歷史沿革
明(ming)(ming)洪(hong)武初(chu)(約(yue)(yue)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1377年(nian)(nian))國(guo)師(shi)寶曇奉旨來(lai)(lai)山(shan)(shan)重(zhong)修(xiu)寺(si)院(yuan),時見板(ban)屋一(yi)椽,因山(shan)(shan)高(gao)風大(da)(da),云(yun)南總(zong)兵祁(qi)三(san)升(sheng)捐資,遂將之(zhi)覆(fu)為(wei)鐵(tie)瓦(wa),俗稱(cheng)鐵(tie)瓦(wa)殿(dian)(dian)(今703電(dian)視臺(tai)(tai)處(chu)),按(an)察趙良(liang)壁增修(xiu),后(hou)被(bei)(bei)火焚。明(ming)(ming)代(dai)萬(wan)歷(li)(li)辛丑(chou)29年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1601年(nian)(nian)),妙峰(山(shan)(shan)西五(wu)(wu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)僧)、惟密(mi)禪師(shi)來(lai)(lai)峨(e)禮行(xing)普賢(xian),發(fa)(fa)愿鑄(zhu)三(san)大(da)(da)士滲金像以(yi)(yi)銅殿(dian)(dian)覆(fu)之(zhi)名山(shan)(shan),即募(mu)西蜀藩王潞(lu)安沈王朱模攜得黃金數千(qian)兩,送(song)往(wang)湖北荊(jing)州(zhou)監(jian)制,鑄(zhu)于明(ming)(ming)萬(wan)歷(li)(li)壬寅(公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1602年(nian)(nian)),歷(li)(li)經數載,先后(hou)鑄(zhu)造銅殿(dian)(dian)三(san)處(chu):一(yi)在(zai)峨(e)眉山(shan)(shan),二在(zai)五(wu)(wu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan),三(san)在(zai)普陀(tuo)山(shan)(shan)。明(ming)(ming)萬(wan)歷(li)(li)乙卯(公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1615年(nian)(nian))秋天運至(zhi)峨(e)眉組裝(zhuang),在(zai)大(da)(da)峨(e)山(shan)(shan)鐵(tie)瓦(wa)殿(dian)(dian)后(hou)的(de)最(zui)高(gao)處(chu),做成(cheng)了普賢(xian)愿王銅殿(dian)(dian),銅殿(dian)(dian)通(tong)高(gao)二丈五(wu)(wu)尺,寬一(yi)丈四尺四,深一(yi)丈三(san)尺五(wu)(wu)。銅殿(dian)(dian)上部為(wei)重(zhong)檐雕甍,環以(yi)(yi)繡欞瑣窗,殿(dian)(dian)中祀(si)大(da)(da)士銅像,傍繞(rao)萬(wan)佛(fo)(fo),門(men)(men)枋空處(chu)雕畫,云(yun)棧(zhan)劍(jian)閣之(zhi)險,頂(ding)(ding)(ding)部通(tong)體敷金,巍峨(e)浩(hao)漾(yang),迢耀天地,故稱(cheng)“金殿(dian)(dian)”或曰“金頂(ding)(ding)(ding)”,明(ming)(ming)神宗朱翊鈞御題橫額稱(cheng)“永(yong)明(ming)(ming)華藏寺(si)”。清光緒(xu)16年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1890年(nian)(nian))該(gai)殿(dian)(dian)毀(hui)于一(yi)炬,光緒(xu)18年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1892年(nian)(nian))寺(si)僧心(xin)啟、月(yue)照和(he)尚新(xin)建約(yue)(yue)180平方米的(de)磚木構(gou)造的(de)殿(dian)(dian)堂,銅碑、銅門(men)(men)等(deng)法器置(zhi)其(qi)中,殿(dian)(dian)脊之(zhi)上置(zhi)以(yi)(yi)滲金寶頂(ding)(ding)(ding),仍不(bu)失(shi)“金頂(ding)(ding)(ding)”之(zhi)莊嚴。民國(guo)12年(nian)(nian)和(he)20年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1923、1931年(nian)(nian))又兩次失(shi)火后(hou)重(zhong)建。1953年(nian)(nian)人民政府拔專款對(dui)華藏寺(si)進(jin)行(xing)維修(xiu),“文革”(1970年(nian)(nian))中被(bei)(bei)“703電(dian)視臺(tai)(tai)”占用(yong),作為(wei)微波發(fa)(fa)射(she)機(ji)房,1972年(nian)(nian)4月(yue)8日上午9時30分,因該(gai)臺(tai)(tai)工作人員在(zai)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)中操(cao)作不(bu)慎(shen),引起火災,迅速(su)燎原,大(da)(da)火肆(si)虐二日,使(shi)龐大(da)(da)的(de)華藏寺(si)木結構(gou)寺(si)院(yuan)蕩然無存,大(da)(da)量(liang)珍貴(gui)佛(fo)(fo)教文物損(sun)失(shi)殆(dai)盡,成(cheng)片(pian)冷杉及草(cao)甸(dian)被(bei)(bei)毀(hui)。