一.產品介紹
連(lian)伯(bo)韭(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)分布于山西省南部河津(jin)市陽(yang)(yang)村(cun)鄉的連(lian)伯(bo)村(cun)、永(yong)安村(cun)、太陽(yang)(yang)村(cun)、郭(guo)家莊村(cun)、峻嶺村(cun)5個行政村(cun),地域保護(hu)范圍東經110°32′16″~110°32′20″,北緯35°08′18″~35°08′22″,認(ren)證面積2000公(gong)頃(qing),年產量(liang)12萬噸。 連(lian)伯(bo)韭(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)種植(zhi)歷史(shi)悠久(jiu),根壯葉肥、葉皮寬厚無絲、白桿(gan)粗長(chang),吃起來辣中帶(dai)甜,清(qing)香可口,非常清(qing)脆(cui),一掐就斷不帶(dai)絲。經鑒定,連(lian)伯(bo)韭(jiu)菜(cai)(cai)每100克(ke)含蛋白質2.40-2.94g、脂肪0.40-0.49g、碳(tan)水化(hua)合物3.32-4.60g、膳食纖維1.24-1.40g。
二.自然(ran)生態環境和人文(wen)歷史因素(su)
土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)貌(mao):土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中(zhong)性,PH值(zhi)8.19,土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)形成和分布因過(guo)去受河(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)泛濫,造成耕(geng)地(di)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)主要有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)兩大(da)類,其中(zhong)優質(zhi)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(砂壤(rang)(rang)腰粘(zhan)耕(geng)種(zhong)淺色(se)草甸土(tu))表土(tu)砂壤(rang)(rang)易耕(geng)種(zhong),粘(zhan)土(tu)層能托(tuo)水(shui)(shui)托(tuo)肥,阻(zu)隔鹽分的(de)占(zhan)70%以(yi)上;較差土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(通(tong)體砂土(tu)耕(geng)種(zhong)淺色(se)草甸土(tu))土(tu)層松(song)散、無(wu)(wu)結(jie)構,通(tong)透性強,保(bao)水(shui)(shui)保(bao)肥性差的(de)約(yue)30%。據土(tu)肥站測定,土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)養分平(ping)(ping)均值(zhi):有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機質(zhi)達到(dao)18.33g/kg,全(quan)N0.73/kg,堿解氮57.69mg/kg,速(su)P14.23mg/kg,速(su)K251.92mg/kg;有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)銅1.22 mg/kg,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)鋅1.59mg/kg,水(shui)(shui)溶態硼1.14mg/kg,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)硫29.00mg/kg。特(te)(te)殊的(de)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)適(shi)合(he)生產(chan)(chan)韭(jiu)菜(cai),無(wu)(wu)可替(ti)代。水(shui)(shui)文情況:河(he)(he)(he)津(jin)市黃(huang)(huang)河(he)(he)(he)灘地(di)處(chu)汾(fen)、黃(huang)(huang)兩河(he)(he)(he)交匯處(chu),水(shui)(shui)域面積大(da),地(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)資源豐(feng)富(fu)(fu),井灌發達,灌溉(gai)水(shui)(shui)均符合(he)無(wu)(wu)公害食品相應(ying)標準的(de)要求,水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)質(zhi)量合(he)格,極有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)利于優質(zhi)韭(jiu)菜(cai)生產(chan)(chan)。氣(qi)候情況:河(he)(he)(he)津(jin)黃(huang)(huang)河(he)(he)(he)灘地(di)處(chu)華北(bei)高原,位于山(shan)西省(sheng)南部 ,地(di)勢(shi)平(ping)(ping)坦,南靠黃(huang)(huang)土(tu)高原坡式(shi)地(di)帶,北(bei)依呂梁山(shan)末端禹門口(kou),屬大(da)陸溫(wen)(wen)帶季風氣(qi)候,四季分明、光(guang)、熱(re)資源豐(feng)富(fu)(fu),平(ping)(ping)均海拔360米(mi),境內氣(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)和,年(nian)均氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)14度(du), 晝(zhou)夜(ye)溫(wen)(wen)差13℃,一月平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)4度(du),最熱(re)月份七月平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)27度(du),年(nian)均降雨量550毫米(mi),全(quan)年(nian)≥10℃可利用積溫(wen)(wen)在3830—4060℃之(zhi)間,無(wu)(wu)霜期200天。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均日照時數2060.6小時,光(guang)熱(re)資源豐(feng)富(fu)(fu),晝(zhou)夜(ye)溫(wen)(wen)差較大(da),自然條件獨(du)特(te)(te),是韭(jiu)菜(cai)生長的(de)優勢(shi)區域。
三.地域范圍
根據《農產品地理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)登記(ji)管理(li)辦法》的(de)規定(ding)以及連伯韭菜(cai)特有的(de)自然(ran)生態環(huan)境條件,在廣泛征求(qiu)意見的(de)基礎上(shang),劃定(ding)市連伯韭菜(cai)地理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)地域保護(hu)范圍(wei)(wei):位于(yu)山西省南(nan)部河津市陽村(cun)(cun)鄉的(de)連伯村(cun)(cun)、永安村(cun)(cun),太陽村(cun)(cun),郭家莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)、峻嶺村(cun)(cun)5個行(xing)政村(cun)(cun)。總(zong)生產面(mian)積2000公(gong)(gong)頃,年總(zong)產量為12萬噸(dun)。保護(hu)范圍(wei)(wei)位于(yu)東(dong)經(jing)110°32′16〞-110°32′20〞,北(bei)緯(wei)35°8′18〞-35°8′22〞,南(nan)北(bei)長(chang)7公(gong)(gong)里(li),東(dong)西寬9公(gong)(gong)里(li)。
