芒果视频

一.產品介紹

栝(gua)(gua)樓是山(shan)東(dong)著名的道地(di)(di)(di)中(zhong)藥(yao)材(cai)。胡世林主編(bian)的《中(zhong)國道地(di)(di)(di)藥(yao)材(cai)》載：“用果者(zhe)山(shan)東(dong)長(chang)(chang)清(qing)(qing)為(wei)道地(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)一”。據(ju)長(chang)(chang)清(qing)(qing)舊(jiu)縣志(zhi)記載，早在清(qing)(qing)代(dai)以前(qian)，馬(ma)山(shan)莊科(ke)、焦莊一帶(dai)就(jiu)開始種植(zhi)栝(gua)(gua)樓，距今已有300余(yu)年(nian)的歷史。馬(ma)山(shan)栝(gua)(gua)樓質量(liang)優良(liang)，以其(qi)個大(da)、皮厚(hou)柔韌(ren)、皺縮有筋(jin)、色橙紅、糖性足、焦糖氣(qi)濃(nong)而享譽國內外。馬(ma)山(shan)栝(gua)(gua)樓產(chan)量(liang)大(da)，據(ju)記載，山(shan)東(dong)栝(gua)(gua)樓最高年(nian)產(chan)量(liang)80萬公斤(jin)，長(chang)(chang)清(qing)(qing)產(chan)量(liang)46萬公斤(jin)，而馬(ma)山(shan)的產(chan)量(liang)占長(chang)(chang)清(qing)(qing)區(qu)總產(chan)量(liang)的2/3以上(shang)。2009年(nian)馬(ma)山(shan)栝(gua)(gua)樓被農業(ye)部認定為(wei)國家地(di)(di)(di)理標志(zhi)農產(chan)品。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

1、土(tu)壤地(di)貌情況：土(tu)壤類型為沙壤土(tu)，pH值(zhi)6.8-7.4，屬黃河下游地(di)區(qu)，魯(lu)中山區(qu)丘(qiu)陵(ling)地(di)。

2、水文情況：境(jing)內水資(zi)源豐富。降水為地表水的(de)主要來源，年降水量比(bi)較充(chong)沛集中。賓谷河流(liu)經馬山鎮南北(bei)，鎮北(bei)端有國家中型(xing)水庫一座，容(rong)量1300萬立(li)方(fang)。河川徑流(liu)量季節(jie)變化大，過(guo)境(jing)水的(de)利用量較小。地下(xia)水資(zi)源比(bi)較豐富，水質優良。

3、氣候情況：屬暖(nuan)溫帶季(ji)(ji)風區半濕潤氣候。主要(yao)特(te)征為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)季(ji)(ji)風顯(xian)著，四季(ji)(ji)分明，具有淮河下游氣候特(te)征。春季(ji)(ji)多風，干旱少(shao)雨，冬季(ji)(ji)干冷。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣溫變化范圍為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)12.8-14.3℃，各月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣溫以1月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份最(zui)低，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)零下2℃；以7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份最(zui)高，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)26.9℃。累計年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)日(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2598.5小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，最(zui)多為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2897.9小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，最(zui)少(shao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2254.2小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份日(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)最(zui)高，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)281.1小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)；2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份最(zui)小(xiao)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)173.7小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)。5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份日(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)百分率最(zui)高，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)66%，7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份最(zui)小(xiao)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)51%。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)628.2毫米，春季(ji)(ji)（3-5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)）平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)86.2毫米，占(zhan)(zhan)年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)1.4%；夏季(ji)(ji)（6-8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)）年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)399.3毫米，占(zhan)(zhan)年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)64%；秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)（9-10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)）平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)122.3毫米，占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)19%；冬季(ji)(ji)（12-2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)）平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)20.4毫米，占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)3%。各月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)分布不均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)，以7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份最(zui)大，1月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份最(zui)小(xiao)。平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雪(xue)初月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)在(zai)12月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)7日(ri)(ri)(ri)，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雪(xue)終(zhong)日(ri)(ri)(ri)在(zai)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)17日(ri)(ri)(ri)，初、終(zhong)雪(xue)間(jian)日(ri)(ri)(ri)數(shu)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)101天。最(zui)大積雪(xue)厚度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)21厘米。全(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)相對溫度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)62%，最(zui)大值(zhi)出現在(zai)7-8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)76-79%；最(zui)小(xiao)值(zhi)在(zai)3-4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)52-53%。全(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)無霜期為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)215天，結(jie)冰(bing)初日(ri)(ri)(ri)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)在(zai)10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)30日(ri)(ri)(ri)，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)終(zhong)日(ri)(ri)(ri)在(zai)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)31日(ri)(ri)(ri)。

