形態特征
多年生草本。根(gen)粗壯,通常直立(li),少有(you)為橫(heng)生;根(gen)頸短粗,先端(duan)被多數棕(zong)褐色(se)、膜質鱗片(pian)狀(zhuang)葉。花(hua)莖高6~30厘(li)米(mi)(mi),其下部(bu)的葉較(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao),疏生,上部(bu)葉較(jiao)(jiao)密生,葉長圓(yuan)狀(zhuang)匙形(xing)(xing)(xing)、長圓(yuan)狀(zhuang)菱形(xing)(xing)(xing)或長圓(yuan)狀(zhuang)披針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長7~40毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),寬4~9毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),先端(duan)急尖(jian)至漸(jian)尖(jian),基部(bu)楔形(xing)(xing)(xing),邊(bian)緣上部(bu)有(you)粗牙(ya)齒,下部(bu)近(jin)全緣。聚傘花(hua)序,密集多花(hua),寬1.5~2.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi),下部(bu)托似葉;雌雄(xiong)(xiong)異株;萼片(pian)4,少有(you)5,披針(zhen)狀(zhuang)線形(xing)(xing)(xing),長1~3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),先端(duan)鈍(dun)(dun);花(hua)瓣4,尖(jian)有(you)5,淡黃色(se),線狀(zhuang)倒披針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)或長圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長2~6毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),先端(duan)鈍(dun)(dun);雄(xiong)(xiong)花(hua)中雄(xiong)(xiong)蕊8,較(jiao)(jiao)花(hua)瓣長,花(hua)藥黃色(se),有(you)不(bu)發育的心(xin)皮;雌花(hua)中心(xin)皮4,花(hua)柱外彎,鱗片(pian)4,長圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長1~1.5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),寬0.6毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),先端(duan)微缺。
生長習性
生于在海拔(ba)1600-2500米的山(shan)坡林下(xia)、碎石(shi)山(shan)坡及(ji)高山(shan)凍原(yuan)。
主要價值
據(ju)歷史記載,《本草(cao)綱目》把紅(hong)(hong)景(jing)天列為(wei)上品。謂:“主大熱(re)火瘡,身熱(re)煩(fan),邪惡氣”。在長白山(shan)(shan)(shan)地區(qu),民間常用高山(shan)(shan)(shan)紅(hong)(hong)景(jing)天作為(wei)補品和治療疾(ji)病之藥,用它煎(jian)水或泡酒(jiu)飲用以消除重體力勞(lao)動帶來的(de)疲勞(lao)和抵抗高寒山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)的(de)冬季寒冷。清(qing)朝時人們已(yi)把高山(shan)(shan)(shan)紅(hong)(hong)景(jing)天當作強(qiang)壯劑,用于(yu)滋(zi)補強(qiang)身,解除疲勞(lao),恢(hui)復元氣和抵御(yu)寒冷,康熙皇帝曾派遣專門探險隊去尋找(zhao)紅(hong)(hong)景(jing)天并(bing)向各地索取紅(hong)(hong)景(jing)天作為(wei)貢(gong)品。
長白(bai)(bai)山(shan)(shan)紅(hong)(hong)景(jing)(jing)天(tian)(tian)(tian),又名庫(ku)頁紅(hong)(hong)景(jing)(jing)天(tian)(tian)(tian),生長在長白(bai)(bai)山(shan)(shan)海(hai)拔3500米(mi)以上地帶(dai),性寒、味(wei)甘、澀。世界(jie)上只(zhi)有部(bu)分區(qu)域(yu)適合長白(bai)(bai)山(shan)(shan)紅(hong)(hong)景(jing)(jing)天(tian)(tian)(tian)生長,主要分布在俄羅斯遠東地區(qu)、日(ri)本、朝鮮北部(bu)、中國(guo)東北的高(gao)山(shan)(shan)地帶(dai),范圍較小。2006年7月(yue),國(guo)家質檢總局批準對長白(bai)(bai)山(shan)(shan)紅(hong)(hong)景(jing)(jing)天(tian)(tian)(tian)實施地理標志產品保護,保護區(qu)域(yu)為吉林省臨江市(shi)所轄行政區(qu)域(yu)。