四.產品品質特性特征
產品(pin)(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質特(te)色外觀特(te)征連(lian)伯(bo)(bo)韭(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)位于(yu)黃(huang)河灘沙地(di),加上其獨特(te)的(de)(de)種(zhong)植(zhi)技(ji)術(shu),使(shi)連(lian)伯(bo)(bo)韭(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)不同于(yu)其它(ta)地(di)方,吃(chi)起來辣中帶(dai)甜,清(qing)香可口,非(fei)常清(qing)脆,一(yi)掐就斷(duan)不帶(dai)絲,已經形(xing)成“連(lian)伯(bo)(bo)韭(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)”的(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質優勢。連(lian)伯(bo)(bo)韭(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)根壯(zhuang)葉肥(fei)、葉皮寬(kuan)厚無(wu)(wu)絲、白桿粗長(chang)。內在品(pin)(pin)(pin)質經鑒定,連(lian)伯(bo)(bo)韭(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)每00克(ke)(ke)含總膳食纖維(wei)≥3.2-4.9 g、鈣9.0-4.0毫(hao)克(ke)(ke)、磷(lin)8.0-4.0毫(hao)克(ke)(ke)、鐵(tie)2.4-3.0毫(hao)克(ke)(ke)。韭(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)有(you)(you)(you)補肝(gan)、腎之功能,號稱(cheng)“壯(zhuang)陽草(cao)”。另外,韭(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)中含有(you)(you)(you)大量的(de)(de)鈣、磷(lin)、鐵(tie)、膳食纖維(wei)和(he)維(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)素c,尤(you)其是維(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)素c的(de)(de)含量是西紅(hong)柿四(si)倍,多吃(chi)韭(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai),有(you)(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)健(jian)康。產品(pin)(pin)(pin)質量安全(quan)規(gui)(gui)范嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)執行(xing)(xing)GB485農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥安全(quan)使(shi)用標準(zhun)(zhun)嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)執行(xing)(xing)GB/T8所有(you)(you)(you)部(bu)分(fen)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥合理使(shi)用準(zhun)(zhun)則嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)執行(xing)(xing)GB8079農(nong)(nong)(nong)作物種(zhong)子嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)執行(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)辦質【2012】8號無(wu)(wu)公害食品(pin)(pin)(pin)韭(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)執行(xing)(xing)NY500無(wu)(wu)公害食品(pin)(pin)(pin)蔬菜(cai)產地(di)環境(jing)條(tiao)件規(gui)(gui)范生(sheng)(sheng)產記(ji)(ji)錄(lu),完(wan)善檔(dang)案,做(zuo)好(hao)檢(jian)測嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)按(an)照(zhao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)委統一(yi)印制(zhi)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)建立地(di)理標志農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)連(lian)伯(bo)(bo)韭(jiu)(jiu)菜(cai)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產檔(dang)案,詳細記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)投(tou)入品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)采購地(di)、名稱(cheng)、用量方法、注意事項等,并(bing)對(dui)各個(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)產環節所采取(qu)的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)措施(shi)嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)按(an)照(zhao)無(wu)(wu)公害標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)進行(xing)(xing)并(bing)做(zuo)好(hao)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)。對(dui)每批商(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)要嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)執行(xing)(xing)巡檢(jian)和(he)抽樣檢(jian)查(cha),并(bing)按(an)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶編(bian)號做(zuo)好(hao)登(deng)記(ji)(ji),嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)執行(xing)(xing)嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)格(ge)(ge)(ge)準(zhun)(zhun)出和(he)市場準(zhun)(zhun)入制(zhi)度(du)。
