天(tian)(tian)童(tong)(tong)(tong)寺掩(yan)映于(yu)茂林修竹間,群山(shan)環(huan)抱,古(gu)(gu)木參天(tian)(tian)。天(tian)(tian)童(tong)(tong)(tong)寺位于(yu)浙江省寧波(bo)市東(dong)30公里(li)的(de)鄞縣東(dong)鄉太(tai)白(bai)(bai)(bai)山(shan)麓(現(xian)屬于(yu)寧波(bo)市鄞州區(qu)(qu)東(dong)吳鎮天(tian)(tian)童(tong)(tong)(tong)村境內),是(shi)國務院確定的(de)漢族(zu)地區(qu)(qu)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教全國重(zhong)點寺院。天(tian)(tian)童(tong)(tong)(tong)寺創建(jian)于(yu)西(xi)晉永康元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(300年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),距(ju)今(jin)已有1700多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)歷史,是(shi)寧波(bo)東(dong)部地區(qu)(qu)著(zhu)名(ming)的(de)兩大(da)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)寺廟之一(yi)(另一(yi)座為(wei)阿育王寺)。僧(seng)人(ren)義興云游至南(nan)山(shan)之東(dong)谷,見此地山(shan)明水(shui)秀(xiu),遂結(jie)茅(mao)修持(chi)(chi)(chi),當(dang)時有童(tong)(tong)(tong)子日奉薪(xin)水(shui),臨辭時自稱(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)“太(tai)白(bai)(bai)(bai)金星”化身,受(shou)玉帝派遣(qian)前來護持(chi)(chi)(chi)。自此山(shan)名(ming)“太(tai)白(bai)(bai)(bai)”,寺曰“天(tian)(tian)童(tong)(tong)(tong)”。唐(tang)開(kai)元二十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(732年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),法璇禪(chan)(chan)師(shi)建(jian)太(tai)白(bai)(bai)(bai)精舍(she),后人(ren)稱(cheng)(cheng)之為(wei)“古(gu)(gu)天(tian)(tian)童(tong)(tong)(tong)”。至德(de)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(757年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),宗(zong)(zong)(zong)弼禪(chan)(chan)師(shi)將寺遷到太(tai)白(bai)(bai)(bai)峰下,即今(jin)寺址(zhi)。乾元二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(759年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),肅宗(zong)(zong)(zong)賜(si)名(ming)為(wei)“天(tian)(tian)童(tong)(tong)(tong)玲瓏寺。”咸通十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(869年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),唐(tang)懿宗(zong)(zong)(zong)敕(chi)(chi)賜(si)“天(tian)(tian)壽(shou)寺”名(ming)。景(jing)德(de)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1007年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),宋(song)真(zhen)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)敕(chi)(chi)賜(si)“天(tian)(tian)童(tong)(tong)(tong)景(jing)德(de)禪(chan)(chan)寺”額。