芒果视频

一.產品介紹

美(mei)姑山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)，是由(you)美(mei)姑縣巴普鎮俄普村一帶駐地彝民族在(zai)(zai)(zai)特定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生態環境(jing)下(xia)和特殊(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)生活方(fang)式下(xia)飼養(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)逐步培育(yu)形成的(de)(de)(de)(de)。據2000多年前形成的(de)(de)(de)(de)美(mei)姑彝族經典文獻《孜孜尼渣(zha)》中記載(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)美(mei)姑彝族人民在(zai)(zai)(zai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)祭祀神靈、祈求平安的(de)(de)(de)(de)儀(yi)式中所使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)動物“癡布樹尼”就(jiu)是指(zhi)黑色公山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)飼養(yang)(yang)管理過程中，農戶只能將山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)關(guan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)圈里同豬(zhu)一起喂(wei)養(yang)(yang)或將山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)用繩索(suo)套牢(lao)牽至(zhi)耕地附近進行(xing)拴牧和牽牧，由(you)此(ci)逐漸形成了(le)以圈養(yang)(yang)為主的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)生產(chan)模式。由(you)于放牧場地有限(xian)，每(mei)家每(mei)戶飼養(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)數量也(ye)有限(xian)，少量的(de)(de)(de)(de)飼養(yang)(yang)使(shi)農戶投入(ru)了(le)更多的(de)(de)(de)(de)精力，使(shi)當地的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)得到了(le)精心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)飼養(yang)(yang)，生產(chan)性能不斷(duan)得到提高(gao)。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素(su)

（1）土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌情況(kuang)：美姑縣位(wei)于涼山(shan)(shan)州東北部(bu)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)處大涼山(shan)(shan)腹心地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)帶，距州府西(xi)昌171公里(li)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)處青藏高原(yuan)東南(nan)部(bu)的(de)(de)橫斷山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)與四(si)川盆地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)西(xi)南(nan)邊緣交匯處，境內(nei)山(shan)(shan)巒(luan)起伏，河流(liu)縱橫，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)由東北向西(xi)南(nan)傾(qing)斜，平均(jun)海拔(ba)2000米，最(zui)高海拔(ba)在大風頂(ding)為(wei)(wei)4042米，最(zui)低處640米。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形以(yi)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)，丘陵和平壩只占(zhan)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)8%。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有(you)17個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)類，以(yi)黃(huang)棕(zong)壤(rang)、暗(an)棕(zong)壤(rang)、紫色土(tu)(tu)(tu)、草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)甸(dian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)。全(quan)縣天然草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)193.35萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)。草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)共有(you)8類：亞高山(shan)(shan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)甸(dian)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)44.53萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，占(zhan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)23.03％；高寒(han)灌(guan)叢(cong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)10.79萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，占(zhan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)5.58％；高寒(han)沼澤草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)0.27萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，占(zhan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)0.14％；山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)疏林草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)25.28萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，占(zhan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)13.07％；山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)灌(guan)叢(cong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)25.27萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，占(zhan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)13.07％；山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)叢(cong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)18.86萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，占(zhan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)9.75％；山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)甸(dian)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)25.89萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，占(zhan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)13.34％；農隙地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)42.46萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，占(zhan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)21.96％。天然牧(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)主(zhu)(zhu)要有(you)禾本科(ke)(ke)、莎草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)科(ke)(ke)、豆(dou)科(ke)(ke)、菊(ju)科(ke)(ke)；人工牧(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)主(zhu)(zhu)要種植白(bai)三葉、多年(nian)生 黑麥草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、光葉紫花(hua)苕、紫花(hua)苜蓿、皇竹草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)等。

