永濟(ji)市伍(wu)姓(xing)湖(hu)(hu)濕地(di)(di)自然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)緊鄰山西(xi)(xi)(xi)省西(xi)(xi)(xi)南端(duan)永濟(ji)市區(qu)(qu)(qu)。以伍(wu)姓(xing)湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)面(mian)為中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin),西(xi)(xi)(xi)接市區(qu)(qu)(qu)東(dong)外環路,東(dong)到涑水(shui)河與(yu)姚(yao)暹渠交(jiao)叉入(ru)湖(hu)(hu)口,南臨中(zhong)(zhong)條山下運風旅游路,北至(zhi)運風高(gao)速路以北約1.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)里處(chu)。東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)長7.2公(gong)(gong)(gong)里,南北寬5.9公(gong)(gong)(gong)里。總控(kong)制面(mian)積38平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)(gong)里,其中(zhong)(zhong)核心(xin)水(shui)面(mian)11.3平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)(gong)里,是(shi)山西(xi)(xi)(xi)乃至(zhi)華北半干旱地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)罕見的一(yi)座大型濕地(di)(di)。保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)內有多種鳥類及野(ye)生植物,是(shi)許多珍稀鳥類遷徙的棲息地(di)(di)和中(zhong)(zhong)轉(zhuan)站。為有效的保(bao)護濕地(di)(di)生態(tai)系統(tong)和野(ye)生動植物,開發生態(tai)旅游,永濟(ji)市人(ren)民政府(fu)于2010年9月批準成立了(le)伍(wu)姓(xing)湖(hu)(hu)濕地(di)(di)保(bao)護開發領(ling)導組,負責濕地(di)(di)的保(bao)護,科(ke)研科(ke)普,開發利用等工作。
伍(wu)姓(xing)(xing)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)其(qi)實沒有(you)十分清晰的湖(hu)(hu)(hu)界(jie),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)多則湖(hu)(hu)(hu)面(mian)(mian)大(da)(da),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)少則湖(hu)(hu)(hu)面(mian)(mian)小。1959年湖(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位最高,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)容積達4555.6萬立(li)方(fang)米。據多年監測,伍(wu)姓(xing)(xing)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)積一(yi)般在10平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里至(zhi)20平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里,最大(da)(da)時可(ke)達40平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里;水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深1米到(dao)3米,最大(da)(da)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深達到(dao)過4米(1956年)。1946年,連(lian)續干(gan)(gan)旱曾(ceng)導致(zhi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)干(gan)(gan)涸。20世紀(ji)60年代(dai),上游涑水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河、姚(yao)暹渠興(xing)建多座(zuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫,70年代(dai)周邊地區(qu)大(da)(da)面(mian)(mian)積開采地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),加之氣候干(gan)(gan)旱少雨,致(zhi)伍(wu)姓(xing)(xing)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)長期(qi)干(gan)(gan)涸無水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),變(bian)成荒(huang)灘(tan)。后來尊村(cun)引黃泵站建成運行,實施(shi)大(da)(da)面(mian)(mian)積灌溉,加之降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)的增多,伍(wu)姓(xing)(xing)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)內復(fu)又蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),并利(li)用其(qi)有(you)限(xian)的湖(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)發(fa)展起水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)產漁業。
翻看歷史文獻,一(yi)個煙(yan)波(bo)(bo)(bo)浩渺(miao)、風景如畫(hua)的大(da)湖(hu)迎面(mian)而(er)來。明代襄(xiang)垣人(ren)王(wang)子(zi)俊曾在伍(wu)姓(xing)湖(hu)旁建(jian)起別(bie)墅(shu),并自記(ji)曰:“煙(yan)波(bo)(bo)(bo)渺(miao)彌,沙鳥上下,秋則蘆(lu)花(hua)吹雪,夏(xia)則蓮葉披云,把(ba)釣浮舟(zhou)開窗待月,村樵漁子(zi)共話(hua)田園”描繪出(chu)當時湖(hu)岸四周(zhou)(zhou)山水依(yi)傍(bang)、耕讀(du)漁樵的美好生活(huo)。明版《永(yong)濟(ji)縣志·伍(wu)姓(xing)湖(hu)》記(ji)載(zai):“湖(hu)旁昔多樓臺,居人(ren)環繞,每夏(xia)荷花(hua)盡發,燦若霞錦,雜以綠萍、紅蓼、漁人(ren)、罟(gu)師,水鳧鷺(lu),疑(yi)乃間作(zuo),飛浴相翔,致為勝(sheng)觀”也印證了王(wang)子(zi)俊所記(ji)。公元(yuan)1813年(nian),清(qing)代蒲(pu)州知府周(zhou)(zhou)景柱主(zhu)持對湖(hu)塘(tang)挑挖疏浚,并作(zuo)賦《伍(wu)姓(xing)湖(hu)歌》:“湖(hu)波(bo)(bo)(bo)泮淼不(bu)知遠,澄作(zuo)汪汪千頃波(bo)(bo)(bo)。平開鏡面(mian)天上下,靴紋(wen)屈織鋪琉璃……”這(zhe)位周(zhou)(zhou)知府筆下的伍(wu)姓(xing)湖(hu),儼然可與江南魚米之鄉洞庭(ting)、鄱陽媲美。