一.產品介紹
福(fu)建連城冠(guan)豸(zhi)(zhi)山位(wei)于北緯25度(du),它特有(you)的丹(dan)霞地貌結(jie)構,及地理環(huan)境特別適合野生(sheng)(sheng)鐵(tie)皮(pi)(pi)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang),因此鐵(tie)皮(pi)(pi)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)原生(sheng)(sheng)態種(zhong)群(qun)分布廣泛。連城冠(guan)豸(zhi)(zhi)山鐵(tie)皮(pi)(pi)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu),是多糖型藥(yao)用、食用、觀賞兼(jian)具的珍稀草本植物(wu)(wu),其(qi)莖(jing)稈(gan)粗壯,莖(jing)皮(pi)(pi)薄,葉片(pian)厚(hou),粘汁多,脆而易折斷,口感(gan)香甜細膩(ni),有(you)清熱解毒、化瘀止血(xue)、提神解困、消除疲勞、清咽護嗓、提高人體免疫力、抗氧(yang)化、防癌、改善(shan)糖尿(niao)病癥(zheng)狀、緩解風(feng)濕類風(feng)濕等(deng)功效。經上海中醫(yi)藥(yao)大(da)學(xue)藥(yao)物(wu)(wu)研究所權(quan)威檢測,冠(guan)豸(zhi)(zhi)山野生(sheng)(sheng)鐵(tie)皮(pi)(pi)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)的液相圖譜與野生(sheng)(sheng)鐵(tie)皮(pi)(pi)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)圖譜高度(du)吻合,富含有(you)多種(zhong)微(wei)量(liang)元素,其(qi)中植物(wu)(wu)多糖含量(liang)達54.3%,遠超國家標(biao)準(zhun)(國標(biao)為25%),品質十分優異。
2013年11月(yue),連(lian)城(cheng)(cheng)冠豸(zhi)山(shan)鐵(tie)(tie)皮石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)榮(rong)獲國(guo)家(jia)農(nong)業部(bu)“國(guo)家(jia)地(di)(di)(di)理標(biao)志保(bao)護農(nong)產品”稱號。連(lian)城(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)開發利(li)(li)用石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)已有200多年歷(li)史,清嘉(jia)慶、道光(guang)年間,連(lian)城(cheng)(cheng)民(min)間已利(li)(li)用野生鮮石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)作涼茶退低(di)燒、治喉(hou)痛(tong)、胃痛(tong)、止血排毒等。清朝末年,揭樂(le)鄉呂屋村的謝(xie)志濂(lian)到(dao)廣西(xi)(xi)百(bai)色開藥(yao)店行(xing)醫(yi),他(ta)(ta)精于用針(zhen)灸和鐵(tie)(tie)皮石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)懸(xuan)壺濟世,治病救人(ren)。更因為醫(yi)德高尚,藝術高明(ming),被(bei)譽為神醫(yi)。其時,百(bai)色地(di)(di)(di)區是全國(guo)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)集散地(di)(di)(di),市場行(xing)情極好。其弟謝(xie)靜(jing)江在他(ta)(ta)店里幫忙打理業務,他(ta)(ta)們看到(dao)鐵(tie)(tie)皮石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)藥(yao)用價值(zhi)高,銷路好,想起家(jia)鄉冠豸(zhi)山(shan)的懸(xuan)崖峭壁上(shang)“吊蘭”比比皆(jie)是,經過商量,謝(xie)志濂(lian)留守店中,謝(xie)靜(jing)江與侄兒(er)謝(xie)地(di)(di)(di)生回(hui)連(lian)城(cheng)(cheng)雇請當地(di)(di)(di)善(shan)于攀爬(pa)的藥(yao)農(nong)上(shang)山(shan)采(cai)鐵(tie)(tie)皮石(shi)斛(hu)(hu),建(jian)起了連(lian)城(cheng)(cheng)首(shou)家(jia)家(jia)族式(shi)加(jia)工楓斗(dou)的作坊。產品除了運往廣西(xi)(xi)百(bai)色,還銷往杭州、上(shang)海、香(xiang)港、泰國(guo)、新加(jia)坡、馬來西(xi)(xi)亞等地(di)(di)(di)。
冠(guan)豸(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)(shan)鐵(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)生產發(fa)展(zhan)以(yi)福(fu)建省連(lian)城冠(guan)江鐵(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)有(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)司、福(fu)建九益堂(tang)(tang)藥業(ye)(ye)有(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)司、福(fu)建連(lian)天福(fu)生物(wu)科技(ji)有(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)司等企業(ye)(ye)為龍(long)頭,冠(guan)豸(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