（2）水(shui)文情況: 美(mei)姑山(shan)羊產地區域(yu)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)為內(nei)陸河(he)(he)(he)，全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)大小河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)和溪溝(gou)159條(tiao)，總長287公(gong)里。東北部的(de)瓦侯河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)入馬邊(bian)河(he)(he)(he)，屬岷江(jiang)水(shui)系，河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)全(quan)長45公(gong)里；美(mei)姑河(he)(he)(he)(含(han)下游溜筒河(he)(he)(he))由北向南(nan)出境流(liu)(liu)入金沙(sha)江(jiang)，境內(nei)干流(liu)(liu)總長142.5公(gong)里。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)年(nian)涇流(liu)(liu)量29億立方米，水(shui)資(zi)源豐(feng)富。

（3）氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)條件：境內(nei)山(shan)嶺連綿，異(yi)(yi)峰疊起，大(da)(da)部份為高(gao)山(shan)谷地(di)，最(zui)(zui)高(gao)海(hai)拔的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)風頂(ding)為4042米，最(zui)(zui)低海(hai)拔640米，海(hai)拔高(gao)差(cha)懸殊很大(da)(da)，立體氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)明(ming)顯，四季分明(ming)，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)11.4℃，日(ri)(ri)溫(wen)(wen)差(cha)較大(da)(da)。常年(nian)(nian)日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)充足，年(nian)(nian)日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)1790.7小時，雨量(liang)充沛(pei)，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)降水量(liang)814.6毫米，但降水量(liang)北(bei)部多(duo)南部少，分布不均(jun)。冬季長達135天，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)霜(shuang)期125天。得(de)天獨厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)自然(ran)環境孕育出了許許多(duo)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)珍禽異(yi)(yi)獸，其中(zhong)最(zui)(zui)具代表的(de)(de)(de)(de)美(mei)姑(gu)大(da)(da)熊貓具有性(xing)情溫(wen)(wen)順、繁殖率強的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點，1974年(nian)(nian)送(song)(song)往墨西哥(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)雌性(xing)大(da)(da)熊貓在墨西哥(ge)(ge)首產(chan)成活幼(you)仔(zi)(zi)而轟動(dong)世界，1975年(nian)(nian)送(song)(song)往成都動(dong)物園(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)熊貓“美(mei)美(mei)”連產(chan)7胎，成為懷孕率、產(chan)仔(zi)(zi)率、產(chan)仔(zi)(zi)成活率最(zui)(zui)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“英雄母親(qin)”，2008年(nian)(nian)送(song)(song)往臺灣的(de)(de)(de)(de)“團團”、“園(yuan)園(yuan)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)祖藉也是美(mei)姑(gu)縣大(da)(da)風頂(ding)自然(ran)保護區。同(tong)時也孕育出了性(xing)情溫(wen)(wen)順、繁殖率高(gao)、屠(tu)宰率高(gao)、膽固醇含量(liang)低、肉質好的(de)(de)(de)(de)美(mei)姑(gu)山(shan)羊。

