芒果视频

地理環境

位置

山(shan)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)四湖省(sheng)級自然保護區(qu)(qu)位于山(shan)東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)濟寧市微山(shan)縣(xian)、任(ren)城區(qu)(qu)、魚臺縣(xian)境內。地理坐標：34°27′一(yi)35°20'N，116°34'一(yi)117°E。

氣候

山東南四(si)湖省級自然保護區屬暖溫(wen)帶季風大(da)陸(lu)性(xing)氣候，四(si)季分明。年均(jun)降雨且(qie)為(wei)773.6mm，年平均(jun)日(ri)照2515.5h，陸(lu)地(di)年平均(jun)氣溫(wen)為(wei)13.8C，湖內年平均(jun)氣溫(wen)為(wei)14.3C。

水文

南四湖平(ping)均水深1.46m，歷(li)史最(zui)高水位36.48m，最(zui)大(da)蓄(xu)水面(mian)積12.66平(ping)方(fang)千米，最(zui)大(da)蓄(xu)水量(liang)為(wei)53億(yi)立方(fang)米，流(liu)域跨越山東、江(jiang)蘇、河南、安徽4個(ge)省32個(ge)縣 (市)，總流(liu)域面(mian)積317萬公(gong)頃(qing)，入湖河道共(gong)有53條(tiao)，出湖水道主(zhu)要有3條(tiao)。  

南四湖屬中(zhong)國準河以(yi)北地區(qu)面積(ji)最大，結構完整(zheng)，保(bao)存(cun)較好的內(nei)陸大型(xing)淡水草型(xing)湖泊，占山東省淡水面積(ji)的47%，是中(zhong)國十大淡水湖泊之一。

歷史沿革

1982年，微山(shan)縣(xian)政府批準成(cheng)立為縣(xian)級南四湖保護區。

1996年，濟寧市政府又將南四湖確立為市級自然保護(hu)區。

2003年，山東省政府(fu)批準成為省級自(zi)然保護區。

榮譽及其他

保護目標

植物資源

山東南四湖省級(ji)自然保(bao)護區自然環境獨特(te)、生(sheng)物(wu)資源多樣(yang)，有各種植(zhi)物(wu)195種，其中(zhong)楊、柳(liu)、泡桐等48種，蘆葦、簏草等水生(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)147種，國家級(ji)保(bao)護植(zhi)物(wu)5種，在《瀕危野(ye)生(sheng)動植(zhi)物(wu)國際貿易公約》中(zhong)受保(bao)護的有30種。

動物資源

山東南(nan)四湖省級(ji)自然保護(hu)區有(you)(you)各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)脊椎動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)321種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)：魚(yu)類(lei)80種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、兩棲類(lei)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、爬行類(lei)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、鳥類(lei)205種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、獸類(lei)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。脊椎動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)國家Ⅰ級(ji)保護(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)大(da)(da)鴇、東方(fang)白鸛2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國家Ⅱ級(ji)保護(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)大(da)(da)天鵝、鴛鴦、長耳鸮等24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，山東省重點保護(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)35種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)《瀕(bin)危野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)植物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國際貿易公(gong)約》中(zhong)(zhong)受(shou)保護(hu)的野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)31種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。另外，保護(hu)區內無脊椎動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)浮游動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)248種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、底(di)棲動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)68種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、昆蟲415種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。豐富的動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)資源(yuan)是(shi)南(nan)四湖濕地生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多樣性、典型性的重要體現(xian)。