五.特(te)定生產方式(shi)
連伯韭(jiu)菜(cai)在地塊選(xuan)擇(ze)、品種選(xuan)擇(ze)、栽培、肥水(shui)管(guan)理、病蟲害防治和割(ge)菜(cai)、包裝等生產過程中嚴(yan)格執行無公害韭(jiu)菜(cai)標準化(hua)生產技(ji)術操作規程。
1.產地選擇與特(te)殊內容規定選擇平(ping)整地塊,中等肥力土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(有機質(zhi)10g/kg—20g/kg,全(quan)氮0.7g/kg—1.2g/kg,有效(xiao)磷10mg/kg—20mg/kg,速(su)效(xiao)鉀(jia)100mg/kg—200mg/kg)每(mei)667平(ping)方米撒施腐熟(shu)的優質(zhi)農(nong)家肥6000kg、氮、磷、鉀(jia)(15:15:15)復合(he)肥50kg做底肥,精耕細(xi)作,使(shi)土(tu)肥均勻,土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)細(xi)碎。做畦一般寬(kuan)1.8m—2m,長度(du)因地而定。
2.品(pin)種(zhong)選(xuan)擇與特(te)定要求(qiu)選(xuan)用耐寒(han)、耐熱、抗病(bing)、分(fen)株(zhu)力強、產(chan)量高、商品(pin)性好的(de)(de)(de)優良品(pin)種(zhong),拱棚(peng)和(he)日光溫室栽培應選(xuan)擇休眠期(qi)短(duan)的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)。如連伯紅根(gen)韭(jiu)、寒(han)青、平(ping)韭(jiu)2號(hao)、高桿環等。選(xuan)晴好天(tian)氣,曬(shai)種(zhong)1天(tian),每667平(ping)方米用種(zhong)1kg—1.5kg。在(zai)播種(zhong)前4天(tian)—5天(tian),把種(zhong)子(zi)放入10%磷酸三(san)鈉溶液中(zhong)浸(jin)泡(pao)20min,撈出洗凈,然后(hou)再(zai)在(zai)30℃—40℃溫水(shui)中(zhong)攪(jiao)拌,使水(shui)溫降至15℃—18℃,消(xiao)除癟籽,浸(jin)泡(pao)24h(中(zhong)途(tu)換水(shui)1次(ci)—2次(ci))。出水(shui)時搓洗種(zhong)子(zi),稍(shao)晾干后(hou)用濕(shi)布包(bao)裹,放在(zai)15℃—18℃的(de)(de)(de)地方催(cui)芽(ya),每天(tian)用清水(shui)淘洗,經2天(tian)—3天(tian)胚根(gen)伸出。
3.生(sheng)產(chan)過程(cheng)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)播(bo)(bo)種:采用撒播(bo)(bo)和條播(bo)(bo)兩(liang)種方(fang)法。播(bo)(bo)種時(shi)(shi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤口墑好。撒播(bo)(bo)是(shi)將種子均(jun)勻播(bo)(bo)于畦(qi)(qi)內,秧(yang)苗(miao)(miao)整齊一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致,條播(bo)(bo)是(shi)將種子播(bo)(bo)在(zai)行距10cm—12cm,寬2cm,深(shen)(shen)1.5cm—2cm的(de)淺溝中(zhong),便于管理(li)(li)(li)(li)。化學(xue)除(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao):種子播(bo)(bo)種后(hou)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)用30%除(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)通乳油100—150ml,噴(pen)灑封(feng)(feng)(feng)閉除(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)。幼(you)(you)(you)苗(miao)(miao)管理(li)(li)(li)(li):前(qian)(qian)期(qi)促苗(miao)(miao),后(hou)期(qi)蹲(dun)苗(miao)(miao);清(qing)除(chu)雜(za)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao);輕澆(jiao)(jiao)、勤澆(jiao)(jiao),保持見干見濕,加(jia)強(qiang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)管理(li)(li)(li)(li);結合(he)(he)灌水(shui)(shui)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)—3次(ci)(ci)(ci),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)次(ci)(ci)(ci)667平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)施尿素(su)8kg—10kg;人(ren)工(gong)(gong)拔(ba)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)—3次(ci)(ci)(ci);防(fang)治韭蛆(qu);定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)不(bu)收(shou)(shou)(shou)割(ge),以(yi)促進壯苗(miao)(miao)養(yang)根(gen)(gen)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)與(yu)作(zuo)畦(qi)(qi),施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)要做到有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)和無機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)配合(he)(he)施用。每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)施充分(fen)(fen)腐熟(shu)的(de)圈肥(fei)(fei)(fei)6000kg,氮(dan)(dan)、磷、鉀(15:15:15)復合(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)50kg,施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)后(hou)整地作(zuo)畦(qi)(qi),畦(qi)(qi)寬因栽(zai)培習(xi)慣和薄膜幅寬而(er)異。韭菜(cai)定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian),根(gen)(gen)據播(bo)(bo)種期(qi)和幼(you)(you)(you)苗(miao)(miao)大(da)小(xiao)而(er)定(ding)(ding)(ding),韭菜(cai)株高18cm—20cm時(shi)(shi)為定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)適(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)。