品質特點
太谷縣位于黃土高原(yuan),獨特的日(ri)照(zhao)、水肥、溫(wen)差條件適合壺瓶棗(zao)(zao)和其(qi)(qi)它棗(zao)(zao)樹的生長、結實。成熟的壺瓶棗(zao)(zao),顏色深紅,單果平均重20g,大果50g以上,有(you)“八個一(yi)尺,十個一(yi)斤”之(zhi)美(mei)稱。壺瓶棗(zao)(zao)營養豐富,每百(bai)克鮮果肉中(zhong)含糖(tang)30-50g,蛋白(bai)質3.3g,鈣41mg,磷23mg,鐵0.5mg,含有(you)各(ge)種(zhong)有(you)機酸(suan)和維(wei)生素,尤其(qi)(qi)是維(wei)生素C的含量達380-600mg,居(ju)百(bai)果之(zhi)首(shou)。壺瓶棗(zao)(zao)制干后,肉質細膩(ni),久貯不(bu)(bu)干,制干率57.2%,干棗(zao)(zao)含糖(tang)量71.4%。壺瓶棗(zao)(zao)還是一(yi)種(zhong)滋補佳品,中(zhong)醫認為有(you)補中(zhong)益(yi)氣,養血安神,生津(jin)液,潤心肺,補五臟(zang),治虛損(sun)及(ji)解毒等(deng)功(gong)效,在產區有(you)“每日(ri)三顆壺瓶棗(zao)(zao),身體(ti)強健不(bu)(bu)服老”的說法(fa)。
主要品種
太谷(gu)縣位(wei)于晉中盆地東(dong)緣(yuan),人工種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)起始久遠,品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁多,相傳戰國時期就有(you)人種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)。太谷(gu)縣境(jing)內(nei)的(de)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)樹(shu)經過多年的(de)更新、嫁接,逐漸改種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為“壺瓶(ping)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)”。壺瓶(ping)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)樹(shu)的(de)優(you)點是(shi)樹(shu)冠大、產量高、壽命長,平均(jun)每株單產50公(gong)斤以上。“原(yuan)生棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)”可在(zai)荒坡地塄(leng)找(zhao)到它的(de)蹤跡(ji),這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)生長呈(cheng)灌叢狀,果(guo)實較小,形狀多有(you)千(qian)秋。栽培(pei)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)樹(shu)常見(jian)于房前屋后,地邊(bian)地塄(leng),其品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)鄉(xiang)土品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)引進品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)兩類:鄉(xiang)土品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)壺瓶(ping)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、郎棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、牙棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、壺瓶(ping)酸、黑葉(xie)子棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、團(tuan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、葫(hu)蘆棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、蜜(mi)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、雞心蜜(mi)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)等,以壺瓶(ping)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)品(pin)質最(zui)好。
種植情況
壺(hu)(hu)(hu)瓶(ping)(ping)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)雖是歷史名(ming)產(chan)(chan),但長(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)以來(lai)受村外的(de)(de)(de)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)樹(shu)(shu) 不(bu)(bu)見棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(實際是疏于管理)的(de)(de)(de)小經(jing)驗(yan)主(zhu)義的(de)(de)(de)影響,結棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)樹(shu)(shu)多(duo)(duo)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)于村內(nei)房(fang)前屋后和有(you)(you)錢人家的(de)(de)(de)園(yuan)(yuan)兒中(zhong)(zhong),多(duo)(duo)品種混(hun)栽,雜(za)收混(hun)曬,棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)好卻圖有(you)(you)虛名(ming),不(bu)(bu)出大價(jia)錢就想收購純正的(de)(de)(de)壺(hu)(hu)(hu)瓶(ping)(ping)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)很(hen)難。