一.產品介紹
小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)原產于中國北(bei)方黃(huang)河流域,是(shi)(shi)中國古代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要糧食作(zuo)(zuo)物,全世界小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)栽(zai)培(pei)面(mian)積約10多(duo)(duo)億畝(mu),我國最(zui)多(duo)(duo),總產量(liang)(liang)最(zui)高。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)耐(nai)旱,品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)繁(fan)多(duo)(duo),有(you)白、紅、黃(huang)、黑、橙、紫各種(zhong)(zhong)顏色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),俗稱(cheng)(cheng)“粟(su)有(you)五彩”。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)抗旱能力超(chao)群。它(ta)既(ji)耐(nai)干旱、貧瘠,又不怕酸堿,所以(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)我國南北(bei)干旱地(di)區(qu)(qu)、貧瘠山區(qu)(qu)都(dou)有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)植。適(shi)合(he)在(zai)(zai)(zai)干旱而(er)(er)缺乏灌溉的(de)(de)(de)(de)山西地(di)區(qu)(qu)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)種(zhong)(zhong)植歷史(shi)悠久,春(chun)秋時期就有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)植,約有(you)8千多(duo)(duo)年的(de)(de)(de)(de)栽(zai)培(pei)歷史(shi)。為(wei)(wei)清代(dai)(dai)全國四大(da)貢(gong)(gong)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)之一(yi),被譽為(wei)(wei)“龍(long)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)”。相傳乾(qian)隆(long)皇(huang)帝出巡,路(lu)經章丘,西關高如恂接(jie)駕獻“龍(long)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)金湯(tang)”,甚得乾(qian)隆(long)稱(cheng)(cheng)贊,被封(feng)為(wei)(wei)貢(gong)(gong)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。這(zhe)一(yi)帶為(wei)(wei)山前洪積土,土層深厚(hou),土質為(wei)(wei)黃(huang)壤,質地(di)較(jiao)肥(fei)沃,加之其(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)理環境(jing)和氣候(hou)條(tiao)(tiao)件較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)適(shi)宜谷(gu)子的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)和發育,具備了形成優良品(pin)(pin)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)得天(tian)獨厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)(tiao)件。因(yin)谷(gu)味隨生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)期長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)短而(er)(er)增減,故在(zai)(zai)(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)植方法上,均(jun)為(wei)(wei)旱田春(chun)播(bo)。耕前施足農家肥(fei),耙平(ping)耢細,谷(gu)雨(yu)前后下種(zhong)(zhong),生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)期一(yi)般在(zai)(zai)(zai)120天(tian)以(yi)上。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)籽大(da)粒圓,色(se)澤金黃(huang),性(xing)粘味香,營養(yang)(yang)(yang)豐富,較(jiao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)他品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)養(yang)(yang)(yang)分含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)高。特(te)(te)別是(shi)(shi)煮稀飯時,表面(mian)有(you)一(yi)層黃(huang)亮的(de)(de)(de)(de)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)質油,食之香味可(ke)口(kou),是(shi)(shi)產婦、老人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)佳補(bu)食品(pin)(pin)。用小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)磨面(mian)做(zuo)粥(zhou)(zhou)別具風(feng)味,濟南市(shi)有(you)名的(de)(de)(de)(de)“八寶粥(zhou)(zhou)”“王家甜(tian)沫(mo)”等(deng),均(jun)用小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)做(zuo)原料。據中國農科院化(hua)(hua)驗,此種(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)含(han)(han)(han)蛋白質11.2%、脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)5.26%、賴氨酸0.25%、淀粉74.95%、維(wei)生(sheng)素(su)(su)A和維(wei)生(sheng)素(su)(su)B1及維(wei)生(sheng)素(su)(su)B2的(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)也超(chao)過其(qi)(qi)(qi)它(ta)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。 小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)年生(sheng)草(cao)本植物 ,屬禾本科。它(ta)性(xing)喜溫暖(nuan),適(shi)應性(xing)強。