廖(liao)均(jun)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(1350——1413),字兆保,號玉峰,江西(xi)省興(xing)國縣梅窖鄉三僚村人(ren)。明永(yong)(yong)樂(le)八年(nian),以建明十三陵(ling)之長陵(ling)有功,被封(feng)為欽天監靈臺博士(shi)。撰有《行程記》等。永(yong)(yong)樂(le)五(wu)年(nian),由禮部尚書(shu)趙羾引均(jun)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)入(ru)京選(xuan)擇陵(ling)址。時經兩年(nian),終于擇取(qu)北京西(xi)郊(jiao)昌平(ping)東北的黃土(tu)山(shan)為陵(ling)區。于是成(cheng)(cheng)祖(zu)即日車駕臨視,封(feng)為天壽山(shan),并授均(jun)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)為靈臺博士(shi),開始建陵(ling)。陵(ling)寢建成(cheng)(cheng),均(jun)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)不愿再封(feng)官(guan)(guan)受(shou)金(jin),成(cheng)(cheng)祖(zu)便賜(si)其紙扇一(yi)柄,并題詩(shi)云:“江西(xi)一(yi)老叟,腹內藏星斗。斷下金(jin)石鯉,果中神(shen)仙口。賜(si)官(guan)(guan)官(guan)(guan)不要,賜(si)金(jin)金(jin)不受(shou)。賜(si)爾一(yi)清風(feng),任卿(qing)(qing)(qing)天下走。”此之后北京故(gu)宮大皇城的勘測(ce)也出自于廖(liao)均(jun)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)之手。廖(liao)均(jun)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)因此被皇帝以四品職(zhi)銜供(gong)養至老死,他(ta)的墓地至今還在三僚村的半山(shan)腰上。這座蘊蕆著很多奧秘(mi)的古(gu)代(dai)墓穴,走勢猶如(ru)猛虎(hu)下山(shan),氣宇軒昂。1984年(nian)廖(liao)均(jun)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)墓被確定為興(xing)國縣文物保護單位。
精通風水
據《興國衣錦三僚(liao)廖(liao)氏族譜(pu)》記載,明(ming)永樂五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(1407年(nian)(nian)),明(ming)成(cheng)祖的(de)(de)(de)徐皇(huang)后(hou)病故(gu),明(ming)成(cheng)祖早已想遷(qian)都(dou)北京(jing),便(bian)(bian)將徐皇(huang)后(hou)棺材(cai)暫(zan)時安放于南京(jing)的(de)(de)(de)皇(huang)宮內,命令禮部尚書趙羾(gong)等大臣(chen),遍(bian)訪(fang)精通風水(shui)(shui)人士。當時訪(fang)得江西(xi)贛(gan)州府興國縣三僚(liao)村的(de)(de)(de)廖(liao)均(jun)卿,因他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)先祖廖(liao)三傳(chuan)是唐(tang)朝著名風水(shui)(shui)大師楊救貧的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)人,廖(liao)均(jun)卿被召傳(chuan)南京(jing)后(hou),先察(cha)看(kan)了(le)(le)在南京(jing)的(de)(de)(de)孝(xiao)陵(ling)(ling)風水(shui)(shui)之后(hou),便(bian)(bian)到北京(jing)找(zhao)風水(shui)(shui)寶(bao)地(di),察(cha)看(kan)了(le)(le)京(jing)西(xi)燕臺驛、玉泉(quan)山(shan)(shan)、譚柘寺、香山(shan)(shan),又察(cha)看(kan)了(le)(le)京(jing)北的(de)(de)(de)陽山(shan)(shan)茶湖嶺和懷柔的(de)(de)(de)洪羅山(shan)(shan)、百(bai)葉(xie)山(shan)(shan),先后(hou)又察(cha)看(kan)了(le)(le)辛家(jia)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)、斧口、谷山(shan)(shan)、文(wen)家(jia)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)、石門驛、湯泉(quan)、禪峰(feng)寺,遍(bian)鑒了(le)(le)京(jing)郊之后(hou),于永樂五(wu)年(nian)(nian)六月初(chu)一前往(wang)昌平黃土(tu)山(shan)(shan)(即后(hou)來的(de)(de)(de)天壽山(shan)(shan)十三陵(ling)(ling)所(suo)在地(di))登高(gao)縱(zong)目(mu),見該處(chu)風水(shui)(shui)絕(jue)妙,為他(ta)處(chu)所(suo)不及,便(bian)(bian)繪成(cheng)地(di)圖(tu),于八月初(chu)一日到南京(jing)上(shang)朝,獻(xian)上(shang)地(di)圖(tu),并建議明(ming)成(cheng)祖親臨黃土(tu)山(shan)(shan)觀察(cha),希望明(ming)成(cheng)祖“高(gao)張慧目(mu),廣邁(mai)皇(huang)風”,并說,如將皇(huang)陵(ling)(ling)定于此處(chu),則“玉燭清明(ming),并三辰而永耀;金符浩蕩,亙萬古以長存:國祚無(wu)疆,邦家(jia)有慶”。
初見皇陵
