唐于(yu)志(zhi)寧撰文,唐歐(ou)陽詢書(shu)。此碑在陜西西安,無書(shu)寫(xie)年(nian)月。楷書(shu)28行(xing),行(xing)59字。碑額篆書(shu)“隋(sui)柱國弘(hong)義明公皇(huang)甫(fu)府君碑”十(shi)二(er)字。《墨林快(kuai)事(shi)》謂此碑立于(yu)隋(sui)朝,當為歐(ou)陽詢(557年(nian)~641年(nian))早年(nian)所書(shu),另有一說《皇(huang)甫(fu)誕碑》刻(ke)立于(yu)唐貞(zhen)觀(guan)年(nian)間(公元627年(nian)~650年(nian))。此碑在明代已斷為兩截。
隨柱國(guo)左光(guang)祿大夫弘義明(ming)公皇甫府君之碑(bei)。
銀(yin)青光祿大(da)夫(fu)行太子(zi)左庶子(zi)上柱國(guo)黎陽縣開國(guo)公于志寧制。
夫(fu)素秋(qiu)肅煞,勁草標於(wu)(wu)疾風;叔世艱虞(yu),忠(zhong)臣彰於(wu)(wu)赴難(nan)。銜須授命,結纓殉國(guo),英聲(sheng)煥乎記牒,徽烈著於(wu)(wu)旂常,豈若釁起蕭(xiao)墻,禍生蕃翰,強逾七國(guo),勢重(zhong)三監,其有蹈水火而不辭,臨鋒刃而莫顧,激清風於(wu)(wu)後葉,抗名節於(wu)(wu)當時者,見(jian)之弘義(yi)明公矣。
君諱誕,字玄憲(xian),安(an)定朝(chao)那人也。昔立效長丘,樹績東郡(jun),太尉裂壤於槐里,司(si)徒(tu)胙土於耏門(men),是以車(che)服旌其器能,茅社表其勛德(de),銘功衛鼎(ding),騰美晉鍾,盛族冠於國高,華(hua)宗(zong)邁(mai)於欒卻,備在史(shi)牒(die),可略言焉。曾祖重華(hua),使(shi)持節、龍驤將軍(jun)、梁州(zhou)(zhou)剌史(shi)。潤木暉山,方(fang)重價於趙(zhao)璧(bi);媚川照(zhao)闕,曜奇采於隨珠。祖和,雍(yong)州(zhou)(zhou)贊治,贈使(shi)持節、散騎常侍、車(che)騎大將軍(jun)、儀同(tong)三(san)(san)司(si)、膠、涇二(er)州(zhou)(zhou)刺史(shi)。高衢將騁,遽夭追風(feng)之足;扶搖始摶,早墜垂天之羽。父(fu)璠,使(shi)持節、驃騎大將軍(jun)、開府儀同(tong)三(san)(san)司(si)、隨州(zhou)(zhou)刺史(shi)、長樂恭侯。橫劍梐枑,威(wei)重冠軍(jun);析瑞蕃條,聲高渤海。
公量包申伯,稟(bing)嵩山之(zhi)秀氣;材(cai)兼(jian)蕭相,降昴緯(wei)之(zhi)淑精。據德依(yi)仁(ren),居(ju)貞體道。含(han)章表質,詎(ju)待變於(wu)朱藍;恭孝(xiao)為基,寧取訓(xun)於(wu)橋梓。鋒剸(tuan)犀象,百練挺(ting)於(wu)昆吾(wu);翼掩鴛鴻(hong),九萬奮(fen)於(wu)溟海。博(bo)韜胥產,文瞻卿云,孝(xiao)窮溫(wen)凊之(zhi)方(fang)(fang),忠盡(jin)匡救之(zhi)道。同(tong)何(he)充之(zhi)器局,被(bei)重晉君(jun);類荀攸之(zhi)宏圖(tu),見知魏主。斯(si)故(gu)(gu)包羅眾(zhong)藝,囊括群英者也。起家除周(zhou)畢(bi)王府(fu)長(chang)史(shi),策(ce)名(ming)蕃牧,則(ze)位重首(shou)寮;袨服睢陽,則(ze)譽(yu)光上客。既而蒼精委馭,炎運啟圖(tu),作貳邊服,實資令(ling)望(wang),授(shou)廣州長(chang)史(shi)。悅(yue)近來(lai)遠,變輕(qing)訬於(wu)雕題;伐叛懷柔,漸(jian)淳化於(wu)緩耳。蜀王地處維(wei)城,寄深(shen)磐石,建旟玉壘,作鎮銅梁(liang)(liang),妙擇奇才,以為僚(liao)佐(zuo),授(shou)公益(yi)州總管府(fu)司法。昔梁(liang)(liang)孝(xiao)開國,首(shou)辟鄒陽,燕(yan)昭(zhao)建邦,肇徵郭(guo)隗。故(gu)(gu)得馳令(ling)問於(wu)碣館(guan),播芳(fang)猷(you)於(wu)平臺,以古(gu)方(fang)(fang)今(jin),彼此一也。尋除尚書比部(bu)侍郎,轉刑部(bu)侍郎。趍步紫庭,光映(ying)朝列(lie);折(zhe)旋丹(dan)地,譽(yu)重周(zhou)行。俄(e)遷治書侍御(yu)史(shi)。彈違糾慝,時絕權豪;霜簡直繩(sheng),俗寢貪競(jing)。