寺僧(seng)惟(wei)白(bai)(bai)(bai)多次與神宗(zong)(zong)(zong)皇(huang)帝研(yan)討佛(fo)(fo)(fo)理,宋(song)徽(hui)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)敕(chi)(chi)賜(si)他“佛(fo)(fo)(fo)國禪(chan)(chan)師(shi)”稱(cheng)(cheng)號,并御書天(tian)(tian)童(tong)(tong)(tong)景(jing)德(de)寺惟(wei)白(bai)(bai)(bai)續燈(deng)錄序。建(jian)炎三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1129年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),曹洞宗(zong)(zong)(zong)著(zhu)名(ming)禪(chan)(chan)師(shi)正(zheng)覺(jue)(1091—1157)住持(chi)(chi)(chi),住山(shan)30年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),弘(hong)傳曹洞宗(zong)(zong)(zong)教義,倡(chang)導(dao)“默照禪(chan)(chan)”。1134年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),寺內修建(jian)容納千(qian)人(ren)僧(seng)堂,繼而(er)擴大(da)山(shan)門(men)為(wei)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)閣(ge),內供千(qian)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)。中(zhong)建(jian)盧舍(she)那閣(ge),置(zhi)五十(shi)三善智識像,稱(cheng)(cheng)“千(qian)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)閣(ge)”。
天童寺(si)(si)四(si)周群山(shan)峻(jun)嶺環抱,山(shan)林(lin)(lin)多(duo)姿,風(feng)光靈秀,附近有天童森林(lin)(lin),寺(si)(si)前有參天古松成行伴道,崇樓(lou)杰閣相映,更有深徑(jing)回松、風(feng)崗修竹(zhu)、清(qing)關噴雪、雙池印景(jing)(jing)等十大勝景(jing)(jing)點綴其間,徜徉欣賞之余(yu),令人(ren)想起宋(song)代大詩(shi)人(ren)王安石贊美天童寺(si)(si)的詩(shi)篇(pian):“村村桑拓綠浮(fu)空,春日(ri)鶯(ying)啼谷幾風(feng);二十里松林(lin)(lin)欲(yu)盡,青(qing)山(shan)捧出梵(fan)王宮。”詩(shi)人(ren)將風(feng)光旖旎的天童寺(si)(si)地理(li)位(wei)置(zhi)形象(xiang)地點活了。
少白嶺(ling)是去天童(tong)寺(si)參(can)觀游覽必經之地。少白嶺(ling)上建有五(wu)佛鎮(zhen)蟒塔,俗稱少白塔。相(xiang)傳唐會(hui)昌(chang)年間(841-846年)有巨(ju)蟒作崇,吞噬行人,心鏡禪(chan)師以石饅頭誘殺除害,鎮于(yu)塔下(xia),故(gu)俗稱鐵蛇關。
是(shi)天(tian)童十景之一(yi)。從伏虎亭(ting)至景倩亭(ting)約1.5公(gong)里,深徑兩側,千年蒼(cang)松,直刺青(qing)天。南(nan)宋袁(yuan)奎(kui)詩云:“太白峰(feng)前(qian)三十里,古(gu)松夾道(dao)奏竽笙(sheng);清(qing)輝秀色交相映,未羨山陰(yin)道(dao)上行(xing)。”
在寺東山腳幽徑旁,有(you)一片翠綠竹林,遮蔽(bi)云(yun)天,山風(feng)起時(shi),秀竹婆娑弄影。傳說曾有(you)鳳(feng)來(lai)儀,故稱“鳳(feng)崗修竹”,也是“天童十景(jing)(jing)”之一。盛夏來此(ci),清(qing)涼沁人(ren)。在此(ci)路(lu)上還有清(qing)關橋(qiao),山上之水(shui)匯聚(ju)于萬(wan)工池流(liu)經清(qing)關橋(qiao)注(zhu)入溪流(liu)中。每當(dang)大雨過后,橋(qiao)下溪流(liu)飛(fei)濺,噴涌似(si)雪團,與萬(wan)松(song)、鐵蛇(she)合稱(cheng)“天童三關”。此(ci)處也是“天童十景(jing)(jing)”之一,稱(cheng)“清(qing)關噴雪”。
是指天童寺前的內外兩個萬工池,舊(jiu)為(wei)放生(sheng)池。池水清澈,碧瓦朱墻倒映入池,更添佳趣,池上方有琵琶石,以足頓之,鏗鏘發音如琵琶聲。這(zhe)也是“天童十景”之一,就是(shi)“雙池印(yin)景”。
