一.產品介紹
五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)位(wei)于(yu)舉世聞名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“八百里河套米糧(liang)川(chuan)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)河套平原(yuan),有(you)2400年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)悠久歷(li)史(shi)和積(ji)淀深厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化,漢(han)武帝時期,因(yin)(yin)九原(yuan)郡(jun)改(gai)為五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)郡(jun)而(er)(er)得名(ming),1912年(nian)(nian)正式(shi)建縣(xian)(xian)至今。五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)古(gu)有(you)蒙恬北筑長城、衛青抗(kang)擊匈奴、詩人(ren)李白“迢(tiao)迢(tiao)五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)關,朔(shuo)雪(xue)亂邊花”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)句,張敬忠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)春色(se)歸(gui)來(lai)遲,二月垂楊未掛(gua)絲”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)詠誦。近代(dai)(dai)史(shi)上,被(bei)當(dang)(dang)地(di)老(lao)百姓稱(cheng)為“人(ren)間河神(shen)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方紳(shen)士王(wang)同(tong)春修(xiu)渠(qu)治水,墾荒置田,首開河套大規模發展(zhan)農(nong)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先河,使五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)成為土(tu)地(di)肥沃、氣(qi)候(hou)宜人(ren)、水渠(qu)縱橫、旱(han)澇(lao)保收的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“塞(sai)外江南”。現(xian)代(dai)(dai)史(shi)上,有(you)馮玉祥將(jiang)軍五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)誓師、傅作義將(jiang)軍五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)抗(kang)戰,更使五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)聞名(ming)遐(xia)邇。據《內(nei)(nei)蒙古(gu)自(zi)治區(qu)(qu)農(nong)作物(wu)(wu)志.農(nong)業志》記載,我區(qu)(qu)在(zai)新石器時代(dai)(dai)已有(you)麥類作物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),1940年(nian)(nian),綏西農(nong)業改(gai)進所(suo)從四(si)川(chuan)引進一批(pi)小(xiao)麥種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子,在(zai)巴彥淖爾盟各(ge)旗縣(xian)(xian)試種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),當(dang)(dang)年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)單(dan)產(chan)(chan)為750公斤(jin)/公頃(qing),1949年(nian)(nian),河套灌區(qu)(qu)小(xiao)麥面(mian)積(ji)占全區(qu)(qu)小(xiao)麥播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)90%,到了(le)70年(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)中(zhong)期,小(xiao)麥單(dan)產(chan)(chan)有(you)了(le)大幅(fu)提高(gao),達到了(le)6067公斤(jin)/公頃(qing)。五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)是全國商(shang)品糧(liang)基(ji)地(di)之一,也是國家和內(nei)(nei)蒙古(gu)自(zi)治區(qu)(qu)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綠色(se)農(nong)畜產(chan)(chan)品生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基(ji)地(di)。1983年(nian)(nian),內(nei)(nei)蒙古(gu)自(zi)治區(qu)(qu)人(ren)民(min)政府作出(chu)決定,把包括五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)在(zai)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)15個旗縣(xian)(xian)有(you)計劃(hua)、有(you)步驟地(di)建設成為穩產(chan)(chan)高(gao)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)品糧(liang)基(ji)地(di),五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)小(xiao)麥種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)最多在(zai)60萬畝,現(xian)因(yin)(yin)比較效益較低,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)有(you)所(suo)減少,2013年(nian)(nian)小(xiao)麥種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)為24.7萬畝。五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)現(xian)在(zai)小(xiao)麥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)栽品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為永(yong)良4號,是1984年(nian)(nian)寧(ning)夏永(yong)寧(ning)縣(xian)(xian)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)場(chang)職(zhi)工天津(jin)下(xia)鄉知青邱志新培育(yu)成功(gong)。