隨文帝求衣待(dai)旦(dan),志(zhi)在恤刑,咒網泣(qi)辜,情存緩獄。授大理少卿。公(gong)(gong)巨細必察,同(tong)張季之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)聽理;寬猛相濟,比于(yu)公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無冤。但禮闈務殷,樞轄寄重,允膺此(ci)職(zhi)(zhi),實難其人。授尚書(shu)右(you)丞,洞明政(zheng)術,深曉(xiao)治方,臧否自分(fen),條目咸理。丁(ding)母憂去職(zhi)(zhi)。哀(ai)慟里(li)閭,鄰人為之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罷社(she);悲感衢路,行(xing)客以之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輟歌。孝德則(ze)師范(fan)彝倫,精誠則(ze)貫徹幽顯,雖高曾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)性,何以加焉。尋(xun)詔奪情,復其舊任(ren)。于(yu)時山(shan)東之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地,俗(su)升民(min)澆,雖預編(bian)民(min),未(wei)行(xing)聲(sheng)教。詔公(gong)(gong)持節為河北河南道安(an)撫大使(shi),仍賜米五(wu)百石、絹五(wu)百匹。公(gong)(gong)輶軒布政(zheng),美冠皇華之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篇;擁節觀風,榮甚繡(xiu)衣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)。事訖反命,授尚書(shu)左丞。然(ran)并州(zhou)地處參(can)墟,城臨晉水,作固同(tong)於西蜀,設險類(lei)於東秦(qin)(原文是“泰”,注1),實山(shan)河之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要沖,信蕃服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)襟帶。授公(gong)(gong)并州(zhou)總管府司馬(ma),加儀(yi)同(tong)三司。公(gong)(gong)贊務大邦,聲(sheng)名藉甚,精民(min)感化,黠吏(li)畏(wei)威。
屬(shu)文帝劍璽(xi)空留,鑾蹕(bi)莫(mo)反,楊諒(liang)率(lv)太(tai)原之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甲,擁河(he)朔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵。方叔段之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作亂京城(cheng),同(tong)州吁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)挻禍(huo)濮(pu)上,雖無當璧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地,乃懷奪宗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心。公(gong)(gong)備說(shuo)安危,具陳逆順,翻納魏勃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)策(ce),反被王(wang)悍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)災。仁壽四年九月,溘從運往(wang),春秋五(wu)十(shi)有一。萬機起殲良(liang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嘆,百辟興喪(sang)予(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)悲,切孔氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山頹(tui),痛楊君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)棟折(zhe)。贈(zeng)柱國(guo)、左(zuo)光(guang)祿大夫,封弘義郡(jun)公(gong)(gong),食邑五(wu)千(qian)戶,謚曰明公(gong)(gong),禮也(ye)。喪(sang)事所須,隨由資(zi)給,賜(si)帛(bo)五(wu)千(qian)段,粟三千(qian)石。