天童(tong)寺(si)據寧(ning)(ning)波(bo)市區約30公(gong)里,乘(cheng)公(gong)交車需75-90分(fen)鐘左(zuo)右。游客可(ke)事(shi)先乘(cheng)車到寧(ning)(ning)波(bo)汽車東站,然后向(xiang)西北(bei)方步行約100米(可(ke)在附近打聽一(yi)(yi)下)到寧(ning)(ning)波(bo)公(gong)交福明站(世紀大道旁),在此乘(cheng)坐(zuo)前往天童(tong)寺(si)的直(zhi)達車空調162路(約10-15分(fen)鐘一(yi)(yi)班(ban)),票價(jia)3元(yuan)。
寧波汽車(che)(che)東站附(fu)近的福明公交站乘162路至天(tian)童站下車(che)(che),往(wang)山上步行1.4公里即(ji)是。車(che)(che)程約1小時。
(1)舟(zhou)山(shan)方向前來:經甬舟(zhou)高(gao)速(su)(舟(zhou)山(shan)跨海大橋)在(zai)蛟(jiao)川互通轉(zhuan)入寧波繞城高(gao)速(su)東段(北侖、金華、象山(shan)方向),在(zai)五(wu)鄉互通轉(zhuan)北侖方向,在(zai)育王出(chu)口下高(gao)速(su),轉(zhuan)向東南(nan)(出(chu)門(men)右(you)轉(zhuan)),經少(shao)白嶺隧道后,根據旅游提(ti)示(shi),轉(zhuan)向路左邊即可。
(2)杭(hang)(hang)州前來(lai):經杭(hang)(hang)甬高(gao)速,過(guo)寧(ning)波東出口后(hou),沿同(tong)三(san)高(gao)速直行(北(bei)侖(lun)方向),由育王(wang)出口下即(ji)可,其(qi)余與上同(tong)。
(3)上海/嘉興方向(xiang)(xiang)前來:經杭(hang)州灣跨海大(da)橋高(gao)速,在寧(ning)波(bo)北沿寧(ning)波(bo)繞城(cheng)高(gao)速轉(zhuan)舟山方向(xiang)(xiang),在蛟川互(hu)通轉(zhuan)北侖(lun)方向(xiang)(xiang),其余(yu)與舟山方向(xiang)(xiang)同。
(4)溫州、臺州方向前來:經甬臺溫高速,在育王(wang)出口(kou)下高速。
(5)由(you)金(jin)華方向(xiang)前來(lai):經(jing)甬金(jin)高(gao)(gao)速,在寧(ning)波西(xi)出口(kou)轉寧(ning)波繞城(cheng)高(gao)(gao)速,朝北(bei)侖方向(xiang),在育(yu)王出口(kou)下高(gao)(gao)速。
(6)由通(tong)途路(lu)在東外環路(lu)口,轉向南方,經寧穿(chuan)路(lu),在沙堰村路(lu)口轉向東南,根據指示(shi)行(xing)車(che)即可。
(7)沿鄞縣大道(橫(街)少(白)線)一直(zhi)向東(dong),過(guo)三溪浦(pu)水庫后即(ji)達。
西晉(jin)永康年(公元300年),僧人(ren)義(yi)興云游(you)至揚州部會郡(jun)縣(即今鄞州)南(nan)山之東(dong)谷,因愛其山水,遂在此(ci)結(jie)茅修持(chi)。相傳,當時東(dong)谷附近并無人(ren)煙(yan),卻有(you)一位(wei)童(tong)子(zi)每天(tian)前來(lai)送給薪(xin)水。不久(jiu)精舍(she)建成(cheng),童(tong)子(zi)對義(yi)興大師說:我是太白金(jin)星,因為大師篤于道(dao)行,感(gan)動玉帝,命(ming)我化為童(tong)子(zi)前來(lai)護持(chi)左右(you)。如今大功告(gao)成(cheng),特此(ci)告(gao)辭。言訖童(tong)子(zi)不見(jian)。由此(ci)山名太白,寺(si)名天(tian)童(tong)。
元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)大德三年(公元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1301年),成(cheng)宗帝(di)賜千佛(fo)閣(ge)(ge)為(wei)朝(chao)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)寶閣(ge)(ge),后毀。至(zhi)正十(shi)九(jiu)年(公元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1359年),元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)良(liang)禪師(shi)(shi)重建朝(chao)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)寶閣(ge)(ge),鑄萬(wan)銅(tong)佛(fo)供于閣(ge)(ge)中(zhong),閣(ge)(ge)旁增置二樓,左鴻鐘,右(you)輪(lun)藏,煙云(yun)繚繞,金(jin)碧(bi)輝(hui)煌。