該品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)我縣(xian)(xian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)已將(jiang)近30年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi),因(yin)(yin)我縣(xian)(xian)具(ju)有(you)光能豐富、日照(zhao)充足、晝夜溫差大、降雨量少而(er)(er)集中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)候(hou)特(te)點,主(zhu)要耕(geng)作土(tu)壤是灌淤土(tu),其表土(tu)層(ceng)為壤質灌淤層(ceng),耕(geng)作性好,含鉀量高(gao),生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)麥籽粒飽滿,容(rong)重高(gao),蛋白質含量高(gao),面(mian)筋值(zhi)高(gao),加工成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)粉適應面(mian)廣,做(zuo)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)餃子、面(mian)條色(se)澤好,透亮,食用品質好,筋道(dao),滑爽,粘彈性好。
二(er).自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌(mao)(mao)情況:巴(ba)彥淖(nao)爾市地(di)形地(di)貌(mao)(mao)簡稱“一山(shan)(shan)兩原”。以陰(yin)山(shan)(shan)為界大體可分為三(san)大區域:陰(yin)山(shan)(shan)以北是(shi)(shi)以荒漠半荒漠為主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)烏拉特(te)草原,中(zhong)部為陰(yin)山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)地(di),陰(yin)山(shan)(shan)南麓至黃河(he)北岸(an)為河(he)套(tao)平(ping)原,五原縣就處于河(he)套(tao)平(ping)原內,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)有灌(guan)淤(yu)(yu)(yu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、鹽土(tu)(tu)(tu)、風沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)、堿土(tu)(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)新積土(tu)(tu)(tu)。灌(guan)區的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)耕(geng)作(zuo)(zuo)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)是(shi)(shi)灌(guan)淤(yu)(yu)(yu)土(tu)(tu)(tu),其表土(tu)(tu)(tu)層為壤(rang)質(zhi)灌(guan)淤(yu)(yu)(yu)層,耕(geng)作(zuo)(zuo)性好,含(han)鉀量(liang)高,對糖和(he)淀(dian)粉的(de)積累非(fei)常有利(li)。
2、水(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang):五原(yuan)縣水(shui)(shui)源充沛(pei),灌(guan)溉(gai)便利。黃(huang)(huang)河(he)流(liu)(liu)經(jing)河(he)套(tao)平原(yuan)345公里,年徑流(liu)(liu)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)315億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)。地(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)開采量(liang)(liang)達18億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)。河(he)套(tao)灌(guan)區由黃(huang)(huang)河(he)三盛公水(shui)(shui)利樞紐(niu)自(zi)流(liu)(liu)引(yin)水(shui)(shui)灌(guan)溉(gai),每(mei)年引(yin)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)10-11.6億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)(mi),是(shi)亞洲最(zui)大的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)首制自(zi)流(liu)(liu)引(yin)水(shui)(shui)灌(guan)區,也是(shi)全(quan)國三大灌(guan)區之一(yi)(yi)。黃(huang)(huang)河(he)來水(shui)(shui)是(shi)最(zui)大的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)資源,一(yi)(yi)般年流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)336.5億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)(mi),全(quan)縣有5大干(gan)渠(qu),9條(tiao)分干(gan)渠(qu),135條(tiao)農(nong)渠(qu),密(mi)如蛛網的(de)(de)毛渠(qu)灌(guan)溉(gai)著(zhu)全(quan)縣土地(di)(di)(di),每(mei)年引(yin)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)10~11.6億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)。地(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)埋(mai)藏在第四紀沉積層中,一(yi)(yi)般埋(mai)深0.5~3.2米(mi)(mi)之間(jian),含水(shui)(shui)厚度30~160米(mi)(mi),礦化度低于3克/升。充足的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)資源為五原(yuan)小麥(mai)提供(gong)了良好的(de)(de)灌(guan)溉(gai)條(tiao)件,而且水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)充沛(pei),無工業污染。
