廖均(jun)卿(qing)(1350——1413),字兆保,號玉峰,江西(xi)省興國縣(xian)梅窖鄉(xiang)三僚(liao)村人。明永樂八(ba)年,以(yi)(yi)建明十三陵(ling)之長陵(ling)有(you)(you)功,被(bei)封(feng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)欽天(tian)監靈臺博士。撰(zhuan)有(you)(you)《行程記》等。永樂五年,由禮(li)部尚書趙羾(gong)引均(jun)卿(qing)入京(jing)選擇陵(ling)址(zhi)。時經(jing)兩(liang)年,終于(yu)(yu)擇取北(bei)(bei)京(jing)西(xi)郊昌平東(dong)北(bei)(bei)的(de)黃土山(shan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)陵(ling)區(qu)。于(yu)(yu)是(shi)成祖即日(ri)車(che)駕臨(lin)視,封(feng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)壽山(shan),并授均(jun)卿(qing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)靈臺博士,開始建陵(ling)。陵(ling)寢建成,均(jun)卿(qing)不(bu)(bu)愿再封(feng)官(guan)(guan)(guan)受(shou)(shou)金,成祖便賜(si)其紙扇一(yi)柄,并題詩云:“江西(xi)一(yi)老叟(sou),腹內藏星(xing)斗。斷下(xia)金石(shi)鯉,果中神仙口。賜(si)官(guan)(guan)(guan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)不(bu)(bu)要,賜(si)金金不(bu)(bu)受(shou)(shou)。賜(si)爾一(yi)清(qing)風,任卿(qing)天(tian)下(xia)走。”此之后北(bei)(bei)京(jing)故(gu)宮大皇(huang)城(cheng)的(de)勘測也出自于(yu)(yu)廖均(jun)卿(qing)之手(shou)。廖均(jun)卿(qing)因此被(bei)皇(huang)帝以(yi)(yi)四品(pin)職銜供養至(zhi)老死,他(ta)的(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)地至(zhi)今(jin)還在三僚(liao)村的(de)半山(shan)腰上。這座蘊蕆(chan)著很多(duo)奧秘(mi)的(de)古代墓(mu)(mu)(mu)穴,走勢猶(you)如(ru)猛虎下(xia)山(shan),氣(qi)宇軒昂。1984年廖均(jun)卿(qing)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)被(bei)確定(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)興國縣(xian)文物保護單位。
精通風水
據《興國(guo)衣錦三(san)(san)僚廖(liao)氏族譜》記載(zai),明永(yong)樂(le)五年(1407年),明成(cheng)祖的(de)(de)徐(xu)(xu)皇后(hou)病(bing)故,明成(cheng)祖早已想遷都(dou)北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing),便(bian)(bian)將徐(xu)(xu)皇后(hou)棺材暫時安放(fang)于(yu)南(nan)京(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)皇宮(gong)內,命令禮部尚書趙羾等大臣,遍訪精(jing)通(tong)風(feng)水人士。當時訪得江西贛州府興國(guo)縣(xian)三(san)(san)僚村的(de)(de)廖(liao)均卿,因他的(de)(de)先祖廖(liao)三(san)(san)傳(chuan)是唐(tang)朝著名風(feng)水大師楊(yang)救貧的(de)(de)傳(chuan)人,廖(liao)均卿被召(zhao)傳(chuan)南(nan)京(jing)(jing)后(hou),先察(cha)看(kan)了在南(nan)京(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)孝陵風(feng)水之(zhi)后(hou),便(bian)(bian)到北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)找(zhao)風(feng)水寶地(di),察(cha)看(kan)了京(jing)(jing)西燕臺驛(yi)、玉泉山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、譚柘寺、香山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),又察(cha)看(kan)了京(jing)(jing)北(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)陽(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茶湖嶺和懷(huai)柔(rou)的(de)(de)洪羅山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、百(bai)葉山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),先后(hou)又察(cha)看(kan)了辛家莊、斧口(kou)、谷(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、文家莊、石門驛(yi)、湯泉、禪峰寺,遍鑒了京(jing)(jing)郊之(zhi)后(hou),于(yu)永(yong)樂(le)五年六(liu)月(yue)(yue)初一(yi)(yi)前往昌平黃(huang)土山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(即后(hou)來的(de)(de)天壽山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)十(shi)三(san)(san)陵所在地(di))登(deng)高縱目(mu),見(jian)該(gai)處風(feng)水絕妙,為他處所不及,便(bian)(bian)繪成(cheng)地(di)圖,于(yu)八月(yue)(yue)初一(yi)(yi)日到南(nan)京(jing)(jing)上朝,獻上地(di)圖,并建議明成(cheng)祖親臨黃(huang)土山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)觀察(cha),希望明成(cheng)祖“高張慧(hui)目(mu),廣(guang)邁皇風(feng)”,并說,如將皇陵定于(yu)此處,則“玉燭清明,并三(san)(san)辰而永(yong)耀(yao);金符浩(hao)蕩,亙萬(wan)古以(yi)長存:國(guo)祚無(wu)疆,邦家有慶”。
