簡介
嘉(jia)祥縣城南7.5公(gong)里處的青(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),林泉茂(mao)美,有魯西(xi)南“小岱宗”之美譽。掩映于青(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)麓(lu)長松(song)翠(cui)柏中的千(qian)年古剎青(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)寺(si)(si)(si)(si),是周武王(wang)所封(feng)諸侯國君王(wang)的神廟,古稱“焦王(wang)祠”,俗稱“青(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)”。青(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)常年香(xiang)火(huo)不斷,鐘磬長鳴,誦(song)經聲(sheng)、禱告聲(sheng)不絕(jue)于耳。適逢青(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)廟會,更是人流如(ru)潮,熱(re)鬧(nao)非凡(fan)。四季景色各異:春天(tian)可(ke)聞林鳥曉(xiao)唱,夏日(ri)可(ke)聽神洞僧(seng)話(hua),秋季可(ke)觀青(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)夕照,冬日(ri)可(ke)看(kan)翠(cui)峰雪霽。可(ke)謂是:山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)色靄靄人間勝地,水聲(sheng)潺潺世外(wai)洞天(tian)。2006年青(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)被公(gong)布(bu)為(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東省文物保護單位。青(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)風(feng)景區除(chu)青(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)外(wai),還有法云(yun)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)、龍泉寺(si)(si)(si)(si)等(deng)六大(da)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)廟。1999年青(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)風(feng)景區被公(gong)布(bu)為(wei)市級(ji)自(zi)然風(feng)景區保護區。
惠濟公廟原名焦(jiao)王(wang)祠,據舊縣志(zhi)記載:“武王(wang)克(ke)商,封(feng)神農(nong)之后于焦(jiao),世(shi)稱焦(jiao)王(wang)。”始封(feng)之焦(jiao)在宏農(nong)陜西(今(jin)河南(nan)陜縣),受封(feng)后移城于嘉祥青山(shan)東(dong)(dong)山(shan)腳(jiao)下(xia)。現青山(shan)東(dong)(dong)有東(dong)(dong)、西焦(jiao)城村,有古(gu)焦(jiao)王(wang)城遺址。
焦(jiao)(jiao)王(wang)祠(ci)始建年(nian)(nian)代無(wu)考。據元(yuan)東(dong)昌教授趙衡(heng)正《重修惠(hui)濟公(gong)廟碑記(ji)(ji)》記(ji)(ji)載:“廟左有漢建寧(ning)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)168年(nian)(nian))碑,碑毀無(wu)考,右立晉永安,頌文字剝落難辨……”。1102年(nian)(nian)(宋徽宗崇(chong)寧(ning)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian))封焦(jiao)(jiao)王(wang)為寧(ning)應侯;1121年(nian)(nian)(宣(xuan)和三(san)年(nian)(nian)),改建為惠(hui)濟公(gong);次(ci)年(nian)(nian),重修焦(jiao)(jiao)王(wang)祠(ci),改稱(cheng)惠(hui)濟公(gong)廟。后經明、清兩代的多(duo)次(ci)重修、擴建,始具現存規模。因(yin)祠(ci)廟位于青(qing)山(shan)(shan),故群眾習稱(cheng)為青(qing)山(shan)(shan)寺。