)(shan)鐵(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)種源(yuan)為冠(guan)豸(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)野(ye)生石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)種源(yuan),是(shi)第一代原種經過(guo)組培(pei)與馴(xun)化后(hou),進行種植,讓鐵(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)種苗回歸(gui)到大(da)(da)自然繼續生長(chang),保(bao)證(zheng)藥材的(de)(de)(de)道(dao)地性,從而(er)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)提高了(le)(le)鐵(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)成品(pin)藥村的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)質,堪(kan)與純天然野(ye)生石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)相媲美(mei)。如今,冠(guan)豸(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)(shan)鐵(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)產品(pin)除了(le)(le)有(you)傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)楓斗(dou)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)花、石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)粉還研創了(le)(le)鐵(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)葉茶、莖節茶、鐵(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)香酥(su)條及鐵(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)全枝干(gan)品(pin)飲料。特別(bie)是(shi)冠(guan)豸(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)(shan)鐵(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)莖節茶采(cai)用福(fu)建九益堂(tang)(tang)藥業(ye)(ye)有(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)司自主研創的(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)技(ji)術、保(bao)證(zheng)了(le)(le)鐵(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)營(ying)養成分的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi),可使石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)中的(de)(de)(de)內溶物(wu)可迅速(su)溶于水,相比傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)楓斗(dou)具明(ming)顯優勢。作為目(mu)前(qian)全國唯一一款(kuan)可直接(jie)沖泡便可飲用的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)產品(pin),深(shen)受消費者喜(xi)歡。 目(mu)前(qian),冠(guan)豸(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)(shan)鐵(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)產業(ye)(ye)迅速(su)發(fa)展(zhan),加盟戶(hu)6000多戶(hu),年產值5億(yi)多元。
二.自然生態環境和(he)人文歷史因素
1、土壤地(di)貌(mao)情況:冠豸(zhi)山(shan)(shan)鐵皮石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)產(chan)地(di)地(di)域處(chu)于具有典型丹霞地(di)貌(mao)特征(zheng)的(de)國家4A級(ji)風景名勝(sheng)區(qu)——冠豸(zhi)山(shan)(shan),這里山(shan)(shan)巒起伏、青山(shan)(shan)綠水、空氣清新(xin),適(shi)宜蘭科植物生長,野(ye)生石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)資源豐(feng)富,山(shan)(shan)體母巖為砂礫巖、 紫色頁巖、云母巖、鉀(jia)長石(shi)等,土壤富含(han)硒等對人體有益的(de)礦物質,產(chan)地(di)生態環境優越,具備發(fa)展(zhan)品質獨特“冠豸(zhi)山(shan)(shan)鐵皮石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)”生產(chan)的(de)區(qu)域優勢。