建國初期(qi)(qi),全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)壺(hu)(hu)(hu)瓶(ping)(ping)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)樹(shu)(shu)并(bing)不(bu)(bu)多(duo)(duo),除(chu)里美莊村有(you)(you)成片(pian)的(de)(de)(de)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)外,其它地(di)方都比較零散,因管理粗(cu)放(fang),大小年(nian)嚴重,平均株產(chan)(chan)只有(you)(you)十幾斤。合作(zuo)化時期(qi)(qi),為追求果樹(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)效益(yi),蘋果樹(shu)(shu)當家,很(hen)少(shao)有(you)(you)人栽棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)樹(shu)(shu)。三中(zhong)(zhong)全(quan)(quan)會特別是20世紀90年(nian)代(dai)以來(lai),太谷縣(xian)(xian)委、政府把發(fa)展(zhan)壺(hu)(hu)(hu)瓶(ping)(ping)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)當作(zuo)農(nong)民致富奔小康的(de)(de)(de)突破口(kou),鼓勵農(nong)民栽棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)樹(shu)(shu),規(gui)模開發(fa)建棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan),出臺了建設紅棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)大縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)規(gui)劃,2006年(nian)已發(fa)展(zhan)到30萬畝(mu),2300萬株。壺(hu)(hu)(hu)瓶(ping)(ping)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)達(da)6000多(duo)(duo)萬斤,產(chan)(chan)值達(da)到1.2億元。壺(hu)(hu)(hu)瓶(ping)(ping)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)銷售價(jia)突顯于其它棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)品之(zhi)上(shang),鮮棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)2-4元/公斤,干棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)8-16元/公斤,受經(jing)濟效益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)軀使,許多(duo)(duo)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)農(nong)將個頭小的(de)(de)(de)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、酸棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)高(gao)接換成壺(hu)(hu)(hu)瓶(ping)(ping)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)。為增加產(chan)(chan)量(liang),棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)農(nong)們注(zhu)意肥(fei)水管理和病蟲害防(fang)治,花期(qi)(qi)噴布“920”保果。為減(jian)少(shao)采(cai)前裂果爛棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao),不(bu)(bu)少(shao)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)農(nong)在棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)熟(shu)期(qi)(qi)搭蓋了防(fang)雨棚,產(chan)(chan)區專業戶建起了烘(hong)房(fang)、薰(xun)房(fang),收獲(huo)的(de)(de)(de)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)兒,烘(hong)、薰(xun)、曬、陰并(bing)舉,縮短(duan)制(zhi)干周期(qi)(qi),這是前所(suo)未有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)。歸(gui)圃苗(miao)和嫁接苗(miao)的(de)(de)(de)推廣,降(jiang)低了建園(yuan)(yuan)成本(ben),促進了以壺(hu)(hu)(hu)瓶(ping)(ping)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)為主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)密、優、豐棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)建立,這也是一個新走勢。
產品開發