（4）人文歷史(shi)(shi)情況(kuang)：美(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)是直接從(cong)(cong)(cong)奴(nu)隸社會(hui)跨入社會(hui)主(zhu)義社會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彝(yi)族(zu)(zu)聚居(ju)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)，在(zai)長期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)活中(zhong)，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)是彝(yi)族(zu)(zu)人民在(zai)婚喪嫁娶(qu)、畢摩法事、過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)年(nian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)節、走(zou)親(qin)訪友、招待貴客時必需宰(zai)殺(sha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)牲(sheng)畜(chu)(chu)，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)位僅次于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)牛(niu)。由(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)兼具(ju)(ju)(ju)了(le)“偶蹄四(si)肢(zhi)”和(he)皮毛可利(li)用、肉質細嫩鮮美(mei)等食用貴重動物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)征(zheng)，且其(qi)個(ge)體(ti)適中(zhong)，價格(ge)較牛(niu)更(geng)容易讓廣(guang)大彝(yi)族(zu)(zu)人民能(neng)(neng)夠承受，因(yin)此，使用范(fan)圍(wei)比牛(niu)廣(guang)，在(zai)彝(yi)族(zu)(zu)人民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活中(zhong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有不(bu)(bu)(bu)可替代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)彝(yi)族(zu)(zu)人民家家戶(hu)(hu)(hu)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)歷來(lai)都(dou)有飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習(xi)慣(guan)。美(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)原產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)在(zai)美(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。90年(nian)代初，美(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)畜(chu)(chu)牧工作(zuo)者在(zai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)境(jing)內巴(ba)(ba)普(pu)鎮(zhen)俄普(pu)村為(wei)中(zhong)心區(qu)(qu)域一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)域范(fan)圍(wei)內發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)一(yi)(yi)種高(gao)繁山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)類群，暫(zan)定名為(wei)美(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，其(qi)形成(cheng)歷史(shi)(shi)近30余年(nian)。據調查，美(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)是從(cong)(cong)(cong)上(shang)(shang)世紀(ji)70年(nian)代以(yi)(yi)(yi)來(lai)，由(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)美(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)巴(ba)(ba)普(pu)鎮(zhen)俄普(pu)村一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)(dai)駐地(di)(di)(di)(di)彝(yi)民族(zu)(zu)在(zai)特(te)(te)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)下和(he)特(te)(te)殊(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)活方(fang)式(shi)下飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)逐步培(pei)育(yu)(yu)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。由(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)當地(di)(di)(di)(di)交(jiao)通(tong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)便、地(di)(di)(di)(di)域封閉、水草(cao)豐茂、土地(di)(di)(di)(di)肥(fei)沃、人丁興旺、人多地(di)(di)(di)(di)少(shao)(shao)，除 耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)外(wai)(wai)基本上(shang)(shang)沒有什么(me)牲(sheng)畜(chu)(chu)放牧用地(di)(di)(di)(di)，因(yin)此，該村除極少(shao)(shao)經濟條件較好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)能(neng)(neng)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)1－2只(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)外(wai)(wai)幾乎沒有飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)其(qi)它草(cao)食畜(chu)(chu)。在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)管理過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)只(zhi)能(neng)(neng)將山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)關(guan)在(zai)圈(quan)里(li)同豬一(yi)(yi)起喂養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)或將山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)用繩(sheng)索(suo)套牢牽(qian)至耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)附近進(jin)行拴牧和(he)牽(qian)牧，由(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)此逐漸形成(cheng)了(le)以(yi)(yi)(yi)圈(quan)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)模(mo)式(shi)。由(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)放牧場地(di)(di)(di)(di)有限(xian)(xian)，每家每戶(hu)(hu)(hu)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)數量(liang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)有限(xian)(xian)，少(shao)(shao)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)使農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)投(tou)入了(le)更(geng)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)力，使當地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)得(de)到(dao)(dao)了(le)精(jing)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)得(de)到(dao)(dao)提高(gao)。