2、氣(qi)候情況:冠(guan)豸山屬(shu)中亞(ya)熱(re)帶季風海(hai)洋(yang)性氣(qi)候,夏(xia)無酷暑,冬無嚴(yan)寒,夏(xia)長冬短,晝(zhou)夜溫(wen)差(cha)、濕差(cha)大,雨量充沛,雨熱(re)同期(qi)。年(nian)平均實照(zhao)時數為(wei)1915.9小時,≥10℃年(nian)有效活(huo)動積溫(wen)為(wei)6492.9℃,年(nian)平均降(jiang)雨量1833.9㎜,無霜期(qi)340天以上。這種氣(qi)候特(te)點為(wei)冠(guan)豸山鐵皮(pi)石(shi)(shi)斛生長創造了優越(yue)的(de)環境,年(nian)生長期(qi)達(da)300天,物質(zhi)積累豐富,加之丹霞地貌(mao)巖石(shi)(shi)富含(han)豐富礦物質(zhi),造就了冠(guan)豸山鐵皮(pi)石(shi)(shi)斛的(de)特(te)異性。
三.地域范圍
冠(guan)豸(zhi)山鐵皮(pi)石斛(hu)地域(yu)保護(hu)范圍包(bao)括:連(lian)城縣(xian)轄區內的蓮峰鎮、北(bei)團鎮、姑田(tian)鎮、文(wen)亨(heng)鎮、莒溪鎮、朋口鎮東部(bu)、新泉(quan)鎮東部(bu)、廟前鎮東部(bu)、林坊鄉(xiang)(xiang)、曲溪鄉(xiang)(xiang)、賴(lai)源鄉(xiang)(xiang)、宣和鄉(xiang)(xiang)東部(bu)、隔川鄉(xiang)(xiang)、羅坊鄉(xiang)(xiang)大部(bu)、四(si)堡(bao)鄉(xiang)(xiang)東南部(bu)、揭樂鄉(xiang)(xiang)、塘前鄉(xiang)(xiang),8鎮、9鄉(xiang)(xiang)。介于(yu)東經116°32'14"~116°36'38",北(bei)緯25°20'23"~25°52′48"之間。東至(zhi)賴(lai)源鄉(xiang)(xiang);西至(zhi)宣和鄉(xiang)(xiang);南至(zhi)莒溪鎮;北(bei)至(zhi)四(si)堡(bao)鄉(xiang)(xiang)。東西最(zui)寬(kuan)57公(gong)里(li)(li),南北(bei)最(zui)長66公(gong)里(li)(li)。總保護(hu)土地面積2100平方(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li),人工種植面積2300畝,鮮(xian)品(pin)年總產量920 噸。其中,冠(guan)豸(zhi)山鐵皮(pi)石斛(hu)種質資源保護(hu)核心區域(yu)位于(yu)冠(guan)豸(zhi)山周圍,面積250平方(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li)。
四.產品品質特性(xing)特征
植物學(xue)特征(zheng)(zheng)冠豸山(shan)鐵皮(pi)石(shi)斛為(wei)蘭科石(shi)斛屬。表皮(pi)紫(zi)(zi)(zi)色(se),莖(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)桿外表灰白、有黃(huang)紫(zi)(zi)(zi)銹點色(se)縱(zong)紋(wen)(wen),叢生,圓(yuan)柱形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),不分枝(zhi)、多節(jie),節(jie)間距長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)短(duan)不等,成熟(shu)枝(zhi)條長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)0—5cm,粗(cu)mm一(yi)(yi)7mm,間節(jie).5cm;幼嫩(nen)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5cm一(yi)(yi)7cm,肥壯飽滿,直(zhi)(zhi)徑0.5—0.8cm不等,當年生葉(xie)(xie)5枚(mei)(mei)一(yi)(yi)0枚(mei)(mei),葉(xie)(xie)鞘(qiao)帶肉質(zhi)生于莖(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)節(jie)上,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)狀(zhuang)披(pi)針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),紙(zhi)質(zhi),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)7cm,寬9mm一(yi)(yi)5mm,葉(xie)(xie)鞘(qiao)抱莖(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),幼嫩(nen)時呈紫(zi)(zi)(zi)綠(lv)色(se),老莖(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)葉(xie)(xie)鞘(qiao)有紫(zi)(zi)(zi)紅色(se)斑點分布,呈列,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)略彎垂。花(hua)序(xu)生于二年生莖(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的上部或(huo)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)頂,花(hua)序(xu)軸(zhou)稍折(zhe)曲,五角形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、大小相似、生無葉(xie)(xie)反(fan)側(ce)(ce)節(jie)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)部上,花(hua)序(xu)柄長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)4cm一(yi)(yi)8cm,有朵一(yi)(yi)5朵花(hua),直(zhi)(zhi)徑5cm,萼片花(hua)瓣淡黃(huang)金色(se),唇瓣近白色(se)而上部具個(ge)紫(zi)(zi)(zi)紅色(se)大斑塊,下(xia)部兩(liang)側(ce)(ce)是紫(zi)(zi)(zi)紅色(se)條紋(wen)(wen);中(zhong)萼片與花(hua)瓣相似,矩圓(yuan)狀(zhuang)披(pi)針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)7cm一(yi)(yi)9cm,寬4mm—5mm;萼囊圓(yuan)錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5mm;唇瓣卵狀(zhuang)披(pi)針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)6cm不明顯裂或(huo)不裂;唇盤上密被乳突狀(zhuang)短(duan)柔毛,基部有一(yi)(yi)枚(mei)(mei)綠(lv)黃(huang)色(se)胼胝(zhi)體。