青山寺坐東面(mian)西(xi),順應山勢(shi),層層遞升,設計巧(qiao)妙,別具一(yi)格。崇宇高(gao)閣(ge),掩映于古樹翠柏(bo)之中(zhong),景(jing)色頗為壯觀。從山下望去,在(zai)中(zhong)軸(zhou)線上的建筑(zhu)有(you)6個(ge)層次,即:泰(tai)山行(xing)(xing)宮(gong)坊、三門(men)、惠(hui)濟公大(da)殿(dian)(dian)、寢(qin)殿(dian)(dian)、泰(tai)山行(xing)(xing)宮(gong)、玉皇廟、在(zai)惠(hui)濟公大(da)殿(dian)(dian)兩側(ce),還有(you)白玉宮(gong)、享殿(dian)(dian)、子母殿(dian)(dian)、萬佛閣(ge)、關帝廟、迎客廳等附(fu)屬(shu)建筑(zhu)。
泰山行(xing)宮坊 位于青山腳下,明朝世襲魯(lu)肅(su)王(wang)(wang)(wang)朱壽鏞1638年(nian)(明崇禎十一年(nian))修建,是一座仿(fang)樓閣式(shi)的三(san)門(men)石(shi)質建筑。中門(men)內(nei)外兩側4個石(shi)獅雕刻(ke)精(jing)細,造型生動;門(men)額上(shang)刻(ke)“泰山行(xing)宮”,運筆自如(ru),健勁(jing)有(you)力。兩側門(men)門(men)額上(shang)有(you)皆(jie)雕有(you)浮龍(long)、麒麟等圖像(xiang),刀法嫻熟。整個坊頂均仿(fang)木質建筑形式(shi),石(shi)雕斗拱、歇山頂、鴟吻、瓦(wa)壟、瓦(wa)當……惟(wei)妙維肖(xiao)。特別是中門(men)門(men)額上(shang)面(mian)一組(zu)“明魯(lu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)晉見(jian)焦王(wang)(wang)(wang)”的浮雕,主、賓(bin)、仆各具情態,栩栩如(ru)生。整個牌(pai)坊,堪(kan)稱一組(zu)格調和(he)諧、技藝(yi)精(jing)湛的藝(yi)術品,有(you)較(jiao)高的藝(yi)術價(jia)值。
三(san)(san)門(men)(men)(men) 從泰山(shan)行宮坊向東有一條林木夾道漸漸升(sheng)高(gao)的山(shan)路(lu),直通三(san)(san)門(men)(men)(men)。三(san)(san)門(men)(men)(men)是(shi)惠濟公廟的大門(men)(men)(men),重建于公元990年(nian)(北宋(song)淳化(hua)元年(nian)),為(wei)灰瓦硬(ying)山(shan)式建筑。中(zhong)門(men)(men)(men)三(san)(san)間,兩側甬門(men)(men)(men)各一門(men)(men)(men)。
惠(hui)濟公大(da)(da)殿 是(shi)青山寺的(de)主體(ti)建筑,建于(yu)1米左(zuo)右高(gao)的(de)石(shi)臺之上,1343年(nian)(nian)(元至(zhi)正(zheng)三年(nian)(nian))、1389年(nian)(nian)(明洪(hong)武二十二年(nian)(nian))兩(liang)次大(da)(da)修。大(da)(da)殿面(mian)闊(kuo)五(wu)(wu)間(jian),南北(bei)長17.3米,東西寬6米,高(gao)約9米。五(wu)(wu)脊歇山頂,彩繪斗拱,綠瓦霞帔(pei),巍峨壯觀(guan)。前檐下4根高(gao)大(da)(da)石(shi)柱,通體(ti)平雕(diao)花卉。大(da)(da)殿內雕(diao)梁畫(hua)(hua)棟、壁畫(hua)(hua)附飾,高(gao)大(da)(da)朱(zhu)漆雕(diao)龕(kan)中(zhong)原有高(gao)達2.5米的(de)惠(hui)濟公金(jin)色(se)塑像。大(da)(da)殿前,1929年(nian)(nian)修建龍頭(tou)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)一(yi)座。在碑(bei)(bei)(bei)前建砌八角形“玉(yu)液(ye)池(chi)”,其外(wai)接圓直徑3米,雕(diao)砌以石(shi)欄。大(da)(da)殿后(hou)山泉一(yi)眼,題名(ming)“感(gan)應(ying)泉”,泉水經(jing)殿底暗(an)道,由(you)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)底部(bu)之龍頭(tou)口中(zhong)噴涌而出,常(chang)年(nian)(nian)不息(xi),如(ru)珠似玉(yu),紛紛瀉入“玉(yu)液(ye)池(chi)”中(zhong),久雨不溢,常(chang)旱不涸,池(chi)水如(ru)碧(bi),清流(liu)(liu)見底。泉、池(chi)以殿相隔,如(ru)不留意(yi)觀(guan)察,人們多不知泉由(you)何來,池(chi)水何去。這(zhe)一(yi)奇(qi)幻(huan)景(jing)致(zhi)(zhi),既是(shi)天(tian)(tian)工,又是(shi)建造者的(de)匠心獨具。