芒果视频

佳(jia)縣紅棗(zao)(zao)是陜(shan)西(xi)省榆林佳(jia)縣的特產。佳(jia)縣的紅棗(zao)(zao)因個大(da)肉鮮，營養豐富被譽為“木本(ben)糧食(shi)”、“鐵桿莊稼”，鮮棗(zao)(zao)有“活(huo)維(wei)生(sheng)素丸”之(zhi)稱。是全國紅棗(zao)(zao)五大(da)產區之(zhi)一。

佳(jia)(jia)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)2001年(nian)(nian)5月(yue)(yue)被國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)林業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)總局授予“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)紅(hong)棗(zao)(zao)名鄉”稱(cheng)號。2003年(nian)(nian)8月(yue)(yue)獲得綠(lv)色食品(pin)認證。2005年(nian)(nian)，佳(jia)(jia)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)有(you)機(ji)紅(hong)棗(zao)(zao)率先在(zai)(zai)(zai)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)取得國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)有(you)機(ji)紅(hong)棗(zao)(zao)認證。2006年(nian)(nian)12月(yue)(yue)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)標準(zhun)化管(guan)理委(wei)員(yuan)會(hui)授予紅(hong)棗(zao)(zao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)標準(zhun)化生產(chan)(chan)基地(di)(di)稱(cheng)號。2006年(nian)(nian)又(you)通(tong)過了日(ri)本JAS機(ji)構(gou)的(de)有(you)機(ji)紅(hong)棗(zao)(zao)認證，拿到了通(tong)向國(guo)(guo)(guo)際市場的(de)通(tong)行(xing)證，成(cheng)為中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)機(ji)紅(hong)棗(zao)(zao)第一(yi)(yi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。2009年(nian)(nian)獲得國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)部核發的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理標志登記證書。2010年(nian)(nian)佳(jia)(jia)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)被中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)百(bai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)（市）優勢經濟林專(zhuan)題調查(cha)辦公室授予“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)百(bai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)（市）優勢特色有(you)機(ji)紅(hong)棗(zao)(zao)種植(zhi)基地(di)(di)”稱(cheng)號。2013年(nian)(nian)6月(yue)(yue)，中(zhong)(zhong)央電視(shi)臺第七(qi)套農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)節目《科技苑》播放“農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)遺(yi)產(chan)(chan)的(de)啟示——佳(jia)(jia)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)泥河溝(gou)‘千年(nian)(nian)棗(zao)(zao)園(yuan)’”。2014年(nian)(nian)4月(yue)(yue)28日(ri)聯合國(guo)(guo)(guo)糧(liang)(liang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)組織在(zai)(zai)(zai)意大(da)利羅(luo)馬召開的(de)全球(qiu)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)文化遺(yi)產(chan)(chan)(GIAHS)指導委(wei)員(yuan)會(hui)和(he)專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)委(wei)員(yuan)會(hui)議(yi)上，佳(jia)(jia)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)古棗(zao)(zao)園(yuan)系(xi)統正式被聯合國(guo)(guo)(guo)糧(liang)(liang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)組織認定(ding)為“全球(qiu)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)文化遺(yi)產(chan)(chan)”[1]  。位(wei)于黃河中(zhong)(zhong)游的(de)佳(jia)(jia)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)被認為是(shi)大(da)棗(zao)(zao)栽培(pei)歷史最為悠(you)久(jiu)的(de)地(di)(di)方。在(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)被稀少的(de)高原(yuan)地(di)(di)區，棗(zao)(zao)樹具有(you)保護(hu)環境的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)作用，能夠(gou)防沙和(he)促(cu)進水(shui)土保持，被視(shi)為全球(qiu)創(chuang)新(xin)、可(ke)持續發展(zhan)和(he)適應的(de)典范。這是(shi)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)西北地(di)(di)區唯一(yi)(yi)入選(xuan)全球(qiu)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)文化遺(yi)產(chan)(chan)的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)系(xi)統。

