魯(lu)一同先世為(wei)明(ming)末翰(han)林,清初隨吳三桂征(zheng)討云(yun)南,后“窺其(qi)(qi)有異志,挈孥而逃(tao)于淮安之山陽,遂占(zhan)籍焉。”后祖(zu)輩居安東東佃湖,所(suo)居成村(cun),名魯(lu)家莊(今漣水縣方(fang)渡鄉)。清嘉(jia)慶九年(nian)乙(yi)丑(chou)(1805年(nian)),魯(lu)一同生于此,成年(nian)后“始遷清河(今淮安市(shi)淮陰(yin)區)”。其(qi)(qi)父長泰,字瞻巖,號特山,別署小(xiao)魚頭道人。乾(qian)隆辛亥(1791年(nian))淮郡(jun)庠生,“工(gong)書善畫,閉門養素,以道自貞(zhen)”,尤(you)善繪花鳥蟲魚,世人重其(qi)(qi)畫雞,時(shi)稱“魯(lu)雞”。
少(shao)年魯一同(tong)(tong)聰穎過人,幼從(cong)三姐蘭仙(xian)(字(zi)靈香(xiang))識字(zi),繼又(you)隨之入(ru)(ru)塾。六歲(sui)通五(wu)音,“少(shao)長工為古文(wen)(wen)辭”,塾師徐念劬先生(sheng)以孔文(wen)(wen)舉(ju)(ju)(融(rong))、楊德祖(修)相期。十(shi)三歲(sui)從(cong)巢湖楊欲仁先生(sheng)學(xue)。楊字(zi)體之,別號(hao)鐵梅道人,善畫梅,有名(ming)于世(shi)。魯一同(tong)(tong)侍其作畫,展紙研墨,觀摩學(xue)習(xi),興(xing)趣油(you)然而生(sheng),又(you)從(cong)習(xi)畫,盡得其傳(chuan)。十(shi)七歲(sui)入(ru)(ru)山陽縣學(xue),十(shi)八歲(sui)鄉試(shi)(shi)中(zhong)副榜第(di)二(er)名(ming)(副貢生(sheng))。道光十(shi)五(wu)年乙(yi)未(wei)(1835年)中(zhong)第(di)二(er)十(shi)名(ming)舉(ju)(ju)人,時年三十(shi)二(er)。后數應會試(shi)(shi)均不能(neng)金榜題名(ming),然魯一同(tong)(tong)以他(ta)的(de)古文(wen)(wen)、詩詞和墨梅在應試(shi)(shi)舉(ju)(ju)子中(zhong)享有盛(sheng)名(ming)。
一起參加會(hui)試的蔡姓舉人偶(ou)問(wen)一同姓名,大驚說:“少時讀先生文,嘗恨古人不可復見,乃今先生故在(zai)也!”立(li)即尊一同為老師。
寶山毛岳生(sheng)見一同(tong)文(wen)章,以為“七百年(nian)來,文(wen)患于柔弱,惟此能得剛(gang)健(jian)之美”。
建寧張(zhang)際亮在(zai)道光時以(yi)詩(shi)名聞全國,號稱“小太白”,讀一同古歌(ge)行,自以(yi)為不及。
清(qing)末著名文士李慈銘稱(cheng)贊說:“通甫詩氣(qi)象雄闊、浩(hao)蕩之勢,獨往獨來,傳之將來,足當詩史。”
當代(dai)著名學者錢仲聯也稱贊一同(tong)鴉片戰爭時期的《三公篇》、《讀史雜感》、《重(zhong)有感》等愛國詩篇“魄力沉雄,蒼(cang)涼盤郁”,“嗣(si)響杜陵”,“在道光時代(dai),他是江蘇(su)詩壇杰(jie)出的一人。”
曾任安徽(hui)巡撫、湖廣總督的周天(tian)爵(敬(jing)修)“見其文(wen)曰,此天(tian)下大才也(ye)”。
時任禮部侍郎的曾國藩輕車簡(jian)從去館舍拜訪“問天下事”。曾對人說(shuo)“淮安魯一同(tong)若成進(jin)士,天下之幸也。”到揭榜,仍無魯一同(tong)名(ming)。曾國藩甚“為懊喪,如(ru)失左(zuo)右手”。
魯一同留心時務,好為激切之言。早在鴉片(pian)戰爭(zheng)前,就對道光朝的(de)社會矛盾有敏銳感覺(jue)和深(shen)遠(yuan)憂慮(lv),與同鄉潘德輿有師(shi)友之誼(yi)。
道(dao)光十(shi)七年(1837年)林則徐赴湖(hu)廣總督任,惜(xi)一同才,請他入幕(mu),因親老而未(wei)成行。因受到(dao)曾國藩的賞識,太平天國革命爆(bao)發后,在家鄉替清(qing)河縣(xian)知(zhi)縣(xian)吳堂謀劃(hua),抗(kang)拒太平軍;又(you)向安(an)徽巡撫江忠(zhong)源提出了先攻(gong)旁郡后打南京的戰略計劃(hua)。但(dan)他始終未(wei)為幕(mu)僚。
是年秋,應邀(yao)去邳(pi)州(今(jin)邳(pi)州市(shi))修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)《邳(pi)州志》。魯所纂修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)的(de)《邳(pi)州志》被推崇為名志,有(you)“志家(jia)法程”的(de)美譽。完成后(hou),又應清(qing)河知(zhi)縣(xian)之邀(yao)在清(qing)江(jiang)浦慈云寺(今(jin)淮安市(shi)市(shi)區)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)《清(qing)河縣(xian)志》。
咸豐五年(1855年)歸館吳(wu)城義塾。同(tong)治二年(1863年)逝世。
魯(lu)(lu)一(yi)同在12歲時,赴淮安應試(shi),父(fu)親(qin)魯(lu)(lu)長泰送他前(qian)去。說也湊巧。他到淮安后,腳上起了個疙瘩,行走不便,外(wai)出全要他父(fu)親(qin)背著(zhu)。