惟公溫潤成(cheng)性(xing),夙表白虹之(zhi)(zhi)珍;黼(fu)黻為文(wen),幼挺雕(diao)龍(long)之(zhi)(zhi)采。行已窮於(wu)(wu)(wu)六本,蘊德包於(wu)(wu)(wu)四科(ke),延閣曲臺之(zhi)(zhi)奇(qi)書,鴻(hong)都(dou)石(shi)渠之(zhi)(zhi)秘說,莫不(bu)尋其枝葉,踐(jian)其隩隅。譬越(yue)箭(jian)達犀,飾之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)括羽(yu);楚金切玉(yu),加之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)磨礲。救乏同(tong)於(wu)(wu)(wu)指囷,親識待其舉火,進賢(xian)方於(wu)(wu)(wu)推轂,知已俟以(yi)(yi)彈(dan)冠。存信舍原,黃金賤於(wu)(wu)(wu)然諾;忘身(shen)殉難(nan),性(xing)命輕(qing)於(wu)(wu)(wu)鴻(hong)毛。齊大(da)小(xiao)於(wu)(wu)(wu)沖襟(jin),混(hun)寵辱於(wu)(wu)(wu)靈府,可謂楷模雅俗,冠冕時(shi)雄者也。方當亮(liang)采泰(tai)階,參(can)綜機務,豈謂世逢多故,運屬道消,未展經邦之(zhi)(zhi)謀(mou),奄鍾(zhong)非命之(zhi)(zhi)酷。世子(zi)民部尚(shang)書上柱國(guo)(guo)滑國(guo)(guo)公無逸以(yi)(yi)為,邢山之(zhi)(zhi)下,莫識祭仲之(zhi)(zhi)墳;平(ping)陵之(zhi)(zhi)東,誰知子(zi)孟(meng)之(zhi)(zhi)墓。乃(nai)雕(diao)戈勒石(shi),騰實飛聲,樹之(zhi)(zhi)康(kang)衢(qu),永表芳烈(lie)。庶葛亮(liang)之(zhi)(zhi)隴(long),鍾(zhong)生禁(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)樵(qiao)蘇;賈逵之(zhi)(zhi)碑,魏(wei)君嘆之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)不(bu)朽(xiu)。乃(nai)為銘曰:
殷后(hou)華宗,名卿(qing)胄(zhou)系。人物代(dai)德(de),衣冠重世(shi)。逢時翼主,膺期佐帝。運策經綸,執(zhi)鈞匡(kuang)濟。門承積慶(qing),世(shi)挺偉人。夜光愧(kui)寶(bao),朝(chao)采慚珍(zhen)。云中(zhong)比陸,日下(xia)方荀。抑揚元輔,參贊機鈞。玉葉東封(feng)(feng),貳(er)圖(tu)北(bei)啟(qi)。伏奏(zou)青(qing)蒲,曳裾朱邸(di)。名馳碣石,聲高建禮(li)。珥(er)筆憲臺,握蘭文陛。分星裂士,建侯開國。輔藉正人,相(xiang)資懿德(de)。中(zhong)臺輟務,晉陽就職。望重府(fu)朝(chao),譽聞宸極。亂階蔓(man)草,災生(sheng)剪桐。成師構難,太叔興(xing)戎。建德(de)效(xiao)節(jie),夷吾盡忠。命屯(tun)道著,身歿名隆。牛亭始卜,馬獦初封(feng)(feng)。翠碑刻(ke)鳳,丹旆(pei)圖(tu)龍(long)。煙橫古(gu)樹,云鎖喬松。敬(jing)銘盛德(de),永播笙(sheng)鏞。
歐(ou)陽(yang)(yang)詢(xun)(xun)(xun)(557一641年(nian)(nian)(nian)),唐(tang)(tang)代,漢族,潭(tan)州臨(lin)湘(xiang)(今長沙)人,字信本(ben),楷書(shu)(shu)(shu)四大家(歐(ou)陽(yang)(yang)詢(xun)(xun)(xun)、顏真(zhen)卿、柳(liu)公(gong)權、趙孟頫)之(zhi)(zhi)一。公(gong)元557年(nian)(nian)(nian)出生于(yu)衡州(今衡陽(yang)(yang)),祖(zu)籍潭(tan)州臨(lin)湘(xiang)(今湖南(nan)長沙),歐(ou)陽(yang)(yang)詢(xun)(xun)(xun)祖(zu)父(fu)歐(ou)陽(yang)(yang)頒(498~563年(nian)(nian)(nian))曾為(wei)南(nan)梁(liang)直閣將軍(jun),父(fu)歐(ou)陽(yang)(yang)紇(he)曾任南(nan)陳廣州刺史和左衛(wei)將軍(jun)等職(zhi)。