雕(diao)鑿(zao)精致(zhi)(zhi)的(de)龍頭(tou)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)兩(liang)側,鐫有一(yi)幅“山色(se)靄(ai)靄(ai)人間(jian)勝(sheng)地;水聲潺(chan)(chan)潺(chan)(chan)世外(wai)洞天(tian)(tian)”的(de)楹聯,碑(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)北(bei)側,刻有清末進士王俊(jun)卿題“青山十八樂”詩十八首。大(da)(da)殿兩(liang)側皆配以五(wu)(wu)間(jian)享殿,連同三門(men),圍(wei)成一(yi)個小院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)落(luo)。院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)雖不大(da)(da),但典雅秀麗,院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內碑(bei)(bei)(bei)石(shi)婷婷,泉流(liu)(liu)叮(ding)咚(dong);蒼(cang)松遒勁,翠柏(bo)參天(tian)(tian)。奇(qi)景(jing)異致(zhi)(zhi),吸引游人流(liu)(liu)連忘返。
這一層還有以(yi)下附屬建筑(zhu)(zhu)。白(bai)(bai)玉宮 位(wei)于(yu)三(san)(san)門右側,為(wei)單間(jian)二層樓閣,內祀《白(bai)(bai)蛇傳》中的白(bai)(bai)娘子(zi)。建于(yu)清(qing)末。子(zi)母殿(dian) 又名奶(nai)奶(nai)堂。位(wei)于(yu)惠濟(ji)公大殿(dian)北,1598年(nian)(明萬(wan)(wan)歷(li)二十六年(nian))建,為(wei)三(san)(san)間(jian)硬山式(shi)建筑(zhu)(zhu),內祀送子(zi)娘娘。迎客廳(ting)(ting) 位(wei)于(yu)惠濟(ji)公大殿(dian)南跨院(yuan)內,四間(jian)廳(ting)(ting)堂式(shi)建筑(zhu)(zhu)。廳(ting)(ting)前配(pei)以(yi)嘉蘭(lan)修竹,清(qing)靜淡(dan)雅,是舊時(shi)主持僧人(ren)居住(zhu)和來游的官(guan)員、雅客休憩的地(di)方。萬(wan)(wan)佛閣 在迎客廳(ting)(ting)東(dong)邊,是三(san)(san)間(jian)兩層硬山式(shi)樓閣,其中塑有眾多佛像(xiang)。關帝廟 在萬(wan)(wan)佛閣北,三(san)(san)間(jian)硬山式(shi)建筑(zhu)(zhu),祀三(san)(san)國時(shi)關羽(yu)。
寢(qin)(qin)殿(dian)(dian) 穿(chuan)過惠濟公(gong)大殿(dian)(dian),繞過感應泉,沿(yan)兩(liang)側(ce)石(shi)砌臺階(jie),便至(zhi)寢(qin)(qin)殿(dian)(dian)。寢(qin)(qin)殿(dian)(dian)三間建(jian)在高出(chu)于大殿(dian)(dian)的(de)山崖之(zhi)上,內有惠濟公(gong)及其兩(liang)位夫人的(de)塑像。泰山行(xing)宮(gong)(gong) 為“泰山圣(sheng)母”的(de)離宮(gong)(gong),1634年(明(ming)崇禎七年)建(jian)于石(shi)砌高臺之(zhi)上,繞過寢(qin)(qin)殿(dian)(dian),登40余級臺階(jie)方可到達。宮(gong)(gong)闊三間,長10.45米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)6米(mi)(mi),高5.5米(mi)(mi),黃瓦覆頂,五脊歇山式建(jian)筑(zhu)。宮(gong)(gong)中原有泰山碧霞元君塑像。宮(gong)(gong)前(qian)寬(kuan)闊平坦的(de)月臺,可供游人鳥瞰遠眺(tiao)。“落日照青峰,赤(chi)城(cheng)霞萬丈。幽人動(dong)晚酌,靜(jing)看月初上”。“青峰夕照”的(de)勝景可盡(jin)收眼底。
玉(yu)皇廟 建(jian)于青(qing)山(shan)(shan)絕頂(ding),斗拱飛檐。廟內祀玉(yu)皇大帝。從山(shan)(shan)下望去,綠樹族擁,煙靄繚繞,勢欲騰空(kong)。青(qing)山(shan)(shan)南北逶迤數里(li),除青(qing)山(shan)(shan)寺外,還有法(fa)云寺、普興寺等古剎。青(qing)山(shan)(shan)洞,兩洞口上下重迭,洞內怪石千姿百(bai)態,幽(you)不(bu)可測。山(shan)(shan)上古木郁(yu)郁(yu)蔥蔥,數以(yi)萬計;加(jia)之(zhi)眾(zhong)多果(guo)林,春日花(hua)氣襲人(ren),秋(qiu)日林果(guo)飄香。真可謂(wei)山(shan)(shan)不(bu)高而秀(xiu),林不(bu)深而幽(you)。