山東(dong)南四湖省級自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區80種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)中(zhong)，分別隸屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)9目(mu)16科(ke)53屬(shu)(shu)。其中(zhong)，鯉科(ke)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)最(zui)多，達55種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)68.7 %；其次是鲿科(ke)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)6.2 %；鰍科(ke)、鮨科(ke)各(ge)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，分別占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)3.8%；其它各(ge)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)共14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)17.5%。兩棲類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)1目(mu)4科(ke)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其優勢種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為蟾蜍科(ke)的(de)(de)中(zhong)華(hua)大蟾蜍、花(hua)背蟾蜍以及蛙科(ke)的(de)(de)黑斑蛙。爬行(xing)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)3目(mu)5科(ke)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，常(chang)見種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)烏(wu)龜(gui)為山東(dong)省重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動物，無蹼(pu)壁虎為中(zhong)國特(te)有(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。205種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（其中(zhong)水禽81種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)隸屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)17目(mu)、53科(ke)。其中(zhong)留鳥(niao)35種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)總(zong)(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)17.1%；夏候(hou)鳥(niao)49種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)23.9%；冬(dong)候(hou)鳥(niao)25種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)12.2%；旅鳥(niao)96種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)46.8%；廣布種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)180種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)總(zong)(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)87.8%；古北種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)6.8%；東(dong)洋種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)5.4%。獸(shou)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)5目(mu)9科(ke)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其黃鼬(you)、艾鼬(you)、狗(gou)獾、豹貓、赤狐為山東(dong)省重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動物。

以上數(shu)據(ju)截至(zhi)2013年

管理措施

①1982年建(jian)立(li)縣級自然保(bao)護(hu)區。]996年建(jian)立(li)市級自然保(bao)護(hu)區，2003年建(jian)立(li)省級自然保(bao)護(hu)區;。

②2004年成立(li)“濟寧市南四湖自然保護區管(guan)理局”。

③2005年(nian)濟(ji)寧(ning)市(shi)政(zheng)府(fu)出臺了(le)(le)《濟(ji)寧(ning)市(shi)南四(si)湖(hu)(hu)自(zi)然保護區(qu)管理辦法(fa)》、成立了(le)(le)以(yi)市(shi)長為主(zhu)任委員的“濟(ji)寧(ning)市(shi)南四(si)湖(hu)(hu)自(zi)然保護區(qu)管理委員會(hui)。

④2005年一2006年在自然(ran)保護區(qu)(qu)實驗(yan)區(qu)(qu)和(he)核心區(qu)(qu)分界(jie)處安裝了(le)570多個界(jie)樁，界(jie)牌(pai)和(he)浮標。

⑤2010年，市(shi)編委核(he)定管理局編制15名，并加掛“濟寧市(shi)濕地保(bao)護管理中心牌子”。

⑥積極開展國家級自(zi)然保護區(qu)申報晉升工作。編制完成(cheng)了山東南四湖自(zi)然保護區(qu)綜合(he)科學考察報告、總體(ti)規劃。

⑦積(ji)極申報濕(shi)(shi)地(di)恢(hui)復(fu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目。經(jing)過積(ji)極努力(li)，我們申報的(de)“山東南四(si)湖濕(shi)(shi)地(di)保護與(yu)恢(hui)復(fu)示范工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目可行性研究報告”已經(jing)國(guo)家林業局批復(fu)，總(zong)投(tou)資1433萬元，項目第一期投(tou)資資金已撥付(fu)到(dao)位(wei)；大力(li)開(kai)展退耕、退池還(huan)(huan)林、還(huan)(huan)濕(shi)(shi)、還(huan)(huan)湖工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)。

⑧微山縣成(cheng)立湖上執法隊(dui)伍(wu)，負(fu)責(ze)保護區(qu)巡(xun)護工作和檢查。

⑨開展(zhan)宣傳教育活動，設(she)置宣傳牌并經(jing)常(chang)利用當地(di)(di)廣播、報(bao)刊、電(dian)視等宣傳保護水禽和濕地(di)(di)的(de)重要性。

生態價值

南(nan)四湖(hu)濕地(di)生(sheng)態系統典型，生(sheng)物多樣性豐富(fu)，自(zi)然景觀獨特，具有很高的保(bao)護(hu)價(jia)值和(he)科研價(jia)值；南(nan)四湖(hu)是(shi)重要(yao)(yao)的水(shui)資(zi)源調(diao)蓄地(di)，是(shi)鳥類重要(yao)(yao)的棲息(xi)地(di)和(he)遷徙(xi)驛站，同時也(ye)是(shi)國家南(nan)水(shui)北調(diao)東線(xian)工程的重要(yao)(yao)調(diao)水(shui)區。