蕊(rui)(rui)柱粗(cu)短(duan),基部具蕊(rui)(rui)柱足,蕊(rui)(rui)喙很(hen)小,花(hua)粉團蠟質(zhi),卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),4個(ge),離生,每個(ge)為(wei)l對。子房下(xia)位(wei)。花(hua)期(qi)5—7月,萼片花(hua)瓣淡黃(huang)金色(se),0月一(yi)(yi)月成熟(shu)果(guo)(guo)實(蒴(shuo)果(guo)(guo))橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5cm,直(zhi)(zhi)徑0.4cm一(yi)(yi)0.9 cm,果(guo)(guo)外有棱(leng),未成熟(shu)時為(wei)綠(lv)色(se),成熟(shu)時漸轉(zhuan)黃(huang)綠(lv)色(se)至淡黃(huang)色(se),內含(han)極多細(xi)小種(zhong)(zhong)子,呈金黃(huang)色(se)細(xi)粉狀(zhuang),一(yi)(yi)般一(yi)(yi)個(ge)果(guo)(guo)實有種(zhong)(zhong)子幾(ji)萬粒。冠豸山(shan)石(shi)斛最大特征(zheng)(zheng)是莖(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)基底(di)部粗(cu)壯,黑節(jie)明顯,表面(mian)紫(zi)(zi)(zi)綠(lv)色(se)光滑或(huo)有縱(zong)紋(wen)(wen)。
野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)鐵皮石(shi)斛(hu)氣生(sheng)(sheng)根發達,多附生(sheng)(sheng)于海拔00米以上(shang)高(gao)度(du)的(de)(de)懸崖峭壁和巖(yan)石(shi)縫隙之間(jian),或山地濕(shi)潤的(de)(de)林(lin)中(zhong)(zhong)長(chang)(chang)滿苔蘚、爬滿野(ye)(ye)藤、直(zhi)徑粗的(de)(de)闊葉樹上(shang)原生(sheng)(sheng)性闊葉樹林(lin)之中(zhong)(zhong),喜高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)高(gao)熱、陰濕(shi)潤的(de)(de)環境(jing)背光生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang),不耐寒(han),通常與(yu)地衣、蕨(jue)類(lei)和蘚類(lei)植物互生(sheng)(sheng)。適(shi)宜在空氣相對濕(shi)度(du)大(da)(da)于70%的(de)(de)環境(jing)下(xia)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang),生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)適(shi)溫(wen)(wen)7~0℃,最適(shi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)6~℃,白(bai)天氣溫(wen)(wen)在0~5℃,晚(wan)間(jian)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)為0~℃最佳。白(bai)天溫(wen)(wen)度(du)超過0℃對石(shi)斛(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)影(ying)響不大(da)(da),冬季(ji)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)不低于0℃。幼苗在0℃以下(xia)容易受凍,對生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)環境(jing)條件(jian)要(yao)求(qiu)苛刻(ke)。休眠期(qi)0~月。野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)鐵皮的(de)(de)自然繁(fan)殖能(neng)力低、生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)緩(huan)慢,目前(qian)已禁(jin)止采摘。
①外在感官冠豸山鐵(tie)皮石(shi)斛(hu)鮮品表皮呈(cheng)褐鐵(tie)色,成(cheng)熟(shu)枝條具紫紅(hong)色斑(ban)點,葉(xie)鞘不(bu)完全包被(bei)形成(cheng)明顯的環狀間隙,莖(jing)(jing)略彎垂,莖(jing)(jing)基底(di)部粗壯;花(hua)期5-7月,萼(e)片花(hua)瓣淡黃金(jin)色;肉質(zhi)堅實(shi),易折(zhe)斷,斷口(kou)平整;多(duo)膠多(duo)汁,纖維少,久嚼粘滯感強,口(kou)感香甜,味微甘(gan);質(zhi)地(di)柔軟,加工楓斗色澤金(jin)黃,成(cheng)品率高(gao),規格好,咀嚼渣少,粘液豐富,氣(qi)味香。
②內(nei)在品質(zhi)多糖(tang)以無水葡(pu)萄糖(tang)計≥5%,甘露(lu)糖(tang)%-8%,甘露(lu)糖(tang)與葡(pu)萄糖(tang)的峰面積比4-8.0,水分≤.0%,總(zong)灰分≤6.0%。入市冠豸山鐵皮石斛必須(xu)達到《中華(hua)人民(min)共(gong)和國藥典》00版的要求。