春(chun)播(bo)(bo)大(da)約在(zai)播(bo)(bo)種后(hou)70天(tian)(tian)—80天(tian)(tian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),秋播(bo)(bo)在(zai)第二(er)年清(qing)明(ming)以(yi)后(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。選擇壯苗(miao)(miao),淘(tao)汰弱苗(miao)(miao);合(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)密植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)行距20cm、穴(xue)距12cm—15cm,每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)穴(xue)10株左(zuo)(zuo)右(you);適(shi)(shi)(shi)當深(shen)(shen)栽(zai),覆土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)深(shen)(shen)度(du)以(yi)葉(xie)(xie)鞘(qiao)露出地面2cm—3cm為宜(不(bu)埋住(zhu)分(fen)(fen)蘗節,)隨著(zhu)(zhu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)株生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)和根(gen)(gen)系(xi)上移逐漸(jian)封(feng)(feng)(feng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),防(fang)止跳(tiao)根(gen)(gen)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)年的(de)管理(li)(li)(li)(li):澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui),前(qian)(qian)期(qi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)(jiao)定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)8次(ci)(ci)(ci)—12次(ci)(ci)(ci),以(yi)保證(zheng)幼(you)(you)(you)株成活。中(zhong)期(qi)當幼(you)(you)(you)苗(miao)(miao)發生(sheng)新根(gen)(gen)新葉(xie)(xie)時(shi)(shi),再澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)。后(hou)期(qi)是(shi)韭菜(cai)葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)的(de)最適(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)期(qi),分(fen)(fen)蘗力強(qiang),生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)旺盛(sheng)(sheng),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)7天(tian)(tian)—10天(tian)(tian)澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)。封(feng)(feng)(feng)凍(dong)前(qian)(qian)澆(jiao)(jiao)足封(feng)(feng)(feng)凍(dong)水(shui)(shui)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)當年著(zhu)(zhu)重“養(yang)根(gen)(gen)壯秧(yang)”,不(bu)收(shou)(shou)(shou)割(ge),如有韭花(hua)應(ying)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)摘(zhai)除(chu)。追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),在(zai)韭菜(cai)葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)旺盛(sheng)(sheng)期(qi),結合(he)(he)澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)—3次(ci)(ci)(ci),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)施尿素(su)10kg—15kg,著(zhu)(zhu)重養(yang)根(gen)(gen)壯棵。農事操作(zuo),蹲(dun)苗(miao)(miao)前(qian)(qian)中(zhong)耕(geng)1次(ci)(ci)(ci),深(shen)(shen)度(du)3cm,雨季連續(xu)中(zhong)耕(geng)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)—3次(ci)(ci)(ci),及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)清(qing)除(chu)田間(jian)(jian)雜(za)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)。第二(er)年及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)后(hou)的(de)管理(li)(li)(li)(li) :澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui),春(chun)季及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)(jiao)返青水(shui)(shui),夏季減少澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui),注意防(fang)澇,秋季每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)7天(tian)(tian)—10天(tian)(tian)澆(jiao)(jiao)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)水(shui)(shui),封(feng)(feng)(feng)凍(dong)前(qian)(qian)適(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)(jiao)足封(feng)(feng)(feng)凍(dong)水(shui)(shui)。追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)收(shou)(shou)(shou)割(ge)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)宜二(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)時(shi)(shi)隨水(shui)(shui)。