隨著壺瓶棗(zao)(zao)(zao)產(chan)業的發(fa)展,縣(xian)里成(cheng)立了紅(hong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)中心,專(zhuan)門(men)負責(ze)紅(hong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)產(chan)前、產(chan)中、產(chan)后(hou)服務,集(ji)中建(jian)設高產(chan)示范園區,實行標準化(hua)生產(chan);有關鄉鎮建(jian)立了棗(zao)(zao)(zao)業合(he)作(zuo)社,“興谷(gu)”、“萬士達”等(deng)合(he)作(zuo)社突(tu)出品牌(pai)效(xiao)應,注重外包(bao)裝,已成(cheng)為(wei)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)農(nong)聯系外地客商的橋梁(liang)和(he)紐(niu)帶。太谷(gu)縣(xian)天山(shan)斗棗(zao)(zao)(zao)業有限公司打(da)破了單純賣鮮棗(zao)(zao)(zao)、干(gan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)、醉棗(zao)(zao)(zao)的單調的商品模(mo)式,開發(fa)出“無核營養保健棗(zao)(zao)(zao)”、“真空(kong)香酥棗(zao)(zao)(zao)”、“真空(kong)怪味(wei)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)”、“真空(kong)干(gan)脆棗(zao)(zao)(zao)”,“棗(zao)(zao)(zao)泥”,“棗(zao)(zao)(zao)醬”,棗(zao)(zao)(zao)飲(yin)料等(deng)包(bao)裝精美可(ke)以遠走高飛的商品,還在各地建(jian)立了銷(xiao)售網絡(luo)。到2008年,太谷(gu)壺瓶棗(zao)(zao)(zao)的產(chan)品銷(xiao)售已拓展到北京、重慶、南京、長沙、廣州等(deng)地,而且(qie)遠銷(xiao)到韓國(guo)(guo)、日本等(deng)國(guo)(guo)。
2001年以來(lai),太谷縣委、政府牽頭在(zai)壺(hu)(hu)瓶棗兒紅了的九(jiu)月下(xia)旬每年舉辦(ban)一(yi)屆紅棗節,“舊城、老宅藏(zang)旅游棗文(wen)化(hua)展民(min)間風采,一(yi)顆棗一(yi)美元商(shang)機之玄妙任你把握”。真是(shi)“壺(hu)(hu)瓶棗兒甜又(you)香,農商(shang)工學(xue)聚一(yi)堂,政府造(zao)勢(shi)民(min)得益,千(qian)家(jia)萬戶(hu)奔小(xiao)康”。
榮譽認證
壺(hu)(hu)瓶棗(zao)先后榮(rong)(rong)獲(huo)(huo)(huo):1996年(nian)(nian)11月(yue)榮(rong)(rong)獲(huo)(huo)(huo)專家(jia)評優銀(yin)獎;2000年(nian)(nian)1月(yue)榮(rong)(rong)獲(huo)(huo)(huo)最受迎產(chan)品獎;2002年(nian)(nian)11月(yue)在(zai)廈門榮(rong)(rong)獲(huo)(huo)(huo)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)名優果(guo)品;1997年(nian)(nian)10月(yue)在(zai)太(tai)原榮(rong)(rong)獲(huo)(huo)(huo)十大名棗(zao)稱(cheng)號;2002年(nian)(nian)9月(yue)在(zai)晉中(zhong)(zhong)榮(rong)(rong)獲(huo)(huo)(huo)金獎產(chan)品;壺(hu)(hu)瓶棗(zao)原產(chan)太(tai)谷(gu),2001年(nian)(nian)8月(yue)國(guo)家(jia)林業局(ju)授予太(tai)谷(gu)縣“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)棗(zao)鄉”稱(cheng)號;2004年(nian)(nian)進行了(le)壺(hu)(hu)瓶棗(zao)產(chan)地無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)認定和壺(hu)(hu)瓶棗(zao)無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)產(chan)品認證(zheng),并于(yu)2007年(nian)(nian)通過了(le)地理標志產(chan)品保護。相關傳說
關(guan)于壺(hu)瓶棗(zao)的(de)(de)產生(sheng)、定(ding)名(ming)和(he)具體栽培史難以考(kao)究,但(dan)壺(hu)瓶棗(zao)的(de)(de)原產地(di)(di)太谷(gu)縣里(li)美莊(zhuang)村村南的(de)(de)二佛山上遺存的(de)(de)戰國(guo)時期的(de)(de)點將臺和(he)孫臏(bin)借棗(zao)伏兵的(de)(de)傳說(shuo)故事流傳于民間,生(sheng)動感(gan)人。相傳當時陽邑(時為縣治(zhi)所在(zai)地(di)(di))一帶是古戰場,孫臏(bin)、龐(pang)涓(juan)的(de)(de)馬陵之戰就(jiu)發生(sheng)在(zai)這里(li),當時正值秋天,里(li)美莊(zhuang)一帶紅棗(zao)滿坡,孫臏(bin)看(kan)中(zhong)了棗(zao)兒可(ke)頂戰士(shi)糧,采取減灶計迷(mi)惑龐(pang)涓(juan),最終將龐(pang)部誘進包圍圈,置(zhi)于死地(di)(di)。20世紀50年代初,中(zhong)央政(zheng)府從中(zhong)國(guo)各地(di)(di)選(xuan)送名(ming)特(te)優農副(fu)產品(pin)為前蘇(su)聯的(de)(de)斯(si)大林(lin)(lin)祝壽,里(li)美莊(zhuang)村“老滿紅”棗(zao)園里(li)的(de)(de)壺(hu)瓶棗(zao)被選(xuan)定(ding)為禮品(pin),據說(shuo)斯(si)大林(lin)(lin)吃(chi)了贊不絕口(kou),從此(ci),太谷(gu)里(li)美莊(zhuang)的(de)(de)壺(hu)瓶棗(zao)的(de)(de)名(ming)聲(sheng)就(jiu)傳開了。