，魯硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)制作中涌現(xian)的(de)(de)《聽竹硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)》、《黃(huang)河(he)情硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)》、《甲骨硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)》、《相思硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)》，鬼斧神工(gong)，技壓(ya)群(qun)芳(fang)，享(xiang)譽國內(nei)外(wai)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)壇。其中的(de)(de)《聽竹硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)》作為(wei)國禮贈送來華訪問的(de)(de)明仁天皇;《相思硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)》等三件(jian)(套)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)作被(bei)評為(wei)國家工(gong)藝(yi)美術(shu)(shu)珍(zhen)品;“唐詩三百硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”開創了中國大(da)型系列硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)文化的(de)(de)先河(he)，讓人(ren)一飽硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)福。1978年魯硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)第一次進(jin)京(jing)展(zhan)出(chu)，當代學者(zhe)(zhe)趙樸初、畫家李苦禪、書法(fa)家馬(ma)千(qian)里等人(ren)紛紛題(ti)辭祝賀。1979年在廣交會和(he)日本東(dong)京(jing)舉行的(de)(de)魯硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)展(zhan)產生(sheng)轟動(dong)，并開始出(chu)口日本、東(dong)南亞等地(di)，被(bei)越(yue)來越(yue)多的(de)(de)國內(nei)外(wai)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)文化愛(ai)好者(zhe)(zhe)珍(zhen)重和(he)收藏。
西晉。張(zhang)華《博物志(zhi)》：“天下名硯(yan)四十(shi)有一(yi)，以(yi)青(qing)州紅絲石為第一(yi)。”唐代顏(yan)真卿、柳公權著(zhu)作均有記載。宋代唐彥猷《硯(yan)錄》、高似蓀《硯(yan)箋》、米芾《硯(yan)史(shi)》高南(nan)阜《硯(yan)史(shi)》.亦(yi)都有著(zhu)述.魯(lu)硯(yan)石質、色澤、紋彩、天然形(xing)狀等(deng)方面，各具特點。一(yi)九七九年石可先生寫了《魯(lu)硯(yan)》、《魯(lu)硯(yan)譜》
兩部專(zhuan)著。詳細記述和品(pin)評了山東各種硯(yan)品(pin)的(de)歷史、產地(di)、硯(yan)材質(zhi)地(di)，并明確提出了關于‘魯硯(yan)’充分(fen)發揮(hui)各種硯(yan)材色、紋、形(xing)態(tai)等方(fang)(fang)面的(de)自然特點，因材施藝，寓精(jing)巧于簡樸之中，形(xing)成了樸實、大方(fang)(fang)、簡潔的(de)獨特的(de)藝術(shu)風格和今后的(de)發展方(fang)(fang)向。
魯(lu)(lu)硯(yan)(yan)為山東境內所產硯(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)成(cheng)硯(yan)(yan)臺的通稱，唐、宋時(shi)期(qi)即享盛名。主要(yao)硯(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的品類(lei)有(you)；紅絲石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、紫金石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、淄石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、鼉磯石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、徐公石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、溫石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、田橫(heng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、尼山石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、金星石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、薛南(nan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、浮來山石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、龜(gui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、燕子石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等品種，用以(yi)上諸(zhu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)成(cheng)的硯(yan)(yan)統稱為魯(lu)(lu)硯(yan)(yan)。另外柘(zhe)溝澄泥硯(yan)(yan)也應納入魯(lu)(lu)硯(yan)(yan)范圍。
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