3、氣(qi)(qi)候情況:五原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)屬(shu)中溫帶大陸性氣(qi)(qi)候,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)海拔高度1102.7米,具(ju)有光能豐(feng)富、日照充足、晝夜溫差(cha)大、降(jiang)雨量(liang)少而集(ji)(ji)中的(de)(de)特點。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫7.0℃,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)風速(su)2.6米/秒,東北風向較多。全年(nian)(nian)日照時數(shu)3192.5小時,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)日照百分率72%,太(tai)陽年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)輻射總(zong)數(shu)153.439千(qian)卡(ka)/平(ping)(ping)方厘米,無霜期117~136天。平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)169毫米,降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)集(ji)(ji)中在夏秋(qiu)兩(liang)季(ji)。年(nian)(nian)際降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)變化(hua)大。年(nian)(nian)蒸發(fa)(fa)量(liang)2067.8毫米,是降(jiang)雨量(liang)的(de)(de)11.5倍(bei),屬(shu)半干(gan)旱類型(xing)。獨特的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)候條件,適宜(yi)五原(yuan)(yuan)小麥的(de)(de)生(sheng)長發(fa)(fa)育,并且遠離污(wu)(wu)染,產品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)優(you)佳,是國家和自治區(qu)(qu)重要的(de)(de)綠(lv)色農(nong)畜產品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產基地(di)。 4、農(nong)業(ye)環境(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)五原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)欠發(fa)(fa)達地(di)區(qu)(qu),主(zhu)要以農(nong)業(ye)經(jing)濟(ji)為主(zhu),處于(yu)(yu)(yu)草原(yuan)(yuan)和沙漠的(de)(de)包(bao)圍之(zhi)中,基本(ben)上屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)無污(wu)(wu)染地(di)區(qu)(qu)。據環保部門(men)測定:五原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)大氣(qi)(qi)綜合指(zhi)數(shu)P綜=0.56,屬(shu)一級(ji)(ji)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping),說明(ming)空氣(qi)(qi)清(qing)潔,未被污(wu)(wu)染。土壤綜合指(zhi)數(shu)P綜=0.78,屬(shu)二(er)級(ji)(ji)清(qing)潔標(biao)準,基本(ben)未受到污(wu)(wu)染。灌(guan)溉(gai)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)綜合指(zhi)數(shu)P綜=0.72,屬(shu)二(er)級(ji)(ji)清(qing)潔標(biao)準。綜上所述(shu),五原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)大氣(qi)(qi)、土壤、水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等環境(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)十分有利于(yu)(yu)(yu)發(fa)(fa)展生(sheng)態農(nong)業(ye)。
三.地域范圍
五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)縣位于內(nei)蒙古(gu)自治區(qu)西部巴(ba)彥淖爾市,南鄰黃河,北(bei)靠陰山,東(dong)(dong)西分別與(yu)烏拉特前旗和(he)臨河區(qu)接壤,地(di)(di)處河套平(ping)原(yuan)腹(fu)地(di)(di),地(di)(di)勢(shi)平(ping)坦,土地(di)(di)坡降僅為八(ba)千分之一,110國道、京藏高(gao)速和(he)包蘭鐵路全境通過(guo)。地(di)(di)理(li)坐標位于(五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)小麥農產品地(di)(di)理(li)標志(zhi)保護(hu)范圍):東(dong)(dong)經107°35′70″——108°37′50″,北(bei)緯(wei)40°46′30″——41°16′45″。東(dong)(dong)西長約62.5公里(li),南北(bei)寬約40公里(li)。轄9個(ge)鄉鎮(zhen),117個(ge)行政村,774個(ge)社,總(zong)人(ren)口30.3萬人(ren),總(zong)戶數52978戶,其中農業人(ren)口21萬,有勞動力(li)10萬人(ren),總(zong)耕地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積230萬畝(mu)。全縣小麥生產面(mian)(mian)積16467公頃,產量86450噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
產(chan)品外在感觀特征(zheng):五(wu)原小(xiao)麥(mai)的主栽品種(zhong)為永良4號,是河套灌區(qu)的特色(se)品種(zhong),該小(xiao)麥(mai)籽粒飽滿,容(rong)重高(gao)(gao),蛋白質含量(liang)高(gao)(gao),面(mian)(mian)(mian)筋(jin)(jin)值高(gao)(gao),加工成的面(mian)(mian)(mian)粉適(shi)應面(mian)(mian)(mian)廣,做出的餃子、面(mian)(mian)(mian)條色(se)澤好,透亮,玻璃質表現明顯,食用品質好,筋(jin)(jin)道,滑爽(shuang),粘彈性好,營養豐富,深受廣大(da)消(xiao)費(fei)者青睞。
產品內(nei)在品質(zhi)特性:五原小麥(mai)口感好,營養豐富,經檢測,蛋白(bai)質(zhi)含量為14-18.0g/100g,面筋質(zhi)為27-33%,能量為1489-1536KJ/100g,碳水(shui)化(hua)合物(wu)為68.4-70.2g/100g,蛋白(bai)質(zhi)含量和濕面筋質(zhi)含量分別比全國平(ping)均水(shui)平(ping)高(gao)1.4%和3.3%。