一(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian),他(ta)經過考場門(men)口,見有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)只(zhi)山羊,脖子上(shang)(shang)系著一(yi)(yi)(yi)把斧頭(tou)。原來是個謎語,猜(cai)中能賞到五千錢。魯(lu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)同一(yi)(yi)(yi)下就猜(cai)中了(le),伸(shen)手將懸在(zai)(zai)門(men)上(shang)(shang)的(de)賞錢取過來。看門(men)人見他(ta)年幼,又騎在(zai)(zai)父親肩(jian)上(shang)(shang),甚覺有(you)趣,便笑著請他(ta)進去。
此時,已有人(ren)報(bao)告主(zhu)考史(shi)(shi)大(da)人(ren)。史(shi)(shi)大(da)人(ren)漫不經心地問:“你(ni)說說,謎底是(shi)什么?”魯一(yi)(yi)同(tong)稚聲稚氣地說:“淮安府督管山陽縣。”史(shi)(shi)大(da)人(ren)聽了(le)(le),感到驚奇。他看了(le)(le)魯一(yi)(yi)同(tong)一(yi)(yi)眼,沉(chen)思了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)會,又叫他作對。
史(shi)大人慢慢地說:“以父(fu)作馬”。魯一(yi)同很(hen)快地回答:“望子(zi)成龍。”史(shi)大人點頭微笑。
又說:“魯小生,腰去四點(dian),可作曾(ceng)門弟子。”魯一(yi)同望了主考(kao)大(da)人一(yi)眼,低著頭,膽怯地(di)小聲說:“史大(da)人,頭加(jia)一(yi)橫,便成(cheng)吏部天官。”
史大人聽了,高興地從座位上站起來(lai),連連稱贊道(dao):“對得好,對得好。”
就是這一(yi)年(nian),魯一(yi)同中了(le)秀(xiu)才(cai)。
魯一(yi)同(tong),字通(tong)甫,清河人。善屬文,師事潘德輿(yu)。道光(guang)十五年(nian)舉人。時承平久(jiu),一(yi)同(tong)獨深(shen)憂,謂:“今(jin)天(tian)下(xia)多不激(ji)之(zhi)氣,積而不化之(zhi)習;在(zai)位者貪不去之(zhi)身,陳說(shuo)者務(wu)不駭(hai)之(zhi)論。風烈不紀,一(yi)旦(dan)有(you)緩急,莫(mo)可(ke)倚仗。”既,再試不第,益(yi)研精(jing)於(wu)學。凡田賦、兵(bing)戎諸(zhu)大政,及河道遷變、地(di)形(xing)險要,悉得(de)其機牙。為文務(wu)切世情,古(gu)茂(mao)峻厲,有(you)杜牧(mu)、尹(yin)洙之(zhi)風。漕督周天(tian)爵(jue)見(jian)之(zhi),曰(yue):“天(tian)下(xia)大材(cai)也,豈直文字哉!”曾(ceng)國藩尤嘆(tan)異之(zhi)。
試禮(li)部,入都(dou),國藩(fan)數屏(ping)騶從(cong)就問天下事。粵逆踞金(jin)陵(ling)也(ye),同(tong)年生吳棠方宰清河(he),一(yi)同(tong)為(wei)草檄(xi),傳示列縣,辭氣(qi)奮發,江北人心大定(ding)。江忠(zhong)源師抵(di)廬州,友人戴鈞衡為(wei)書通國藩(fan)之指,欲其起佐忠(zhong)源。一(yi)同(tong)謝不(bu)出,復書極論(lun)用兵(bing)(bing)機宜,謂當緩金(jin)陵(ling),專攻旁郡(jun)。其后大兵(bing)(bing)筑長圍,期(qi)旦夕(xi)破(po)金(jin)陵(ling),一(yi)同(tong)獨決(jue)其必敗,未(wei)幾,果潰(kui)裂,蘇、浙淪陷。已(yi)而國藩(fan)克安慶,復金(jin)陵(ling),一(yi)如所論(lun)。同(tong)治二年,卒,年五十九。著(zhu)《邳州志(zhi)》、《清河(he)志(zhi)》、《通甫類稿》。
子蕡,字仲實。諸生,文有家法。善綜核,知(zhi)府章儀林(lin)議減(jian)清河賦,苦繁重,叩(kou)蕡。蕡為剖析(xi)條目,退草(cao)三(san)千言,明旦獻(xian)之。儀林(lin)驚喜,因請主辦(ban),三(san)年而(er)成。又(you)佐修安東水道,役(yi)竣(jun),費無毫(hao)發(fa)溢。
【辛丑重有感(八首選一)】
張(zhang)公苦意絕天(tian)驕,忽報呼(hu)韓款(kuan)圣朝。
便遣頻陽老王(wang)翦,豈(qi)宜絕域棄班超(chao)。
跕鳶事業(ye)心紆折,射虎(hu)河山氣(qi)寂寥。
珍(zhen)重玉關天萬里,西風(feng)大樹日蕭蕭。
【荒(huang)年(nian)謠(yao)(五首選(xuan)二)】
【賣耕牛】
賣(mai)耕牛(niu),耕牛(niu)鳴何哀!
原頭草盡不得(de)食,牽牛躑躅(zhu)屠門來(lai)。
牛(niu)不能言(yan)但嗚咽(yan),屠人磨刀向牛(niu)說:
有田可(ke)耕汝當(dang)活,農(nong)夫死盡汝命絕。
旁觀老子(zi)方(fang)幅巾,戒人(ren)食牛人(ren)怒慎(shen):
不見前村人食(shi)人!
小車轔轔
小車轔(lin)轔(lin),女(nv)吟男呻,竹頭木屑載零星(xing)。
嘔呀啁哳(zha)行不停,破釜墮地灰痕青。
路逢相識人,勸言不可(ke)行:
南走五日道路斷,縣官(guan)驅人(ren)如(ru)驅蠅。
同(tong)去十(shi)人九(jiu)人死,黃河東流卷哭聲。”
車轔轔,難為聽。
【關忠節公家傳】