五.特定生產方式
1、產地要求:符合(he)NY/T391《綠色食(shi)品(pin) 產地環境技術條件》的(de)要求,選擇自(zi)然(ran)植被豐富,空氣(qi)清(qing)新,水源清(qing)潔的(de)良好生態環境作冠豸山(shan)鐵皮石(shi)斛(hu)的(de)生產基地。
2、品種選擇:冠豸(zhi)山鐵皮石(shi)斛(hu)。
3、種植方式(shi): 分為地栽(zai)、盆栽(zai)、架栽(zai)、樹栽(zai)等(deng);商(shang)品性(xing)冠豸山鐵皮石斛(hu)以地栽(zai)、架栽(zai)為主,種苗繁育以組(zu)織培養、扦插繁殖(zhi)為主。
4、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)控(kong)(kong)制:“冠豸(zhi)山(shan)(shan)鐵皮(pi)石斛(hu)”生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)全過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng),包(bao)括生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基(ji)地選(xuan)擇、基(ji)質配(pei)方(fang)及其處理(li)(li),栽種(zhong)、管理(li)(li)、收(shou)獲等。其中,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)管理(li)(li)的(de)(de)農(nong)業投(tou)入(ru)品(pin)(pin)有(you)肥(fei)料與農(nong)藥(yao),將(jiang)嚴格按(an)照(zhao)NY/T394《綠色食品(pin)(pin)肥(fei)料使用(yong)(yong)(yong)準則》和(he)NY/T393《綠色食品(pin)(pin)農(nong)藥(yao)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)準則》執行,同時,做好生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)記(ji)(ji)錄檔案,即(ji)在“冠豸(zhi)山(shan)(shan)鐵皮(pi)石斛(hu)”生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中,各項農(nong)事活(huo)動,農(nong)業投(tou)入(ru)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)購買、使用(yong)(yong)(yong)情況(kuang)(kuang),產(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)加(jia)工與銷(xiao)售(shou)情況(kuang)(kuang),將(jiang)嚴格進行記(ji)(ji)錄造冊,建立“冠豸(zhi)山(shan)(shan)鐵皮(pi)石斛(hu)”生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)質量(liang)可追溯制度。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)應符合《冠豸(zhi)山(shan)(shan)鐵皮(pi)石斛(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)技術(shu)規范》要求(qiu)。如實記(ji)(ji)錄生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)投(tou)入(ru)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)名稱、來源、用(yong)(yong)(yong)法(fa)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)和(he)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)、停(ting)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)日(ri)期、收(shou)獲日(ri)期、質量(liang)檢(jian)測情況(kuang)(kuang)、加(jia)工情況(kuang)(kuang)、銷(xiao)售(shou)情況(kuang)(kuang)、溫濕調控(kong)(kong)情況(kuang)(kuang),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)記(ji)(ji)錄應保存2年。
5、產(chan)品(pin)采收加工(gong):
①采(cai)收(shou)(shou):冠豸(zhi)山鐵(tie)皮(pi)石斛在每(mei)年(nian)春末植株萌芽前(11月(yue)至次年(nian)2月(yue))采(cai)收(shou)(shou),有采(cai)舊留(liu)新和全草采(cai)收(shou)(shou)兩種方式。實(shi)行(xing)采(cai)舊留(liu)新的,采(cai)收(shou)(shou)時剪下(xia)2年(nian)以上(shang)的地上(shang)部分(fen)莖枝,留(liu)下(xia)嫩(nen)莖讓其繼續生(sheng)長(chang)。
②加工(gong):將(jiang)剪下的鐵皮石斛鮮(xian)(xian)品去(qu)除雜質、根、花序梗(geng)、剝(bo)去(qu)葉鞘,短條(tiao)留用,長條(tiao)切成7-10厘米的短段,放(fang)入(ru)沸水(shui)略燙,撈出晾干(gan)后放(fang)入(ru)簸(bo)箕,底下放(fang)一(yi)盆炭(tan)火60℃以下低(di)溫烘(hong)干(gan),含水(shui)量11﹪,表面至棕黃(huang)色即可(ke)。后將(jiang)其用手(shou)工(gong)卷曲,再用稻草桿捆扎使其卷曲緊密(mi),不至散開,形態均勻美觀(guan)。新鮮(xian)(xian)的原(yuan)料經過手(shou)工(gong)作坊卷曲、捆扎、炙烤烘(hong)干(gan),就制成了“楓(feng)斗”。