明成祖(zu)聽了非(fei)常高(gao)興(xing),決定(ding)初八日(ri)吉(ji)辰(chen)與(yu)各風(feng)水(shui)(shui)師(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)同往黃土(tu)山(shan)定(ding)穴位。當(dang)時(shi)還有(you)另(ling)外兩名(ming)知名(ming)風(feng)水(shui)(shui)大(da)(da)師(shi)王(wang)侃、巫(wu)涯,他(ta)們也各自上了奏(zou)本。明成祖(zu)在比(bi)較之(zhi)后,決定(ding)采納廖(liao)均卿(qing)建(jian)議。初八日(ri)半夜(ye)子時(shi),明成祖(zu)將(jiang)(jiang)幾位風(feng)水(shui)(shui)大(da)(da)師(shi)召到面前,說王(wang)侃、巫(wu)涯所(suo)定(ding)穴位不對,廖(liao)均卿(qing)所(suo)定(ding)穴位最好,當(dang)時(shi)賞賜了廖(liao)均卿(qing)金劍一(yi)(yi)(yi)把、銀鋤一(yi)(yi)(yi)張,讓(rang)他(ta)去點穴,隨(sui)及開挖了金井(jing)(就(jiu)是(shi)埋棺(guan)材的穴位),同時(shi),明成祖(zu)下令(ling)將(jiang)(jiang)黃土(tu)山(shan)改名(ming)為天壽山(shan),便高(gao)高(gao)興(xing)興(xing)回南京去了。
建造故事
到了(le)(le)(le)永(yong)樂八年,明(ming)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)又召見(jian)諸位(wei)風水大(da)師,問天壽山(shan)(shan)皇(huang)陵(ling)的穴(xue)位(wei)工程進展(zhan)如何?眾大(da)臣奏(zou)道,廖(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)卿(qing)(qing)戲(xi)(xi)弄朝廷,他挖傷(shang)了(le)(le)(le)地脈,穴(xue)位(wei)涌泉(quan)(quan)不(bu)(bu)止。明(ming)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)就問廖(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)卿(qing)(qing)這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)怎么(me)回(hui)(hui)事(shi)?廖(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)卿(qing)(qing)說(shuo),這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)真龍(long)的聚處(chu)(chu),穴(xue)法無偏,只要(yao)皇(huang)帝親臨其處(chu)(chu),泉(quan)(quan)水立(li)(li)即(ji)停(ting)止。明(ming)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)一(yi)(yi)聽覺得(de)很是(shi)(shi)神奇(qi),便(bian)(bian)叫大(da)臣們看了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)個好日子(zi),帶了(le)(le)(le)文(wen)武(wu)官員和(he)廖(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)卿(qing)(qing)等人從南(nan)京出(chu)發前(qian)往北(bei)京天壽山(shan)(shan)。但明(ming)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)到了(le)(le)(le)穴(xue)位(wei)之(zhi)處(chu)(chu),看見(jian)泉(quan)(quan)水依然在(zai)噴,龍(long)顏大(da)怒,責問廖(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)卿(qing)(qing)為(wei)(wei)何戲(xi)(xi)弄于他。廖(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)卿(qing)(qing)不(bu)(bu)慌不(bu)(bu)忙回(hui)(hui)答說(shuo):我還沒有喝(he)山(shan)(shan)呢,只要(yao)臣幾聲一(yi)(yi)喊,把(ba)羅盤下地一(yi)(yi)照,泉(quan)(quan)水便(bian)(bian)會(hui)立(li)(li)即(ji)停(ting)止。明(ming)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)說(shuo),那就依你所(suo)奏(zou),快快喝(he)山(shan)(shan)。廖(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)卿(qing)(qing)當即(ji)擺(bai)好架式(shi),向(xiang)(xiang)山(shan)(shan)上喝(he)道:“山(shan)(shan)家二(er)十(shi)四(si)向(xiang)(xiang),土(tu)地、龍(long)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、天星、地曜(yao)、二(er)十(shi)八宿(su),祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)師楊救貧、曾(ceng)文(wen)山(shan)(shan),廖(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)禹公,今廖(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)卿(qing)(qing)為(wei)(wei)永(yong)樂圣主立(li)(li)萬年之(zhi)基(ji)業(ye),千載(zai)之(zhi)皇(huang)陵(ling),萬里山(shan)(shan)河皆歸圣主,現在(zai)皇(huang)帝御駕親臨,著令泉(quan)(quan)水立(li)(li)即(ji)停(ting)止,如改違(wei)抗,是(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)逆天大(da)罪,必受(shou)天譴。”
故事結局
說來(lai)也(ye)怪,廖均(jun)(jun)卿(qing)還未喊完,金井內(nei)的泉水(shui)果(guo)然(ran)立(li)即停止(zhi)。明成祖龍心大(da)悅,正待(dai)賞賜,卻見(jian)廖均(jun)(jun)卿(qing)又奏(zou)到,泉下三尺,有石盆一(yi)個,石鯉魚一(yi)對,請萬(wan)歲立(li)即下令(ling)開(kai)挖,明成祖當即下令(ling)往下探挖,挖到三尺,果(guo)然(ran)挖出(chu)。這(zhe)時,明成祖不斷說道(dao):“神了!神了!廖均(jun)(jun)卿(qing)非凡人,誠乃仙風道(dao)骨,喊山山應,喊水(shui)水(shui)止(zhi),真乃朕之奇遇也(ye)。”隨即下令(ling)賜廖均(jun)(jun)卿(qing)欽天監(jian)五品靈(ling)臺博士官(guan)。