公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)名天(tian)(tian)培,字仲因,一(yi)(yi)字滋圃(pu),姓關氏,山陽(yang)(yang)人(ren)也。起家(jia)行伍,歷淮安城守(shou)營完備(bei),揚州中營守(shou)備(bei)。獲(huo)私鑄王(wang)國英等十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)人(ren),署(shu)溧陽(yang)(yang)營都(dou)(dou)司,獲(huo)匪嚴加烈等二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)人(ren),移(yi)兩(liang)江督(du)(du)標(biao)左營守(shou)備(bei),歷中軍(jun)(jun)都(dou)(dou)司,外(wai)海(hai)水師騎營守(shou)備(bei),騎營游(you)擊(ji)(ji)。道(dao)(dao)光二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),外(wai)洋(yang)獲(huo)盜(dao)最(zui)。三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),署(shu)吳(wu)(wu)淞營參(can)將,旋(xuan)即真(zhen)。后二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),東(dong)南方議(yi)海(hai)運(yun)。海(hai)運(yun)自(zi)(zi)明(ming)以(yi)(yi)來(lai),輟數百(bai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),議(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)紛(fen)錯,大(da)(da)府(fu)舉公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)任其(qi)(qi)事(shi)。六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)二(er)(er)月,督(du)(du)米船千(qian)百(bai)四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)艘(sou),米百(bai)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)一(yi)(yi)千(qian)余石,自(zi)(zi)吳(wu)(wu)淞抵天(tian)(tian)津(jin)(jin),先期功最(zui),署(shu)太湖營副將,明(ming)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),署(shu)蘇松營總兵(bing)(bing)官,旋(xuan)即真(zhen)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)入(ru)朝,上(shang)御便殿召見,五(wu)次軍(jun)(jun)機(ji)記名。明(ming)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),夷(yi)事(shi)萌芽。先是(shi)(shi)(shi),西(xi)南諸夷(yi)暹羅(luo)、真(zhen)臘、安南之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬,皆(jie)恭順(shun)受職(zhi)貢(gong)。惟英吉(ji)利最(zui)遠(yuan),強黠。嘉慶(qing)(qing)間(jian)入(ru)貢(gong),嚴衛(wei)入(ru)海(hai)。至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)夷(yi)目律勞卑來(lai),不(bu)(bu)如(ru)約(yue),兵(bing)(bing)船駛至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)黃埔(pu)河,兩(liang)廣總督(du)(du)盧(lu)坤、水師提(ti)督(du)(du)李增階(jie)坐(zuo)疏防(fang)(fang)落(luo)職(zhi),而(er)(er)(er)以(yi)(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)廣東(dong)水師提(ti)督(du)(du)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則(ze)(ze)親歷重(zhong)(zhong)洋(yang),觀扼塞,建臺(tai)(tai)(tai)守(shou),排鐵索,軍(jun)(jun)務肅(su)然,東(dong)南倚以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)容(rong)貌如(ru)常人(ren),悛悛畏謹,而(er)(er)(er)洞識(shi)機(ji)要(yao)(yao),口占(zhan)應(ying)(ying)對悉(xi)中。暇則(ze)(ze)習弓(gong)馬技(ji)擊(ji)(ji),技(ji)絕精。在(zai)廣著(zhu)《籌海(hai)集(ji)》,識(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)比之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戚(qi)少保云。居虎(hu)(hu)門(men)(men)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),而(er)(er)(er)禁煙(yan)事(shi)起。