在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)偶爾(er)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)些一(yi)(yi)胎兩羔(gao)，甚(shen)至多羔(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)母體(ti)和(he)后代羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)被農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)長期(qi)留養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，如此經過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)長期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自然選(xuan)擇和(he)群眾自發(fa)(fa)(fa)選(xuan)育(yu)(yu)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)自發(fa)(fa)(fa)將產(chan)(chan)雙羔(gao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公、母羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)作(zuo)為(wei)種羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)再進(jin)行選(xuan)育(yu)(yu)、培(pei)育(yu)(yu)，逐漸形成(cheng)了(le)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有繁殖率高(gao)、前(qian)(qian)期(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)長發(fa)(fa)(fa)育(yu)(yu)速(su)度快、適應范(fan)圍(wei)廣(guang)、性(xing)(xing)情溫順(shun)宜圈(quan)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)效益(yi)高(gao)等特(te)(te)色(se)，并深(shen)受當地(di)(di)(di)(di)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)喜愛，生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)穩(wen)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)優良(liang)(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)類群—美(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。由(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)美(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)較為(wei)簡便，沒有什么(me)特(te)(te)殊(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件限(xian)(xian)制，特(te)(te)別是美(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)黑色(se)、光亮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)被毛特(te)(te)征(zheng)迅速(su)受到(dao)(dao)了(le)廣(guang)大彝(yi)族(zu)(zu)人民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歡迎。美(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)很快成(cheng)為(wei)當地(di)(di)(di)(di)彝(yi)族(zu)(zu)在(zai)傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)年(nian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)節、迎親(qin)嫁娶(qu)等喜慶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)子里(li)贈送親(qin)友的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)珍(zhen)貴畜(chu)(chu)種，收到(dao)(dao)美(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)這一(yi)(yi)貴重禮物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)親(qin)友也(ye)(ye)(ye)倍加珍(zhen)惜和(he)愛護這一(yi)(yi)畜(chu)(chu)種而予(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)精(jing)心喂養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，使得(de)美(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)范(fan)圍(wei)越(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)廣(guang)，數量(liang)越(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)多，規模(mo)越(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)大，在(zai)美(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)范(fan)圍(wei)內形成(cheng)了(le)特(te)(te)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)類群。經過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)畜(chu)(chu)牧部(bu)(bu)門十多年(nian)有計劃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)育(yu)(yu)和(he)推(tui)廣(guang)，美(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)已從(cong)(cong)(cong)1997年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)僅有3個(ge)鄉(xiang)3個(ge)村中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)到(dao)(dao)100戶(hu)(hu)(hu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)到(dao)(dao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)（2008年(nian)統計）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有36個(ge)鄉(xiang)（鎮(zhen)）136個(ge)村的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)8000多戶(hu)(hu)(hu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，存欄美(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)從(cong)(cong)(cong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)到(dao)(dao)400只(zhi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)到(dao)(dao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)59150只(zhi)，核(he)心群達(da)9640只(zhi)，選(xuan)育(yu)(yu)群達(da)12200只(zhi)。主(zhu)要分布(bu)在(zai)海(hai)拔700米(mi)到(dao)(dao)2800米(mi)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巴(ba)(ba)普(pu)鎮(zhen)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)鄉(xiang)、巴(ba)(ba)古(gu)鄉(xiang)、佐戈依達(da)鄉(xiang)、依洛(luo)拉達(da)鄉(xiang)、牛(niu)牛(niu)壩鄉(xiang)、九(jiu)口(kou)鄉(xiang)、洛(luo)俄依甘鄉(xiang)、井葉特(te)(te)西鄉(xiang)等全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)36個(ge)鄉(xiang)（鎮(zhen)）136個(ge)村。在(zai)美(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)境(jing)內海(hai)拔700米(mi)到(dao)(dao)2800米(mi)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)都(dou)表現(xian)(xian)(xian)出了(le)良(liang)(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適應性(xing)(xing)和(he)高(gao)繁性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遺傳穩(wen)定性(xing)(xing)。同時美(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)式(shi)既(ji)可舍飼(si)(si)也(ye)(ye)(ye)可放牧，不(bu)(bu)(bu)但(dan)(dan)適合(he)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)半農(nong)(nong)(nong)半牧區(qu)(qu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，也(ye)(ye)(ye)適合(he)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)區(qu)(qu)和(he)牧區(qu)(qu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)但(dan)(dan)適合(he)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)美(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，也(ye)(ye)(ye)適合(he)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)涼山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、四(si)川大部(bu)(bu)分地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，周邊涼山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)州境(jing)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雷(lei)波、昭(zhao)覺、金陽、布(bu)拖、越(yue)(yue)西以(yi)(yi)(yi)及樂山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)峨邊、馬邊等縣(xian)(xian)(xian)均曾來(lai)我縣(xian)(xian)(xian)引進(jin)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。其(qi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)前(qian)(qian)景非常廣(guang)闊。

