三十六行:是舊時對(dui)各行各業(ye)的通稱,也是中國唐代社會主要行業(ye)的統稱,反映當(dang)時社會行業(ye)的分工。
出自清(qing)·李漁《玉搔(sao)頭》:“三十六行,行行相(xiang)妒。”
三十六行分別指:肉肆行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、宮(gong)粉行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、成衣行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、玉(yu)石行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、球寶行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、絲(si)綢行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、米(mi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、首飾行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、紙行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、海味行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、鮮魚行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、文房用(yong)具行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、茶行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、竹木(mu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、酒米(mi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、鐵器(qi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、顧(gu)繡行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、針線行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、湯(tang)店(dian)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、藥(yao)肆行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、扎作(zuo)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、仵作(zuo)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、巫行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、驛傳行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、陶土行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、棺木(mu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、皮革行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、故舊行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、醬(jiang)料行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、柴行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。網罟(gu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、花紗行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、雜(za)耍行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、彩興行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、鼓樂行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和花果行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。
三十六行行行出狀元:比喻(yu)不(bu)論(lun)干哪一行,只要(yao)熱愛本職工作,都能做出(chu)優異的成(cheng)績。
在宋朝(chao)的(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou),有(you)個(ge)(ge)(ge)叫葉(xie)元(yuan)清的(de)(de)人被點為(wei)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)元(yuan),葉(xie)元(yuan)清騎著(zhu)(zhu)高(gao)頭大馬,得意洋(yang)洋(yang)地(di)在街上走(zou)著(zhu)(zhu)。來到一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)路口時(shi),只見一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)樵夫(fu)不避不讓,照舊往前走(zou),衙役們高(gao)喊讓道,樵夫(fu)才停在路口說(shuo)(shuo):“新科狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)元(yuan)有(you)什么(me)了(le)不起(qi)(qi)!如果我(wo)小(xiao)時(shi)候(hou)能夠上學,現在也是一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)元(yuan)!”葉(xie)元(yuan)清聞(wen)言大怒,喝道:“山村匹夫(fu),如此(ci)不自量力(li)!還是老老實實砍(kan)你(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)柴去吧,樵夫(fu)不以為(wei)然地(di)說(shuo)(shuo):“天下學問多的(de)(de)是,就(jiu)(jiu)說(shuo)(shuo)砍(kan)柴吧,我(wo)想怎(zen)么(me)砍(kan)就(jiu)(jiu)怎(zen)么(me)砍(kan),你(ni)(ni)能嗎?”狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)元(yuan)不信。椎夫(fu)拿過一(yi)塊方木,在上面(mian)畫(hua)了(le)一(yi)條線(xian),舉起(qi)(qi)斧頭往下一(yi)劈,正(zheng)巧(qiao)沿線(xian)劈開了(le)木頭,這(zhe)時(shi),又(you)走(zou)過來一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)賣(mai)油(you)(you)翁,嚷(rang)著(zhu)(zhu)說(shuo)(shuo):“這(zhe)有(you)什么(me)了(le)不起(qi)(qi),如果我(wo)是樵夫(fu),我(wo)也能這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)!”葉(xie)元(yuan)清一(yi)聽(ting),就(jiu)(jiu)說(shuo)(shuo):“好!我(wo)買(mai)你(ni)(ni)一(yi)斤(jin)九兩(liang)油(you)(you),但得用手(shou)倒。”賣(mai)油(you)(you)翁哈哈大笑(xiao),合(he)出(chu)(chu)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)小(xiao)瓶,又(you)在瓶口放了(le)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)銅板(ban),拿起(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)桶(tong)便(bian)倒。只見油(you)(you)如同一(yi)根線(xian)一(yi)樣(yang)(yang)落入(ru)錢眼(yan)中,稱一(yi)稱,一(yi)點不差。狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)元(yuan)看了(le)兩(liang)人的(de)(de)表演,嘆了(le)口氣說(shuo)(shuo):“真是三(san)十(shi)六(liu)行,行行出(chu)(chu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)元(yuan)啊!”
后來,人(ren)們又把三十六行改為三百六十行,就成(cheng)了(le)我們現在說的(de)“三百六十行,行行出狀元”了(le)。