當是(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi),洋(yang)煙(yan)流毒(du)遍天(tian)(tian)下;前侍郎黃爵滋發其(qi)(qi)事(shi),上(shang)命內外(wai)大(da)(da)臣(chen)雜(za)議(yi),議(yi)定,著(zhu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)令。而(er)(er)(er)英吉(ji)利躉船適至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。躉船者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),販(fan)煙(yan)船也。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)既(ji)習于(yu)(yu)(yu)海(hai),而(er)(er)(er)前欽(qin)差大(da)(da)臣(chen)林(lin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)則(ze)(ze)徐,威(wei)略素著(zhu),與公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)尤(you)協力,至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則(ze)(ze)拘夷(yi)目,錮其(qi)(qi)船,船不(bu)(bu)得(de)發,獲(huo)煙(yan)土二(er)(er)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)二(er)(er)百(bai)余箱焚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。奏聞,上(shang)大(da)(da)悅(yue),敘功有(you)差。夷(yi)計不(bu)(bu)得(de)逞,明(ming)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)四(si)月,驟師入(ru)浙(zhe)江,據定海(hai)。分船溯大(da)(da)洋(yang),上(shang)天(tian)(tian)津(jin)(jin),詭投(tou)書(shu)乞和(he),而(er)(er)(er)前直隸總督(du)(du)琦善,馳傳赴廣東(dong),林(lin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)罪去(qu)(qu)(qu)。于(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)議(yi)興,海(hai)防(fang)(fang)撤矣(yi)。廣東(dong)邊海(hai)門(men)(men)戶(hu)曰(yue)香(xiang)港(gang)、虎(hu)(hu)門(men)(men)。香(xiang)港(gang)奧(ao)衍,易盤踞(ju),去(qu)(qu)(qu)省少紆遠(yuan);虎(hu)(hu)門(men)(men)險狹,海(hai)道(dao)(dao)曲(qu)折,去(qu)(qu)(qu)省近(jin)。虎(hu)(hu)門(men)(men)外(wai)列十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)臺(tai)(tai)(tai),最(zui)外(wai)大(da)(da)角、沙角,屹(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)南屏蔽。是(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)月,夷(yi)攻(gong)大(da)(da)角、沙角,壞(huai)師船,而(er)(er)(er)大(da)(da)帥日(ri)以(yi)(yi)文書(shu)與往來(lai),冀得(de)少遼緩(huan)。夷(yi)不(bu)(bu)報(bao)(bao)命而(er)(er)(er)爭戰(zhan),戰(zhan)方交則(ze)(ze)投(tou)書(shu)議(yi)和(he),書(shu)報(bao)(bao)復戰(zhan),晝(zhou)夜攻(gong)掠(lve)不(bu)(bu)已。時(shi)諸軍(jun)(jun)集(ji)廣府(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),駐防(fang)(fang)滿兵(bing)(bing)、督(du)(du)標(biao)、撫標(biao)兵(bing)(bing),共不(bu)(bu)下萬(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren),又調集(ji)客兵(bing)(bing)、團練、鄉勇、民(min)兵(bing)(bing)數萬(wan)(wan)(wan),而(er)(er)(er)大(da)(da)帥所(suo)遣(qian)(qian)助守(shou)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),撫標(biao)二(er)(er)百(bai)人(ren),駐東(dong)莞提(ti)標(biao)二(er)(er)百(bai)人(ren)備(bei)策應(ying)(ying)。則(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)日(ri)益孤危,相繼陷(xian)沒。