有(you)詩贊曰:“云(yun)從太白山頭起,香自朝(chao)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)閣(ge)(ge)上飄”。至(zhi)正二十(shi)年(公元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1360年),順(shun)帝(di)敕賜元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)良(liang)禪師(shi)(shi)“善(shan)覺普光祥師(shi)(shi)”號。
清順治十(shi)(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)1659年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),世(shi)祖帝召寺(si)僧(seng)道忞(min)進就敕(chi)諭,并賜(si)(si)(si)三衣(yi)、黃衣(yi)、緣云(yun)緞袍(pao)(pao)(pao)各(ge)一(yi)(yi)襲。次年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)賜(si)(si)(si)帑(tang)金千(qian)兩(liang)命(ming)重修佛殿(dian),敕(chi)封道忞(min)“弘(hong)覺禪師”號,并賜(si)(si)(si)銀印一(yi)(yi)顆,重40兩(liang),方(fang)(fang)廣(guang)三寸許,右為漢篆“弘(hong)覺禪師之印”,左鐫滿(man)文一(yi)(yi)行(xing),賜(si)(si)(si)三衣(yi),五衣(yi)、七衣(yi)、黃祖衣(yi),宮道袍(pao)(pao)(pao)、沉香色道袍(pao)(pao)(pao)及千(qian)衲衣(yi)、夾衣(yi)等。御(yu)書僧(seng)詩一(yi)(yi)首,曰:“心(xin)隨萬境轉,轉處實能幽;隨流認得性(xing),無(wu)喜亦(yi)無(wu)忱(chen)。”康熙四十(shi)(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)1709年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),圣祖帝敕(chi)賜(si)(si)(si)天童(tong)寺(si)御(yu)書金字(zi)心(xin)經(jing)寶塔一(yi)(yi)幅(fu),旁記(ji)康熙歲次乙酉二(er)月南巡舟中書。五月又賜(si)(si)(si)金字(zi)心(xin)經(jing)一(yi)(yi)卷、僧(seng)詩一(yi)(yi)幅(fu)、白(bai)綾四條。雍正十(shi)(shi)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)1733年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),世(shi)宗帝賜(si)(si)(si)御(yu)書“慈云(yun)密(mi)布”匾(bian)額(e)及柱聯、贊(zan)釋迦、觀音偈(jie)各(ge)一(yi)(yi)。光緒二(er)十(shi)(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)1902年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),寄禪和(he)尚住(zhu)持后,將(jiang)十(shi)(shi)方(fang)(fang)叢林(lin)住(zhu)持繼承制(zhi)度(du)改為十(shi)(shi)方(fang)(fang)選(xuan)賢(xian)制(zhi)度(du),稱為選(xuan)賢(xian)叢林(lin),這種制(zhi)度(du)是叢林(lin)住(zhu)持史上的一(yi)(yi)個進步。
新中國成立(li)后,天(tian)童禪寺(si)得到了(le)人民(min)政府保(bao)護,僧(seng)眾早晚功課,威儀(yi)整(zheng)肅,參(can)禪念佛(fo),不廢古規。同時(shi)發揚“農禪并重”優良傳統,參(can)加(jia)農業(ye)生產勞動(dong)。1966年“文化(hua)大革命(ming)”開始(shi),不久寺(si)院移作它用(yong),佛(fo)像被(bei)毀。1979年經國務院批準并撥款進行修復(fu),古寺(si)重輝,法(fa)炬復(fu)燃,全(quan)寺(si)僧(seng)眾晨鐘暮鼓,誦經禮佛(fo);參(can)禪悟道,紹隆三寶,如(ru)法(fa)如(ru)律地進行宗(zong)教活動(dong)。