背景介紹：

禪(chan)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)祖(zu)(zu)師為(wei)印度(du)高僧(seng)達摩尊者，傳慧可、僧(seng)璨、道信(xin)。至五祖(zu)(zu)弘(hong)忍(ren)后(hou)(hou)又分為(wei)南(nan)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)惠能（六(liu)祖(zu)(zu)），北宗(zong)(zong)(zong)神(shen)秀。之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)隨著大(da)范圍傳播(bo)發展，又分成(cheng)溈仰宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、臨(lin)濟(ji)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、曹(cao)洞(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、云門宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、法眼宗(zong)(zong)(zong)；臨(lin)濟(ji)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)后(hou)(hou)來又形成(cheng)黃龍、楊岐兩派，稱為(wei)“五家(jia)七宗(zong)(zong)(zong)”。禪(chan)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)五宗(zong)(zong)(zong)當中，保存下來的只有(you)臨(lin)濟(ji)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)和(he)曹(cao)洞(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)兩派，其他三派法眼云門宗(zong)(zong)(zong)和(he)溈仰宗(zong)(zong)(zong)從(cong)宋(song)朝之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)就已經失傳。

在(zai)禪門五宗(zong)中，臨(lin)濟(ji)宗(zong)從宋(song)以后基本上成為(wei)(wei)禪宗(zong)主流(liu)，臨(lin)濟(ji)宗(zong)流(liu)傳(chuan)(chuan)時間長(chang)(chang)，影響大，從曹(cao)溪的(de)(de)六(liu)(liu)祖(zu)惠能(neng)，歷南岳、馬祖(zu)、百丈(zhang)、黃(huang)檗，一直到臨(lin)濟(ji)的(de)(de)義(yi)玄，于臨(lin)濟(ji)禪院舉揚一家，后世稱為(wei)(wei)臨(lin)濟(ji)宗(zong)。義(yi)玄是惠能(neng)的(de)(de)六(liu)(liu)世法(fa)孫(sun)(sun)。又臨(lin)濟(ji)六(liu)(liu)世孫(sun)(sun)為(wei)(wei)石霜之(zhi)圓禪師。圓禪師以后分楊岐派、黃(huang)龍派。已故深圳(zhen)弘法(fa)寺佛門泰斗(dou)本煥長(chang)(chang)老是臨(lin)濟(ji)宗(zong)臨(lin)濟(ji)法(fa)派第四十四代(dai)傳(chuan)(chuan)人，本煥長(chang)(chang)老舍利供奉(feng)于:深圳(zhen)弘法(fa)寺、敦煌雷音寺、福泉寺等。

曹洞(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)最初創(chuang)立并不在(zai)(zai)云(yun)居山(shan)(shan)，而是在(zai)(zai)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)春宜(yi)(yi)(yi)豐縣的洞(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)和撫(fu)州宜(yi)(yi)(yi)黃縣的曹山(shan)(shan)分別(bie)創(chuang)立。宗(zong)(zong)(zong)派要一直傳承(cheng)下(xia)來并不容易，曹洞(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)在(zai)(zai)曹山(shan)(shan)一脈僅傳了(le)4代就(jiu)失(shi)傳了(le)，最終還是洞(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)一脈在(zai)(zai)云(yun)居山(shan)(shan)真如寺弘法(fa)，將曹洞(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)傳承(cheng)至(zhi)今(jin)。禪宗(zong)(zong)(zong)與凈土宗(zong)(zong)(zong)合流。臨(lin)濟宗(zong)(zong)(zong)曹洞(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)風一剛一柔，臨(lin)濟宗(zong)(zong)(zong)為國內主流。曹洞(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)漸臨(lin)消(xiao)泯后(hou)曹洞(dong)(dong)一支，由于(yu)疏山(shan)(shan)匡(kuang)仁、云(yun)居道膺門下(xia)弟子眾多，可以衍延下(xia)去，直至(zhi)今(jin)天。另外新羅(今(jin)朝鮮(xian))僧(seng)人(ren)利嚴(870—936年(nian))曾嗣法(fa)于(yu)道膺，歸國后(hou)在(zai)(zai)須彌(mi)山(shan)(shan)建廣(guang)照增，創(chuang)須彌(mi)山(shan)(shan)派。公元13世紀初，日(ri)(ri)本(ben)僧(seng)人(ren)道元又將曹洞(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)傳入日(ri)(ri)本(ben)，開立日(ri)(ri)本(ben)曹洞(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)。到20世紀80年(nian)代，日(ri)(ri)本(ben)曹洞(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)信(xin)徒已發展到1000多萬人(ren)。

日(ri)(ri)本(ben)傳統佛教的(de)“十(shi)三宗(zong)(zong)(zong)”這13宗(zong)(zong)(zong)為(wei)：臨(lin)濟(ji)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、黃檗宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（源(yuan)(yuan)自(zi)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)本(ben)屬于臨(lin)濟(ji)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)）、曹洞宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（源(yuan)(yuan)自(zi)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)）、凈(jing)土宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（源(yuan)(yuan)自(zi)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)）、真(zhen)言宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（又稱(cheng)“東(dong)密”相(xiang)傳為(wei)唐朝密宗(zong)(zong)(zong)青龍寺惠果大(da)師真(zhen)傳）、天(tian)臺(tai)(tai)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（與“東(dong)密”相(xiang)對，又稱(cheng)“臺(tai)(tai)密”，源(yuan)(yuan)于中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的(de)天(tian)臺(tai)(tai)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)）、律宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（與中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的(de)律宗(zong)(zong)(zong)相(xiang)似(si)）、華嚴宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（與中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的(de)華嚴宗(zong)(zong)(zong)相(xiang)似(si)）、法相(xiang)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（與中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的(de)法相(xiang)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)相(xiang)似(si)）、凈(jing)土真(zhen)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、日(ri)(ri)蓮(lian)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、融通念(nian)佛宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、時宗(zong)(zong)(zong)。