二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)五(wu)月,夷(yi)進(jin)攻(gong)威(wei)遠(yuan)、靖遠(yuan)諸臺(tai)(tai)(tai),守(shou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)羸兵(bing)(bing)數百(bai),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)遣(qian)(qian)將慟哭請師,無應(ying)(ying)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。初(chu),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)海(hai)運(yun)入(ru)都(dou)(dou)也,時(shi)從故人(ren)飲酒肆中,醉而(er)(er)(er)言曰(yue):“日(ri)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)謂我祿命,生(sheng)當揚威(wei),死(si)當血食。今(jin)(jin)吾(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)余,安有(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)哉!”已而(er)(er)(er)嘆(tan)曰(yue):“丈夫(fu)受國恩,有(you)急(ji)(ji),死(si)耳(er)(er),終不(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)妻子計。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)老(lao)母年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)八(ba)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)余,長(chang)(chang)子奎(kui)龍,吳(wu)(wu)淞參(can)將,前卒。幼子先遣(qian)(qian)歸,及(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)乃(nai)緘(jian)一(yi)(yi)匣(xia)寄家(jia)人(ren),堅不(bu)(bu)可開(kai),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)死(si)后啟(qi)視,則(ze)(ze)墜齒(chi)數枚,舊衣(yi)(yi)數襲而(er)(er)(er)已。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)既(ji)自(zi)(zi)度眾寡不(bu)(bu)敵而(er)(er)(er)援(yuan)絕,乃(nai)決自(zi)(zi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)計,住靖遠(yuan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai),晝(zhou)夜督(du)(du)戰(zhan)。已而(er)(er)(er)夷(yi)大(da)(da)?奄至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率游(you)擊(ji)(ji)麥廷章奮勇登臺(tai)(tai)(tai),大(da)(da)呼(hu)督(du)(du)厲(li)士卒,自(zi)(zi)卯至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)未,所(suo)殺傷過當,而(er)(er)(er)身亦受數十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)創,血淋漓,衣(yi)(yi)甲盡濕。事(shi)急(ji)(ji),呼(hu)其(qi)(qi)仆孫長(chang)(chang)慶(qing)(qing)使去(qu)(qu)(qu)。長(chang)(chang)慶(qing)(qing)哭曰(yue):“奴隨主(zhu)數十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)矣(yi),今(jin)(jin)有(you)急(ji)(ji),義(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)使主(zhu)死(si)而(er)(er)(er)己(ji)獨(du)全。”手持公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)衣(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)可開(kai),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)怒,拔(ba)刀逐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue):“吾(wu)上(shang)負(fu)(fu)皇上(shang),下負(fu)(fu)老(lao)母,死(si)猶晚,汝不(bu)(bu)去(qu)(qu)(qu),今(jin)(jin)斬汝矣(yi)。”投(tou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)印(yin),長(chang)(chang)慶(qing)(qing)號而(er)(er)(er)走(zou)。比及(ji)(ji)山半,回顧(gu),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隕絕于(yu)(yu)(yu)地。