第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)在(zai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)割(ge)后(hou)3天(tian)(tian)—4天(tian)(tian),新葉(xie)(xie)長(chang)(chang)出后(hou)施入,量宜小(xiao),當葉(xie)(xie)子長(chang)(chang)到12cm左(zuo)(zuo)右(you),再追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci),量可以(yi)稍大(da)。忌收(shou)(shou)(shou)割(ge)后(hou)立即(ji)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),引(yin)起肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料危害。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)米(mi)施氮(dan)(dan)、磷、鉀(15:15:15)復合(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)30kg,或(huo)烏(wu)金(jin)膏沖(chong)施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)10—15升。夏季控制追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。秋季結合(he)(he)澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)兩(liang)水(shui)(shui)施一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)或(huo)腐熟(shu)人(ren)糞尿,每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)施氮(dan)(dan)、磷、鉀(15:15:15)復合(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)30kg,或(huo)烏(wu)金(jin)膏沖(chong)施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)10—15升。農事操作(zuo),返青前(qian)(qian),及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)早(zao)清(qing)除(chu)雜(za)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)枯枝爛(lan)葉(xie)(xie),耬平(ping)畦(qi)(qi)面,整理(li)(li)(li)(li)畦(qi)(qi)埂。中(zhong)耕(geng)松(song)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),隨著(zhu)(zhu)韭菜(cai)的(de)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang),出現跳(tiao)根(gen)(gen),應(ying)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)培土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)年一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci),培土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)厚度(du)2cm左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)。及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)摘(zhai)除(chu)幼(you)(you)(you)嫩(nen)花(hua)苔,在(zai)雨季應(ying)排水(shui)(shui)防(fang)澇。
4.產(chan)品(pin)收(shou)(shou)(shou)獲(huo)及產(chan)后(hou)處理規定收(shou)(shou)(shou)獲(huo):當株(zhu)高30cm—50cm;平(ping)均單株(zhu)有(you)5片(pian)—6片(pian)葉,每(mei)茬生育期25天(tian)以(yi)上,春(chun)韭從返青(qing)到第一刀約需50天(tian),第二刀30天(tian)左右(you)。為便于包裝運輸,收(shou)(shou)(shou)割韭菜宜在(zai)傍晚進行。收(shou)(shou)(shou)韭菜刀口(kou)距(ju)地(di)表(biao)(biao)應(ying)貼(tie)地(di)表(biao)(biao)收(shou)(shou)(shou)割,每(mei)次收(shou)(shou)(shou)割后(hou)用耙子把地(di)耙一遍,3天(tian)后(hou)韭菜傷口(kou)愈合,新(xin)葉即將出時澆水追肥。
5.病(bing)蟲害防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):病(bing)害防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)要掌握預防(fang)(fang)(fang)為主、綜(zong)合(he)(he)治(zhi)(zhi)理的原則,播種(zhong)前(qian)(qian)應清除田間雜(za)草和(he)枯枝爛葉,種(zhong)子在(zai)播種(zhong)前(qian)(qian)進(jin)行消毒(du);增施(shi)(shi)有機肥(fei),及時澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)追肥(fei),補磷鉀肥(fei),少(shao)施(shi)(shi)氮肥(fei),養好茬(cha);拱棚(peng)溫(wen)室栽培(pei)注意(yi)通風排濕;應用(yong)(yong)無滴膜或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)及時除霧(wu)(wu)滴,降低(di)濕度。灰(hui)霉(mei)(mei)(mei)病(bing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)地前(qian)(qian)后各噴(pen)(pen)打一次(ci)25%菌(jun)思奇預防(fang)(fang)(fang),每畝100ml兌水(shui)30—50公斤(jin);拱棚(peng)發病(bing)初期(qi)(qi)每667平方米用(yong)(yong)10%腐霉(mei)(mei)(mei)利(li)煙劑(ji)(ji)(ji)300g熏(xun)蒸一夜(ye)。發病(bing)初每隔5天(tian)(tian)(tian)—7天(tian)(tian)(tian)用(yong)(yong)25%菌(jun)思奇+50%速克(ke)靈(ling)(福(fu)美利(li))混合(he)(he)噴(pen)(pen)打,每次(ci)收(shou)(shou)后蓋土前(qian)(qian)都要噴(pen)(pen),也(ye)可交替使用(yong)(yong)50%速克(ke)靈(ling)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)50%撲海因1000—1500倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)施(shi)(shi)家樂或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)65%硫(liu)菌(jun)霉(mei)(mei)(mei)可濕性粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)1000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)噴(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)。