因(yin)(yin)(yin)舉兵反陳失(shi)敗被(bei)殺(sha),并(bing)(bing)株(zhu)連家族。歐(ou)陽(yang)(yang)詢(xun)(xun)(xun)因(yin)(yin)(yin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)幼幸免于(yu)難,被(bei)父(fu)親好友收養。歐(ou)陽(yang)(yang)詢(xun)(xun)(xun)聰敏(min)勤學(xue),涉獵(lie)經史,博聞強記。隋朝時(shi),歐(ou)陽(yang)(yang)詢(xun)(xun)(xun)曾官至太常博士(shi)。因(yin)(yin)(yin)與李淵交好,在大唐(tang)(tang)盛世(shi)(shi)累遷銀青光祿大夫、給事中(zhong)、太子率(lv)更令、弘文館學(xue)士(shi),封渤(bo)海縣男,也稱(cheng)(cheng)“歐(ou)陽(yang)(yang)率(lv)更”。與同(tong)代另(ling)三(san)位(虞(yu)世(shi)(shi)南(nan)、褚(chu)遂良、薛稷(ji)),并(bing)(bing)稱(cheng)(cheng)初唐(tang)(tang)四大家。因(yin)(yin)(yin)其子歐(ou)陽(yang)(yang)通亦(yi)通善書(shu)(shu)(shu)法(fa),故其又稱(cheng)(cheng)“大歐(ou)”。歐(ou)陽(yang)(yang)詢(xun)(xun)(xun)楷書(shu)(shu)(shu)法(fa)度(du)之(zhi)(zhi)嚴謹,筆力(li)之(zhi)(zhi)險峻,世(shi)(shi)無所匹(pi),被(bei)稱(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)唐(tang)(tang)人楷書(shu)(shu)(shu)第一。他與虞(yu)世(shi)(shi)南(nan)俱以(yi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)法(fa)馳(chi)名初唐(tang)(tang),并(bing)(bing)稱(cheng)(cheng)“歐(ou)虞(yu)”,后人以(yi)其書(shu)(shu)(shu)于(yu)平正中(zhong)見險絕(jue),最便初學(xue),號為(wei)“歐(ou)體(ti)”,他的字有多人評論。
注一:原碑文是“作固同(tong)於西蜀,設險類於東(dong)(dong)泰”,啟功認為東(dong)(dong)泰的說法不通,應為“東(dong)(dong)秦”,東(dong)(dong)秦指(zhi)的是齊國(guo)。這個問題尚需學(xue)術界進(jin)行最終確定。
歐陽詢—皇甫誕碑(bei)全稱《隋柱(zhu)國左光祿(lu)大(da)夫弘義明公皇甫府君(jun)之(zhi)碑(bei)》,亦稱《皇甫君(jun)碑(bei)》。
《皇(huang)(huang)甫(fu)(fu)誕碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》用筆(bi)(bi)緊密內(nei)斂,剛勁不(bu)撓。點(dian)(dian)畫重在提筆(bi)(bi)刻入,此為(wei)唐初未脫魏(wei)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)及隋(sui)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)的瘦(shou)勁書(shu)風所(suo)特(te)有的筆(bi)(bi)法特(te)點(dian)(dian)。楊士奇(qi)云(yun):“詢(xun)書(shu)骨氣勁峭,法度(du)嚴(yan)(yan)整(zheng)(zheng),論者謂虞(世南(nan))得晉(jin)之(zhi)飄遺,歐(陽(yang)詢(xun))得晉(jin)之(zhi)嚴(yan)(yan)整(zheng)(zheng)。觀《皇(huang)(huang)甫(fu)(fu)誕碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》其振(zhen)發動蕩(dang),豈非(fei)逸哉?非(fei)所(suo)謂不(bu)逾矩者乎?”