松貝(bei)(bei)是川貝(bei)(bei)母(mu)的一種(zhong)。在我(wo)國,貝(bei)(bei)母(mu)品種(zhong)有十多種(zhong),其中最有名的有川貝(bei)(bei)、青貝(bei)(bei)和浙貝(bei)(bei),川貝(bei)(bei)中又以(yi)松貝(bei)(bei)為最優。
產地
松(song)(song)(song)(song)貝主產于“松(song)(song)(song)(song)潘草地(di)”,即阿(a)壩(ba)州松(song)(song)(song)(song)潘、紅原、若爾蓋的大片草地(di)上。因(yin)過去松(song)(song)(song)(song)潘為川、甘、青土(tu)特(te)產品集散地(di),這一帶的貝母都(dou)運到松(song)(song)(song)(song)州城(cheng)里來做(zuo)交易(yi),故得名松(song)(song)(song)(song)貝。
特征
松(song)(song)(song)貝(bei)的(de)特(te)征之一(yi)是“懷中抱月”,即一(yi)片較大的(de)弧形貝(bei)母(mu)瓣抱著一(yi)片較瘦小的(de)貝(bei)母(mu)瓣。松(song)(song)(song)貝(bei)的(de)另一(yi)特(te)征是“嘴(zui)巴尖(jian),0圓(yuan)”。因其“嘴(zui)”小,所以也(ye)有(you)人(ren)叫它為(wei)尖(jian)貝(bei);因其“0”圓(yuan),有(you)人(ren)驗證(zheng)松(song)(song)(song)貝(bei)真(zhen)偽時,抓一(yi)把貝(bei)母(mu)撒在桌(zhuo)面上(shang),如果(guo)十有(you)八九能穩坐(zuo)不動(dong),準是松(song)(song)(song)貝(bei)無疑(yi)。
習性
松貝(bei)(bei)為(wei)百(bai)合科植物(wu)暗紫(zi)貝(bei)(bei)母(mu)(mu)的鱗莖。種子入(ru)土(tu)后(hou),第一(yi)(yi)(yi)年冒出一(yi)(yi)(yi)匹(pi)葉(xie),老(lao)百(bai)姓(xing)稱(cheng)這一(yi)(yi)(yi)年的貝(bei)(bei)母(mu)(mu)為(wei)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)匹(pi)葉(xie)”;第二(er)年抽(chou)出主(zhu)桿,老(lao)百(bai)姓(xing)稱(cheng)這一(yi)(yi)(yi)年的貝(bei)(bei)母(mu)(mu)為(wei)“樹兒子”;第三年開出燈籠狀的花(hua),老(lao)百(bai)姓(xing)稱(cheng)這一(yi)(yi)(yi)年的貝(bei)(bei)母(mu)(mu)為(wei)“燈籠花(hua)”(暗紫(zi)貝(bei)(bei)母(mu)(mu)的花(hua),其花(hua)瓣(ban)為(wei)暗紫(zi)色,上面(mian)有黃(huang)色斑點,花(hua)蕊為(wei)桔黃(huang)色,非常好看)。
藥用價值
松貝(bei)是潤肺消炎(yan)、鎮咳化(hua)痰(tan)的(de)名貴藥材,因此是饋贈(zeng)友人的(de)高級禮(li)品(pin)。由于松貝(bei)的(de)采挖季節在(zai)每年的(de)6至9月間,因而松貝(bei)商品(pin)也在(zai)這時(shi)(shi)候(hou)上(shang)(shang)市。 購(gou)買松貝(bei)時(shi)(shi),以(yi)(yi)顆(ke)粒小而飽滿,色白,嘴(zui)尖,0圓者為上(shang)(shang)品(pin),尤以(yi)(yi)豌豆大小的(de)為最(zui)佳,俗稱“珍(zhen)珠貝(bei)”。
產品特色
“松(song)(song)貝(bei)(松(song)(song)潘(pan)(pan)產區(qu)(qu))”是(shi)松(song)(song)潘(pan)(pan)地道中藥材之一,也是(shi)最具(ju)代表(biao)性的(de)名貴地道瀕(bin)危珍(zhen)稀(xi)藥材品(pin)種之一,具(ju)有(you)很高的(de)藥用(yong)價(jia)值和藥膳保健食用(yong)價(jia)值。呈類(lei)圓(yuan)錐形或近球形,表(biao)面類(lei)白色,質(zhi)硬而脆,斷面白色,富粉性,氣(qi)味微苦。每50g干鱗莖有(you)240粒(li)至960粒(li),經資(zi)質(zhi)單位測試,無論是(shi)野(ye)生(sheng)松(song)(song)貝(bei)(松(song)(song)潘(pan)(pan)產區(qu)(qu))還是(shi)人工生(sheng)產的(de)松(song)(song)貝(bei)(松(song)(song)潘(pan)(pan)產區(qu)(qu)),品(pin)質(zhi)指(zhi)標均高于其他(ta)區(qu)(qu)域生(sheng)產的(de)貝(bei)母藥材。
松(song)(song)貝(bei)(松(song)(song)潘(pan)產區(qu))地理標志產品保護范圍為(wei)四川(chuan)省(sheng)松(song)(song)潘(pan)縣現轄行(xing)政區(qu)域。