疫病(bing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):預防(fang)(fang)(fang)為主。噴(pen)(pen)施(shi)(shi)50%甲(jia)霜銅可濕性粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)600倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)72.2%普力克(ke)水(shui)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)800倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)72%霜霉(mei)(mei)(mei)威水(shui)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)800倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)60%琥乙磷鋁可濕性粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)600倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)隔8天(tian)(tian)(tian)—10天(tian)(tian)(tian)一次(ci),連續防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)2次(ci)—3次(ci)。收(shou)(shou)獲前(qian)(qian)15天(tian)(tian)(tian)停止用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)。韭(jiu)蛆防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):播前(qian)(qian) 播前(qian)(qian)每畝撒入(ru)1.1苦參堿(jian)(jian)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)3公斤(jin)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)2%二(er)(er)嗪磷顆粒劑(ji)(ji)(ji)2公斤(jin),再耕翻,持效(xiao)期(qi)(qi)長。成蟲羽化(hua)盛期(qi)(qi):(4月(yue)中下(xia)旬,6月(yue)上旬,7月(yue)中下(xia)旬及10月(yue)中),噴(pen)(pen)40%辛(xin)硫(liu)磷1000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)菊酯類農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)如2.5%敵殺死2000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)。上午9時—11時噴(pen)(pen)藥(yao)(yao)效(xiao)果(guo)最好。收(shou)(shou)獲前(qian)(qian)15天(tian)(tian)(tian)停止用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)。灌根(gen)(gen):苗期(qi)(qi)韭(jiu)蛆防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)結合(he)(he)灌水(shui)進(jin)行。每667平方米用(yong)(yong)1.3%苦參堿(jian)(jian)水(shui)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)3kg—4kg,或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)40%毒(du)死椑1000ml,或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)50%二(er)(er)嗪磷乳(ru)油(you)(you)1000ml,或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)40%辛(xin)硫(liu)磷乳(ru)油(you)(you)1000ml,先用(yong)(yong)去掉噴(pen)(pen)頭的噴(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)器(qi)順(shun)韭(jiu)菜根(gen)(gen)部灌藥(yao)(yao),隨后澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)。在(zai)韭(jiu)菜收(shou)(shou)割2天(tian)(tian)(tian)—3天(tian)(tian)(tian)后,隨第二(er)(er)次(ci)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)用(yong)(yong)上述方法灌根(gen)(gen)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)用(yong)(yong)25%愛卡士乳(ru)油(you)(you)1000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)47%樂斯(si)本乳(ru)油(you)(you)500倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)潑澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。潛葉蠅防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):在(zai)產卵盛期(qi)(qi)至幼蟲卵孵化(hua)初期(qi)(qi),噴(pen)(pen)75%滅蠅胺5000—7000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye),或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)2.5%溴氰菊酯等菊酯類農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)1500—2000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)。薊馬(ma)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):在(zai)幼蟲發生盛期(qi)(qi),噴(pen)(pen)10%吡(bi)蟲啉4000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye),或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)3%啶蟲脒3000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye),或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)20%丁硫(liu)克(ke)百威2000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)。