翁方綱說:“是(shi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)由隸成楷,因(yin)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)絕(jue)而恰得方正,乃(nai)率更行筆(bi)(bi)最見神采(cai),未遽藏鋒,是(shi)學(xue)唐楷第一(yi)必由之(zhi)路也(ye)。”此碑(bei)(bei)(bei)用筆(bi)(bi)研潤(run),雖為(wei)歐陽(yang)詢(xun)早(zao)年作品,但已具備(bei)了“歐體”嚴(yan)(yan)整(zheng)(zheng)、險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)絕(jue)的基本特(te)點(dian)(dian)。明(ming)王(wang)世貞云(yun):“率更書(shu)皇(huang)(huang)甫(fu)(fu)府(fu)君碑(bei)(bei)(bei),比之(zhi)諸貼尤為(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)勁。是(shi)伊家蘭臺(歐陽(yang)通)發源。”楊賓(bin)在《大瓢(piao)偶筆(bi)(bi)》中說:“信本碑(bei)(bei)(bei)版方嚴(yan)(yan)莫過(guo)于(yu)《邕(yong)禪(chan)師(shi)》,秀勁莫過(guo)于(yu)《醴泉銘》,險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)峭莫過(guo)于(yu)《皇(huang)(huang)甫(fu)(fu)誕碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》,而險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)絕(jue)尤為(wei)難,此《皇(huang)(huang)甫(fu)(fu)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》所(suo)以貴(gui)也(ye)。”
《皇甫誕碑》,于志寧(ning)制(zhi),歐陽詢書,唐刻,宋拓,裝(zhuang)裱成冊,共32頁(ye),每頁(ye)縱30.2cm,橫16.4cm。
有張祖翼、朱翼盦(an)等題簽,鈐(qian)有“翼盦(an)鑒(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)”、“盧江劉(liu)健之(zhi)(zhi)鑒(jian)藏石墨(mo)”等印4方。為“參綜機務(wu)”之(zhi)(zhi)“務(wu)”字未(wei)損(sun)本。
此(ci)碑(bei)文(wen)(wen)28行,行59字(zi)(zi)。篆額陽(yang)文(wen)(wen)12字(zi)(zi)。碑(bei)文(wen)(wen)內無年(nian)(nian)月,據前人考之,為高(gao)祖(zu)武德時(shi)立(li),又謂(wei)貞觀初立(li),宋(song)(song)時(shi)尚在咸寧鳴(ming)犢鎮。碑(bei)陰有宋(song)(song)皇祐三年(nian)(nian)(1051年(nian)(nian))刻“復唯(wei)識廨院記(ji)”。碑(bei)側原(yuan)刻花紋,宋(song)(song)時(shi)右側已刻題名。以后移至(zhi)西安府(fu)學文(wen)(wen)廟。明(ming)萬歷十(shi)六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(1588年(nian)(nian))余(yu)君房(fang)督學作亭(ting)覆之,至(zhi)二(er)十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)亭(ting)圮,此(ci)碑(bei)中斷,損數(shu)十(shi)字(zi)(zi)。現藏西安碑(bei)林博物館。
此碑(bei)書法用筆、結體及字(zi)形具有北(bei)齊風格,骨氣勁峭,法度(du)嚴整(zheng)。明(ming)王(wang)世(shi)貞(zhen)說:“率更書《皇甫(fu)君碑(bei)》,比(bi)之(zhi)諸碑(bei)尤為險勁。是(shi)伊(yi)家蘭(lan)(lan)臺發源,然蘭(lan)(lan)臺《道因(yin)碑(bei)》,筆筆帶批(隸法),得之(zhi)家學也(ye)。”
宋趙明誠《金(jin)石錄》,清孫(sun)承澤《庚子銷夏記(ji)》、朱楓《雍州金(jin)石記(ji)》等書(shu)著(zhu)錄。