大(da)寧紅皮小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產地(di)——山西大(da)寧縣(xian),號稱(cheng)(cheng)“上堂糧倉(cang)”,位(wei)于呂梁(liang)山余(yu)脈,黃(huang)河水(shui)(shui)東(dong)岸,平(ping)均(jun)海(hai)拔1500米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)上,無霜期長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),晝夜溫差大(da),屬于丘陵地(di)帶,氣候(hou)土壤獨特(te)(te),谷(gu)子生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)期較(jiao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。昕水(shui)(shui)河縱貫全境(jing),氣候(hou)溫和,水(shui)(shui)資源是(shi)(shi)鄰縣(xian)不可(ke)相比的(de)(de)(de)(de),這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)域環境(jing)正適(shi)合(he)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),而(er)(er)大(da)多(duo)(duo)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)都(dou)種(zhong)(zhong)植在(zai)(zai)(zai)山腰(yao)和丘陵間的(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)塊平(ping)地(di)上,獨特(te)(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)植環境(jing)和傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)植方法保證了小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)“天(tian)然、綠色(se)、無污染”的(de)(de)(de)(de)產品(pin)(pin)特(te)(te)性(xing)。作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)大(da)寧縣(xian)特(te)(te)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)紅皮小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),由于種(zhong)(zhong)植條(tiao)(tiao)件要求苛刻,產量(liang)(liang)低,一(yi)直被當地(di)人(ren)視為(wei)(wei)饋贈親友的(de)(de)(de)(de)佳品(pin)(pin),市(shi)場(chang)上很少流通。紅皮小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)谷(gu)殼成大(da)紅色(se),熬粥(zhou)(zhou)營養(yang)(yang)(yang)價值豐富,有(you)“代(dai)(dai)參湯(tang)”之美稱(cheng)(cheng)。據測定,每100克(ke)(ke)中含(han)(han)(han)蛋白質9.7克(ke)(ke),脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)3.5克(ke)(ke),碳水(shui)(shui)化(hua)(hua)合(he)物72.8克(ke)(ke),鈣29毫(hao)(hao)克(ke)(ke),磷240毫(hao)(hao)克(ke)(ke),鐵4.8毫(hao)(hao)克(ke)(ke),胡(hu)蘿卜(bu)素(su)(su)0.19毫(hao)(hao)克(ke)(ke),硫胺素(su)(su)0.57毫(hao)(hao)克(ke)(ke),核黃(huang)素(su)(su)0.12毫(hao)(hao)克(ke)(ke),煙酸1.6毫(hao)(hao)克(ke)(ke)且這(zhe)些(xie)營養(yang)(yang)(yang)素(su)(su)在(zai)(zai)(zai)人(ren)體(ti)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)化(hua)(hua)吸收率也較(jiao)高,蛋白質的(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)化(hua)(hua)吸收率為(wei)(wei)83.4%,脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)為(wei)(wei)90.8%,碳水(shui)(shui)化(hua)(hua)合(he)物為(wei)(wei)99.4%。不但有(you)滋(zi)養(yang)(yang)(yang)腎氣,清熱(re)解渴、健胃(wei)除濕、和胃(wei)安(an)眠的(de)(de)(de)(de)功效,還具有(you)滋(zi)陰養(yang)(yang)(yang)血(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能,可(ke)以(yi)使產婦虛(xu)(xu)寒的(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)質得到調養(yang)(yang)(yang),幫助她們恢復體(ti)力,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)期食用能達到滋(zi)養(yang)(yang)(yang)腎氣、和胃(wei)安(an)眠、滋(zi)陰養(yang)(yang)(yang)血(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功效,實為(wei)(wei)孕(yun)婦、小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)孩、老人(ren)和體(ti)虛(xu)(xu)者滋(zi)養(yang)(yang)(yang)進補(bu)及日常營養(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)佳品(pin)(pin)。
二.自然(ran)生態(tai)環境和人文歷史(shi)因(yin)素
大(da)寧(ning)縣地(di)(di)處(chu)山西(xi)省呂梁山南端(duan),黃(huang)河水(shui)(shui)東(dong)岸,境內(nei)垣坡連綿,南北高山對峙,東(dong)高西(xi)凸,形如盆地(di)(di),屬于大(da)陸性(xing)(xing)暖溫帶亞干旱氣(qi)候區,氣(qi)候溫和,四季(ji)分(fen)明。春(chun)季(ji)干旱多(duo)風,夏(xia)季(ji)炎熱(re)多(duo)雨(yu),秋季(ji)陰雨(yu)連綿,冬季(ji)寒冷干燥。年(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)溫為10.7℃,最高氣(qi)溫38.5℃,最低氣(qi)溫-20.3℃.;年(nian)平均(jun)降水(shui)(shui)量、536.9mm;年(nian)平均(jun)日(ri)照數>2466小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi),年(nian)平均(jun)無霜期(qi)212天。