初見皇陵
明成祖(zu)聽了(le)非常高興(xing),決定(ding)初八日吉辰與各風(feng)水(shui)師(shi)一同(tong)往黃土(tu)(tu)山定(ding)穴位(wei)。當(dang)時(shi)(shi)還有另外兩(liang)名(ming)知名(ming)風(feng)水(shui)大師(shi)王侃、巫(wu)涯(ya),他們也各自上(shang)了(le)奏(zou)本。明成祖(zu)在比較之后,決定(ding)采納廖(liao)均(jun)卿建議(yi)。初八日半夜子時(shi)(shi),明成祖(zu)將幾位(wei)風(feng)水(shui)大師(shi)召到面前,說王侃、巫(wu)涯(ya)所(suo)定(ding)穴位(wei)不對(dui),廖(liao)均(jun)卿所(suo)定(ding)穴位(wei)最好(hao),當(dang)時(shi)(shi)賞賜了(le)廖(liao)均(jun)卿金(jin)劍一把(ba)、銀(yin)鋤一張,讓他去(qu)點穴,隨及開(kai)挖了(le)金(jin)井(就是埋棺材的穴位(wei)),同(tong)時(shi)(shi),明成祖(zu)下令將黃土(tu)(tu)山改名(ming)為天(tian)壽山,便(bian)高高興(xing)興(xing)回南京(jing)去(qu)了(le)。
建造故事
到(dao)了永樂八(ba)年(nian),明(ming)(ming)(ming)成(cheng)祖又召見(jian)諸位(wei)風(feng)水(shui)大(da)師,問天(tian)壽山(shan)(shan)皇陵的穴(xue)位(wei)工(gong)程進(jin)展如何?眾大(da)臣奏道,廖(liao)(liao)(liao)均(jun)(jun)卿(qing)戲(xi)弄朝(chao)廷(ting),他(ta)挖傷(shang)了地脈(mo),穴(xue)位(wei)涌泉(quan)不止。明(ming)(ming)(ming)成(cheng)祖就問廖(liao)(liao)(liao)均(jun)(jun)卿(qing)這(zhe)是(shi)怎么回事?廖(liao)(liao)(liao)均(jun)(jun)卿(qing)說(shuo),這(zhe)是(shi)真龍的聚處,穴(xue)法無偏(pian),只要皇帝(di)親(qin)臨(lin)其處,泉(quan)水(shui)立即(ji)停(ting)(ting)止。明(ming)(ming)(ming)成(cheng)祖一聽覺(jue)得很(hen)是(shi)神(shen)奇,便叫大(da)臣們看了一個好日(ri)子,帶了文武官員和廖(liao)(liao)(liao)均(jun)(jun)卿(qing)等人從南(nan)京(jing)出(chu)發前(qian)往北京(jing)天(tian)壽山(shan)(shan)。但明(ming)(ming)(ming)成(cheng)祖到(dao)了穴(xue)位(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)處,看見(jian)泉(quan)水(shui)依然在噴,龍顏(yan)大(da)怒,責問廖(liao)(liao)(liao)均(jun)(jun)卿(qing)為(wei)(wei)何戲(xi)弄于他(ta)。廖(liao)(liao)(liao)均(jun)(jun)卿(qing)不慌不忙回答說(shuo):我(wo)還沒有喝山(shan)(shan)呢(ni),只要臣幾聲一喊,把羅(luo)盤下地一照,泉(quan)水(shui)便會立即(ji)停(ting)(ting)止。明(ming)(ming)(ming)成(cheng)祖說(shuo),那就依你所(suo)奏,快(kuai)快(kuai)喝山(shan)(shan)。廖(liao)(liao)(liao)均(jun)(jun)卿(qing)當即(ji)擺好架式,向(xiang)山(shan)(shan)上喝道:“山(shan)(shan)家二十(shi)四(si)向(xiang),土地、龍祖、天(tian)星、地曜、二十(shi)八(ba)宿,祖師楊救貧、曾文山(shan)(shan),廖(liao)(liao)(liao)禹公(gong),今廖(liao)(liao)(liao)均(jun)(jun)卿(qing)為(wei)(wei)永樂圣主(zhu)立萬年(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)基業,千載之(zhi)(zhi)皇陵,萬里(li)山(shan)(shan)河皆(jie)歸圣主(zhu),現在皇帝(di)御(yu)駕親(qin)臨(lin),著令泉(quan)水(shui)立即(ji)停(ting)(ting)止,如改違抗,是(shi)為(wei)(wei)逆天(tian)大(da)罪,必受(shou)天(tian)譴。”
故事結局
說來也(ye)怪,廖均(jun)(jun)卿(qing)還未(wei)喊完,金井(jing)內的泉(quan)水果然立(li)即(ji)停止(zhi)。明成(cheng)(cheng)祖龍心(xin)大悅,正(zheng)待賞賜,卻見廖均(jun)(jun)卿(qing)又奏到(dao),泉(quan)下(xia)(xia)三(san)尺(chi)(chi),有石盆(pen)一(yi)個,石鯉(li)魚一(yi)對(dui),請萬歲立(li)即(ji)下(xia)(xia)令開挖(wa),明成(cheng)(cheng)祖當即(ji)下(xia)(xia)令往下(xia)(xia)探(tan)挖(wa),挖(wa)到(dao)三(san)尺(chi)(chi),果然挖(wa)出。這(zhe)時,明成(cheng)(cheng)祖不斷說道:“神了(le)!神了(le)!廖均(jun)(jun)卿(qing)非(fei)凡人,誠乃仙風道骨,喊山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)應,喊水水止(zhi),真乃朕(zhen)之奇遇也(ye)。”隨即(ji)下(xia)(xia)令賜廖均(jun)(jun)卿(qing)欽(qin)天監五(wu)品(pin)靈臺博士官。