4、人(ren)文(wen)歷史情況：栝(gua)樓(lou)是山(shan)(shan)(shan)東著名(ming)(ming)的道地中(zhong)藥(yao)材，具有清(qing)熱滌痰、寬胸散結、潤燥滑腸(chang)的功能。臨床用(yong)于治療(liao)肺熱咳嗽、胸痹(bi)心痛等癥，效果極好。山(shan)(shan)(shan)東栝(gua)樓(lou)，尤其(qi)是仁栝(gua)樓(lou)年產(chan)(chan)(chan)量和出口量均位于全國(guo)之首。胡世林(lin)主編的《中(zhong)國(guo)道地藥(yao)材》載(zai)：“用(yong)果者山(shan)(shan)(shan)東長(chang)清(qing)為道地之一(yi)(yi)”。《山(shan)(shan)(shan)東道地藥(yao)材》載(zai)：“以長(chang)清(qing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量最(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)(da)，質(zhi)量最(zui)(zui)(zui)好。”據(ju)長(chang)清(qing)舊縣志記載(zai)，早在清(qing)代(dai)以前，馬(ma)(ma)山(shan)(shan)(shan)莊科、焦莊一(yi)(yi)帶就開始種植，距今已(yi)有300余年的歷史。馬(ma)(ma)山(shan)(shan)(shan)栝(gua)樓(lou)質(zhi)量優良，以其(qi)個(ge)大(da)(da)(da)、皮厚柔韌、皺縮有筋、色橙(cheng)紅、糖(tang)性足、焦糖(tang)氣(qi)濃而享譽國(guo)內外。馬(ma)(ma)山(shan)(shan)(shan)仁栝(gua)樓(lou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量大(da)(da)(da)，據(ju)記載(zai)，山(shan)(shan)(shan)東栝(gua)樓(lou)最(zui)(zui)(zui)高年產(chan)(chan)(chan)量80萬公(gong)斤，長(chang)清(qing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量46萬公(gong)斤，而馬(ma)(ma)山(shan)(shan)(shan)的產(chan)(chan)(chan)量占長(chang)清(qing)縣總產(chan)(chan)(chan)量的2/3以上(shang)。馬(ma)(ma)山(shan)(shan)(shan)栝(gua)樓(lou)所(suo)在地—馬(ma)(ma)山(shan)(shan)(shan)境內有市級森(sen)林(lin)公(gong)園(yuan)一(yi)(yi)處(chu)，地理位置優越，基礎條件(jian)較好，氣(qi)候(hou)宜人(ren)，有諸多(duo)自然人(ren)文(wen)景觀，及歷史傳(chuan)說(shuo)故事(shi)。園(yuan)內層巒疊嶂，古柏參天，森(sen)林(lin)茂密，景色怡(yi)人(ren)。主峰馬(ma)(ma)山(shan)(shan)(shan)海(hai)拔512.3米，原名(ming)(ming)隔馬(ma)(ma)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，遠眺山(shan)(shan)(shan)形(xing)似馬(ma)(ma)，懸崖百丈(zhang)，山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢陡(dou)峭險峻(jun)，有“十洞”、“五(wu)泉(quan)”、“一(yi)(yi)餅(bing)”、“五(wu)字”等名(ming)(ming)勝，是與泰山(shan)(shan)(shan)、五(wu)峰山(shan)(shan)(shan)并稱(cheng)“三山(shan)(shan)(shan)”的長(chang)清(qing)名(ming)(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)腰有用(yong)百萬株側柏栽成的大(da)(da)(da)型植物(wu)標語“毛主席萬歲”，2001年8月世界基尼斯大(da)(da)(da)全上(shang)海(hai)總部正式命名(ming)(ming)為“植物(wu)標語‘中(zhong)國(guo)之最(zui)(zui)(zui)’”。

三.地域范圍

馬(ma)山栝樓(lou)在山東省濟(ji)南(nan)市長清(qing)區馬(ma)山鎮境內(nei)，位于省城濟(ji)南(nan)西南(nan)40公(gong)里(li)(li)處(chu)，南(nan)與肥(fei)城市接壤，北(bei)距長清(qing)城區20公(gong)里(li)(li)，距濟(ji)荷高速12公(gong)里(li)(li)；東臨京(jing)滬、京(jing)福(fu)高速、京(jing)滬鐵路，省道104穿(chuan)越該鎮南(nan)北(bei)，西傍黃河。全鎮轄(xia)53個行政村，人口3.36萬，地(di)域面(mian)積8900公(gong)頃(qing)，其中栝蔞(lou)種植面(mian)積80公(gong)頃(qing)。地(di)理位置(zhi)：地(di)處(chu)東經116°9′-116°11′，北(bei)緯36°01′-36°45′。平(ping)均海(hai)拔(ba)99.1米，低于劃定保護(hu)面(mian)積80公(gong)頃(qing)。

四.產(chan)品品質特性(xing)特征

1、外在感官(guan)特征：馬(ma)山栝(gua)(gua)樓為(wei)(wei)多年生草本植(zhi)物，莖上有(you)卷須，葉(xie)子(zi)(zi)心(xin)臟(zang)形(xing)(xing)，花(hua)白色，雌雄異株，果實卵圓形(xing)(xing)或近(jin)圓形(xing)(xing)，收獲(huo)時為(wei)(wei)深(shen)綠色，晾干后(hou)皮為(wei)(wei)黃色，鮮果重300-400克，少數500克左(zuo)右；晾干后(hou)果重150克左(zuo)右，種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)長圓形(xing)(xing)，瓤棕黃色，干果味(wei)甘，稍苦、澀。栝(gua)(gua)樓根(gen)（中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)名(ming)(ming)天花(hua)粉），果（中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)名(ming)(ming)栝(gua)(gua)樓實），果皮（中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)名(ming)(ming)栝(gua)(gua)樓皮）、種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)（中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)名(ming)(ming)栝(gua)(gua)樓仁），都供(gong)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)，有(you)解熱止渴、利尿、鎮咳被祛痰等(deng)作用(yong)。栝(gua)(gua)樓制劑對(dui)冠心(xin)病、心(xin)膠(jiao)痛有(you)一定療效。

2、內(nei)在品(pin)質指標：栝樓果實含(han)(han)三萜皂苷、有機酸、脂(zhi)肪油、樹脂(zhi)、糖類、色素；種子(zi)含(han)(han)脂(zhi)肪油；根含(han)(han)蛋白質、皂苷、酸類等。