時(shi)二(er)(er)月六日(ri)也。長(chang)(chang)慶(qing)(qing)既(ji)去(qu)(qu)(qu),懸廠自(zi)(zi)縋下,下負(fu)(fu)水多蘆根,刺(ci)體如(ru)蝟(wei),卒負(fu)(fu)重(zhong)(zhong)創,送(song)印(yin)大(da)(da)府(fu)所(suo),而(er)(er)(er)身復至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)求公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)尸(shi)。夷(yi)人(ren)嚴兵(bing)(bing)守(shou)臺(tai)(tai)(tai),則(ze)(ze)乞通(tong)事(shi)吳(wu)(wu)某以(yi)(yi)情告。吳(wu)(wu)某者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),嘗為(wei)(wei)(wei)漢奸,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)得(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),宥(you)弗殺,給(gei)事(shi)左右,恒(heng)思(si)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)報(bao)(bao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)長(chang)(chang)慶(qing)(qing)說夷(yi),誠懇反復,夷(yi)人(ren)義(yi)(yi)許之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。入(ru)求尸(shi),鈹交于(yu)(yu)(yu)胸。長(chang)(chang)慶(qing)(qing)膝行前,遍索不(bu)(bu)得(de)。卒詣公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)所(suo)立處,舉他(ta)尸(shi)數十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乃(nai)得(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),半體焦焉(yan)。事(shi)聞,天(tian)(tian)子軫悼,予騎都(dou)(dou)尉(wei)世職(zhi),謚忠(zhong)節,賜(si)葬如(ru)禮。喪至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri),士大(da)(da)夫(fu)數百(bai)人(ren),縞衣(yi)(yi)送(song)迎,道(dao)(dao)旁觀者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),或痛哭失(shi)聲。而(er)(er)(er)長(chang)(chang)慶(qing)(qing)得(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)尸(shi)后,復求得(de)麥廷章之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)半體,與公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)尸(shi)皆(jie)徒負(fu)(fu)以(yi)(yi)歸,水陸七百(bai)里。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)葬后,恒(heng)郁郁不(bu)(bu)樂,言及(ji)(ji)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),必(bi)泣下。未幾卒。論(lun)曰(yue):甚矣(yi),虎(hu)(hu)門(men)(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)敗(bai)也。悲夫(fu),可為(wei)(wei)(wei)流涕者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)矣(yi)。方公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)經營十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)臺(tai)(tai)(tai),累戰(zhan)皆(jie)捷。奏上(shang),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)卿相賀,主(zhu)上(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前席,嘉嘆(tan)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)再(zai)三。然而(er)(er)(er)釁發于(yu)(yu)(yu)定海(hai),詐成于(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)津(jin)(jin),夷(yi)不(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)無謀(mou),要(yao)(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)豈(qi)夷(yi)人(ren)能死(si)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)哉!