三.地域范圍

美姑(gu)山(shan)羊地(di)理(li)標志畜(chu)產品產地(di)范圍為四川省(sheng)涼山(shan)州美姑(gu)縣所轄的36個(ge)鄉鎮291個(ge)村。其地(di)理(li)坐標為東經102°53′-103°29′，北緯28°02′-28°53′。

四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征(zheng)

（1）美(mei)姑(gu)(gu)山羊(yang)肉質感官特征：宰(zai)殺后，肌肉豐(feng)滿緊密、有堅實感、顏色鮮艷、光澤潤(run)滑、水嫩多汁、紅色均(jun)(jun)勻(yun)(yun)，用手觸摸濕潤(run)不粘(zhan)手、肌纖(xian)維韌性強、有彈性，胴體表面(mian)被覆一層薄薄的(de)白色、均(jun)(jun)勻(yun)(yun)的(de)脂肪(fang)分布，有輕微的(de)膻味(wei)，無其他異味(wei)。煮(zhu)沸后的(de)羊(yang)肉湯(tang)(tang)澄清透(tou)明，羊(yang)脂團浮(fu)聚于(yu)湯(tang)(tang)表面(mian)，香氣四溢，風(feng)味(wei)十足(zu)，具有鮮、香、濃等特色，品嘗過美(mei)姑(gu)(gu)山羊(yang)湯(tang)(tang)鍋的(de)人都(dou)對其贊不絕口。

（2）美(mei)姑(gu)(gu)山(shan)羊肉(rou)(rou)(rou)內(nei)在品質(zhi)(zhi)指標和(he)風(feng)味(wei)(wei)(wei)特(te)征：美(mei)姑(gu)(gu)山(shan)羊肉(rou)(rou)(rou)（后腿肌肉(rou)(rou)(rou)）經農(nong)業部食品質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監(jian)督檢驗測(ce)試中心（成都）進行了測(ce)定和(he)分(fen)析，結果表(biao)明：美(mei)姑(gu)(gu)山(shan)羊肉(rou)(rou)(rou)品質(zhi)(zhi)好，營養豐富，水(shui)分(fen)含量(liang)(liang)為(wei)74.73%，肌肉(rou)(rou)(rou)中粗蛋(dan)白含量(liang)(liang)達22.3%，粗脂(zhi)肪含量(liang)(liang)達3.72%，灰分(fen)含量(liang)(liang)達0.97%。膽固(gu)醇含量(liang)(liang)為(wei)41.7㎎/100g，明顯低(di)于84.62%的其他(ta)山(shan)羊肉(rou)(rou)(rou)在成都檢測(ce)的平(ping)均數；富含17種氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)基(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)，其中天(tian)冬門氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)2.26%、蘇氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)0.96%、絲(si)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)0.79%、谷氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)3.75%、甘氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)1.25%、丙氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)1.52%、胱氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)0.050%、纈氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)1.12%、蛋(dan)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)0.56%、異亮氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)1.06%、亮氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)1.83%、酪氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)0.78%、苯丙氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)0.91%、賴氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)2.10%、組氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)0.58%、精氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)1.56%、脯氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)0.95%，氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)基(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)總量(liang)(liang)22.1%，氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)基(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)含量(liang)(liang)比其他(ta)山(shan)羊肉(rou)(rou)(rou)的平(ping)均數21.63%略高。屠宰率高且鮮肉(rou)(rou)(rou)色澤純(chun)正，具(ju)有清香(xiang)味(wei)(wei)(wei)；熟肉(rou)(rou)(rou)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)質(zhi)(zhi)細嫩(nen)鮮美(mei)；膻味(wei)(wei)(wei)小(xiao)，肉(rou)(rou)(rou)湯香(xiang)味(wei)(wei)(wei)濃郁，風(feng)味(wei)(wei)(wei)獨特(te)。