清光緒(xu)16年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1890年(nian)(nian))至(zhi)1972年(nian)(nian),華藏寺(si)歷(li)(li)經幾(ji)次大(da)(da)火,目(mu)前僅幸存明(ming)(ming)代(dai)“銅碑”、“銅門(men)(men)”和(he)清代(dai)“銅象”,是(shi)峨(e)眉山(shan)(shan)難得的(de)佛(fo)(fo)教珍貴(gui)文物。
2002年,為(wei)了響應四(si)川省人(ren)民政府提出,把峨(e)(e)眉山(shan)建設成“中國(guo)第一(yi)山(shan)”的(de)號召,重新規(gui)劃(hua)制定了“恢(hui)復華藏寺(si)改造(zao)工(gong)程”的(de)方案。本著宏揚(yang)峨(e)(e)眉山(shan)佛教(jiao),挖(wa)掘(jue)歷史文化(hua)遺存(cun),振興(xing)旅游的(de)原則,做好科學(xue)規(gui)劃(hua),創建以人(ren)為(wei)本的(de)和諧社會。搬遷“703電(dian)視(shi)臺”,拆除原華藏寺(si)前部,整(zheng)治環境(jing),由(you)峨(e)(e)眉山(shan)佛教(jiao)協會具體承擔(dan),擬(ni)建高約48米(含法臺須彌座)的(de)“十方普賢”銅像(xiang),以恢(hui)復華藏寺(si)(金頂)昔日之莊嚴。建設工(gong)程已于2004年八月動工(gong),2005年底竣工(gong),配(pei)套設施數年完(wan)成。
景點
三重殿堂
銅殿及華藏寺皆毀于火(huo)。新(xin)建的金頂華藏寺依(yi)山(shan)勢而建,中軸線上(shang)由低到高(gao)分布著三重殿堂。
第一殿(dian)是(shi)彌勒(le)殿(dian)。殿(dian)門上(shang)懸掛著(zhu)趙樸初先生(sheng)題(ti)寫(xie)的“華藏寺”金(jin)匾。寺內(nei)供奉銅(tong)鑄(zhu)彌勒(le)佛像(xiang),背后是(shi)韋馱銅(tong)像(xiang)。殿(dian)內(nei)還有三足銅(tong)鼎(ding)和明萬歷年間銅(tong)碑等文物(wu)。
第(di)二殿(dian)是大雄寶殿(dian)。殿(dian)中供奉著銅(tong)質金身(shen)的三身(shen)佛,坐(zuo)高3米(mi)。殿(dian)內還有銅(tong)磐、銅(tong)鐘等(deng)法器以及銅(tong)鑄(zhu)像、銅(tong)普(pu)賢像等(deng)佛教文物。
第三(san)殿(dian)(dian)是(shi)普賢(xian)殿(dian)(dian),即金殿(dian)(dian)、金頂,是(shi)峨眉(mei)山最高的殿(dian)(dian)堂。殿(dian)(dian)門的匾(bian)額(e)有“金頂”、“行(xing)愿無盡”、“普賢(xian)愿海”、“華(hua)藏(zang)莊嚴(yan)”等(deng),為(wei)趙樸初、本換(huan)、明腸等(deng)題寫(xie)。殿(dian)(dian)內供(gong)奉普賢(xian)騎象(xiang)(xiang)銅像(xiang),普賢(xian)端坐在蓮(lian)花臺(tai)(tai)上,手執如意(yi),蓮(lian)臺(tai)(tai)置(zhi)象(xiang)(xiang)背上,白象(xiang)(xiang)腳踏四朵蓮(lian)花。整個造像(xiang)通體銅鑄,通高4.5米(mi)。殿(dian)(dian)內還有銅鼎(ding)等(deng)物。
旅游攻略
1.早上7點(dian)(dian)(首班車)從新(xin)南門車站(zhan)(zhan)出(chu)發,終(zhong)點(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)是峨眉山客(ke)運(yun)站(zhan)(zhan),轉公交車,大約10點(dian)(dian)可以直達報國寺車站(zhan)(zhan),再開10分鐘不到就(jiu)是終(zhong)點(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)伏虎寺了(le);
2.伏(fu)虎寺(si)、五顯崗、萬(wan)年(nian)寺(si)、雷(lei)洞坪都有檢(jian)票口,在入口會有攝像頭拍(pai)照(zhao)的(de);
3.報國(guo)寺、五顯崗(gang)、萬年寺、雷洞(dong)坪都有車站,可(ke)以乘車到達(da);
4.報國寺車(che)站離開報國寺步行約10分鐘;
5.五顯崗車站離開清音閣(ge)步(bu)行約30分鐘;
6.萬年(nian)寺車站,有(you)索道直達萬年(nian)寺;也可以徒步登(deng)山,大(da)約1個小時不到;
7.雷洞(dong)坪到接引殿步行大(da)概15-20分(fen)鐘;
8.接引(yin)殿處有金頂(ding)索(suo)道下站;
9.金頂索道上(shang)站出(chu)口(kou)就是金頂;
10.要到(dao)生態猴(hou)區,最(zui)好到(dao)五顯崗(gang),步(bu)行約1個(ge)多小時可以到(dao)達,基本都是平路;
11.徒(tu)步登山,第一天建(jian)議住在仙峰寺;第二(er)天可以住太(tai)子坪或者金頂;
12.離開(kai)峨眉山(shan)的(de)汽車,不(bu)管是到(dao)成都還是樂山(shan)的(de),末班車都是晚(wan)上18:00。