佳縣(xian)紅棗(zao)(zao)固其(qi)風(feng)味獨特，營養(yang)豐(feng)富(fu)，用途廣泛(fan)。鮮棗(zao)(zao)含可溶性(xing)固形物26%，干棗(zao)(zao)含糖量(liang)74.93%，含酸量(liang)1.67%，Vc每100克果肉中含量(liang)400mg左(zuo)右。

形態特征

（1）外在感(gan)官特征：佳(jia)縣(xian)紅棗果(guo)實(shi)中大，圓柱形，一般縱徑(jing)3.7厘米，橫徑(jing)2.4厘米，果(guo)皮厚(hou)，色(se)濃(nong)紅，果(guo)點不(bu)明(ming)顯，果(guo)面(mian)平整，頂端微凹，梗洼較深。果(guo)肉白(bai)色(se)，肉厚(hou)，汁(zhi)少，味(wei)甜，油(you)分大，宜制干。

（2）內(nei)在品質指標(biao)：佳縣紅棗固其風味獨特，營養豐富，用(yong)途廣(guang)泛。鮮(xian)棗含可溶(rong)性固形物26%，干棗含糖量(liang)74.93%，含酸量(liang)1.67%，Vc每100克果肉中(zhong)含量(liang)400mg左右。

生長環境

佳(jia)縣(xian)是陜西省最北(bei)端黃河邊的(de)一(yi)個縣(xian)，屬半干旱大陸性(xing)季(ji)風氣候，四季(ji)分明，晝夜溫差大，光照充足，降水偏少(shao)。各方面氣候條件適宜(yi)優質紅棗生長。

（1）土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤地貌情況：土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤類型以黃(huang)綿土(tu)(tu)(tu)為(wei)主，土(tu)(tu)(tu)層深(shen)厚。北部丘陵沙(sha)區有風沙(sha)土(tu)(tu)(tu)，東部黃(huang)河沿岸土(tu)(tu)(tu)石山區有紅膠(jiao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、硬黃(huang)以及(ji)風化的(de)石漬土(tu)(tu)(tu)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤有機質含(han)量(liang)為(wei)0.2%-0.6%，含(han)氮(dan)量(liang)為(wei)0.039；堿解氮(dan)含(han)量(liang)為(wei)34.73ppm，速(su)效氮(dan)含(han)量(liang)為(wei)3.77ppm，速(su)效鉀含(han)量(liang)為(wei)98.9ppm，pH值(zhi)在8.0-8.5之(zhi)間，微量(liang)元素(su)含(han)量(liang)分(fen)別為(wei)：鐵2.67ppm、硼0.22ppm、鋅0.34ppm、錳(meng)2.5ppm、銅(tong)0.48ppm。

（2）水(shui)文(wen)情況：佳縣紅棗主要依靠天然降(jiang)水(shui)。佳縣年(nian)平(ping)均降(jiang)水(shui)量為386.6毫米，年(nian)際間差異大，年(nian)內(nei)(nei)季節分配不均，降(jiang)雨(yu)主要集中(zhong)在(zai)7、8、9三個(ge)月(yue)；縣境內(nei)(nei)有黃(huang)河(he)(he)、會(hui)河(he)(he)、烏龍河(he)(he)、佳蘆河(he)(he)、棗坪河(he)(he)等幾條大小河(he)(he)流，其中(zhong)黃(huang)河(he)(he)流經73公里，利用黃(huang)河(he)(he)水(shui)灌溉(gai)的棗林(lin)地近1萬畝。

（3）氣候情(qing)況：佳(jia)縣屬典型的大陸性(xing)半干旱季風氣候。冬(dong)季漫長(chang)寒冷，

夏季短促溫(wen)(wen)差較大。日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)長，光(guang)熱資源豐(feng)富(fu)。多年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)輻射總量為(wei)142千(qian)卡/平(ping)(ping)方(fang)厘米·年，平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)總時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數為(wei)2710.7小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)/年，氣溫(wen)(wen)大于零度時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)的日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)2046.8小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)/年，占年總日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數的74%，氣溫(wen)(wen)大于或等于10℃期間(jian)的1607.5小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，占年總日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數的58%。年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)(wen)度10.02℃，日(ri)(ri)溫(wen)(wen)差較大。