小(xiao)(xiao)米種(zhong)植區域地(di)(di)形平坦,土(tu)壤類型為栗褐(he)土(tu),黃(huang)土(tu)母質(zhi),PH值在(zai)8.23~8.25之間(jian),土(tu)壤肥沃,有機質(zhi)含量在(zai)0.25~1.91%之間(jian),全氮(dan)含量0.013~0.11%,速(su)效(xiao)氮(dan)18~22ppm,全磷0.034~0.11%,速(su)效(xiao)磷0.8~36ppm,速(su)效(xiao)鉀(jia)2.53~114ppm。 大(da)寧(ning)縣境內(nei)有昕(xin)水(shui)(shui)河、義亭(ting)河、岔(cha)口河三條河流,種(zhong)植區域地(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)系為昕(xin)水(shui)(shui)河。日(ri)常產(chan)生的(de)生活廢水(shui)(shui)較少且采用(yong)隨(sui)地(di)(di)潑(po)灑(sa)的(de)方式(shi),不會對地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)造成(cheng)影響。河流水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)PH值為8.0~8.04,呈弱(ruo)堿性(xing)(xing),地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)為中性(xing)(xing)。作為種(zhong)植灌溉用(yong)水(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)符合無公(gong)害和綠色食(shi)品(pin)(pin)相應(ying)標準(zhun)NY-x123-2000的(de)要求(qiu),適宜種(zhong)植和生產(chan)紅皮小(xiao)(xiao)米系列(lie)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)。大(da)寧(ning)縣獨特(te)的(de)氣(qi)候條件,使(shi)得此區域所產(chan)谷(gu)子(zi),具有生產(chan)周期(qi)長(chang),利于干物質(zhi)積(ji)累的(de)特(te)點,形成(cheng)了紅皮小(xiao)(xiao)米色澤嫩黃(huang)、漿(jiang)大(da)醇香、入口柔(rou)潤的(de)獨特(te)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)。
三.產地環境
大寧縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)位于(yu)山(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)呂梁山(shan)南(nan)端,地理(li)坐(zuo)標為東(dong)經110°27′55″—111°0′40″,北(bei)緯36°16′40″—36°36′25″之(zhi)間。東(dong)西(xi)長(chang)(chang)50公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),南(nan)北(bei)寬38公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),總面(mian)積967平方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)。縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)境北(bei)與永和(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)接(jie)壤,南(nan)同吉(ji)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)毗連;東(dong)與蒲縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、隰縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)為鄰(lin),西(xi)與陜西(xi)省(sheng)延長(chang)(chang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)隔黃河(he)相望(wang)。境內(nei)溝壑(he)縱橫,山(shan)巒逶迤(yi),梁峁層(ceng)疊,垣坡(po)連綿。南(nan)北(bei)高(gao)(gao)山(shan)對峙,中(zhong)部昕(xin)水(shui)橫貫,東(dong)高(gao)(gao)西(xi)凸,形(xing)如盆地,有(you)“三川(chuan)(chuan)十塬溝四(si)千,周圍(wei)大山(shan)包(bao)一圈”之(zhi)說。海拔(ba)最低為481 米,最高(gao)(gao)為1719米。境內(nei)有(you)昕(xin)水(shui)河(he)、義亭(ting)河(he)和(he)岔口(kou)河(he)三條河(he)流(liu)。從川(chuan)(chuan)到山(shan)形(xing)成(cheng)中(zhong)部河(he)川(chuan)(chuan)區(qu)、南(nan)北(bei)部土石山(shan)區(qu),東(dong)部殘塬溝壑(he)區(qu)和(he)西(xi)部破碎殘塬溝壑(he)區(qu)等四(si)種地貌單元。
大(da)寧縣屬大(da)陸性暖溫(wen)帶(dai)亞干(gan)旱氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)區,氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)溫(wen)和,四季(ji)(ji)分(fen)明。春季(ji)(ji)干(gan)旱多風,夏季(ji)(ji)炎熱多雨(yu),秋季(ji)(ji)陰雨(yu)連綿(mian),冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)寒冷干(gan)燥,年(nian)日照數平(ping)(ping)均為(wei)2466.7小時,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)為(wei)10.7 ℃,氣(qi)溫(wen)年(nian)較差為(wei)31.8 ℃,年(nian)無霜期212天(tian),年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均降水(shui)量427mm。全年(nian)主(zhu)導風向為(wei)西南風。氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)條(tiao)件(jian)優越,盛產糧棉(mian)。
四.品質特點
大寧紅(hong)皮小米歷(li)來有“賽參(can)湯”之(zhi)美稱,期顆粒均勻飽滿,色澤嫩黃柔和(he),營(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)豐(feng)富易煮(zhu)熟(普通小米需20-30分(fen),紅(hong)皮小米只需8-10分(fen)既(ji)可達到(dao)最佳,入口細膩綿滑(hua),余(yu)香讓人(ren)回味無窮(qiong)。長(chang)期食用能達到(dao)滋養(yang)(yang)(yang)腎氣(qi),和(he)胃安眠(mian),滋陰養(yang)(yang)(yang)血的功效,為孕(yun)產婦,小孩,老人(ren)和(he)體虛者滋養(yang)(yang)(yang)進(jin)補(bu)及日常營(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)的佳品(pin)。作為大寧縣特產的紅(hong)皮小米,由于種植條件(jian)要求苛刻,產量低,一直被當地人(ren)視為饋(kui)贈(zeng)親友的佳品(pin),市場(chang)上很少流通。