詩曰(yue):“誰生(sheng)厲(li)階(jie),至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)今(jin)(jin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)梗(geng)。”厲(li)有(you)階(jie)矣(yi)。長(chang)(chang)慶(qing)(qing)義(yi)(yi)士,誠感犬(quan)羊,吳(wu)(wu)某奸耳(er)(er),知(zhi)感恩為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)日(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)報(bao)(bao),異哉。
該(gai)文滿懷(huai)景仰(yang),生動地描繪了鴉(ya)片(pian)戰(zhan)爭(zheng)中著名愛(ai)國將(jiang)領關天培在虎(hu)門保衛戰(zhan)中的獻身精神。文章(zhang)描寫重點(dian)主要在兩方面:
一是寫關天培抗(kang)敵的忠(zhong)勇悲(bei)壯;
二是揭露投降派琦善(shan)之流阻撓抗敵,造成必敗結局。
全(quan)篇(pian)充滿了悲壯氣氛。寫(xie)關(guan)天培的忠勇,先寫(xie)他在都城醉酒時的慷慨明志,次寫(xie)他在戰前遣子(zi)、寄匣,說(shuo)明他早有為(wei)國捐驅的準備。
寫(xie)(xie)臨戰犧牲話不多,卻極有神,特別是驅走仆人(ren)(ren)孫長(chang)慶(qing)的細節描寫(xie)(xie),生動(dong)地(di)表現了他視死如歸的悲壯情(qing)景,讀來(lai)十分感人(ren)(ren)。
該文(wen)用(yong)了相當多的(de)筆墨(mo)揭露投降派破壞抗敵的(de)種種罪行,使該文(wen)的(de)意義增加了不少。
魯一(yi)同熟于(yu)(yu)史籍,注(zhu)重(zhong)經世之學(xue)。考進士不第,用心于(yu)(yu)文章。他說:“凡文章之道,貴于(yu)(yu)外閎而(er)中(zhong)實(shi)。中(zhong)實(shi)由于(yu)(yu)積理。理充而(er)緯以實(shi)事,則光彩日新。文無實(shi)事,斯為(wei)徒作。窮工極麗(li),猶虛車(che)也。”(周韶音(yin)《通甫詩存跋》)其文氣勢(shi)挺拔,務(wu)切世情,立言有(you)體(ti),疏(shu)暢明晰,內(nei)容廣涉田賦(fu)兵戎(rong)、河(he)道變遷、地(di)形險要和中(zhong)外大勢(shi)等,與桐城派的(de)拘守義法和應(ying)酬世俗,有(you)顯著不同。
有人請(qing)他為(wei)(wei)某巨公寫祝壽文章,他說(shuo):“吾輩文疏直(zhi)樸野,不足(zu)(zu)說(shuo)勢(shi)要(yao)。若肆其狂愚,為(wei)(wei)足(zu)(zu)下得罪當涂,何所用之?”(《淮(huai)安(an)府志》引《通(tong)甫類稿》)
毛岳生見(jian)其文(wen),謂“七百年來患于柔,惟此(ci)為(wei)能得剛之(zhi)美”(《清史(shi)館文(wen)學(xue)傳稿》引《通甫(fu)類稿》)。錢仲聯稱他(ta)“嗣(si)響杜陵”,李慈(ci)銘稱其”閎肆而(er)謹嚴(yan),演迤而(er)峻峭”。如《胥吏(li)論(lun)》、《復潘四農書》等,皆識(shi)議絕人,切中時弊。而(er)《關(guan)忠節公家傳》,則生動(dong)地記(ji)敘了他(ta)的同(tong)鄉(xiang)名將關(guan)天培在鴉片戰爭中英勇殉職的事跡。
魯(lu)一(yi)同少時學詩頗勤。40歲以(yi)后(hou),堅持修詞立(li)誠(cheng),非有(you)真情實(shi)感(gan)(gan)勃發不已,不下(xia)筆。曾手(shou)定詩稿,僅留十之(zhi)二(er)三。其中(zhong)以(yi)古歌行成就最高,甚(shen)得詩人張(zhang)際亮的(de)賞識。早期的(de)《荒年(nian)(nian)謠》五首,描寫道光年(nian)(nian)間的(de)嚴重災荒和民不聊(liao)生。“事皆征(zheng)實(shi),言通(tong)里俗”,令人有(you)觸目(mu)驚心之(zhi)感(gan)(gan)。著有(you)《通(tong)甫(fu)(fu)類稿》6卷(juan),《通(tong)甫(fu)(fu)詩存》6卷(juan)、《邳州志》、《清河(he)縣志》》、《白耷山(shan)人年(nian)(nian)譜》、《王右軍(jun)年(nian)(nian)譜》等十數種(zhong)。
魯(lu)(lu)一(yi)(yi)同不(bu)僅詩文(wen)有(you)聲于江(jiang)淮,而且善繪(hui)事,亦為(wei)邑人(ren)所稱道(dao)。不(bu)過,他的畫(hua)名(ming)終被詩文(wen)所掩(yan),至今已鮮為(wei)人(ren)知。在魯(lu)(lu)一(yi)(yi)同繪(hui)畫(hua)諸(zhu)作(zuo)中(zhong),又以梅(mei)花為(wei)最。據《清畫(hua)家詩史》記載:魯(lu)(lu)一(yi)(yi)同“工詩畫(hua),寫梅(mei)頗佳”。
他的“梅(mei)花”作(zuo)品不(bu)少,其(qi)友人(ren)孔宥(you)函聲稱他“寫梅(mei)千(qian)百本”,幾乎“年年有作(zuo)”。魯一同畫(hua)梅(mei),運思立意多(duo)取梅(mei)花熬霜耐寒的自然特性(xing),以寄托(tuo)他高潔的情操和品格。