腦部(bu)囊(nang)腫(zhong)是(shi)怎么形成的 腦部(bu)囊(nang)腫(zhong)要(yao)注意什么

定義

腦囊腫是(shi)指腦組織與其附屬物形(xing)成水(shui)囊性(xing)腫物，并產生不(bu)同程(cheng)度(du)的腦壓癥(zheng)狀的病癥(zheng)。

腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)屬良性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)水性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)贅(zhui)物，因其(qi)體積(ji)龐大(da)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)對(dui)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)壓迫，形(xing)(xing)成腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)的(de)(de)占(zhan)位(wei)(wei)病(bing)變之一。在占(zhan)位(wei)(wei)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)病(bing)變形(xing)(xing)成期(qi)，腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)組織受到囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)體積(ji)脹大(da)壓迫，產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)系列性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)壓迫性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)癥(zheng)狀。其(qi)中(zhong)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)眼(yan)瞼下垂(chui)形(xing)(xing)成的(de)(de)眼(yan)裂變小(xiao)(xiao)、麻痹性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)內(nei)斜(xie)視、肢體功能障(zhang)礙等(deng)頗為常見(jian)。腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)一般(ban)指(zhi)蛛網膜(mo)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)。屬良性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)病(bing)變，一般(ban)無癥(zheng)狀。“CT檢(jian)查為2X2cm腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)”，屬小(xiao)(xiao)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)，一般(ban)藥物只能對(dui)癥(zheng)治(zhi)療(liao)，不(bu)(bu)能消(xiao)除囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)。建議先對(dui)癥(zheng)治(zhi)療(liao)觀察(cha)一階段，可(ke)(ke)定期(qi)復查對(dui)比。囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)較大(da)或癥(zheng)狀較重時可(ke)(ke)手術(shu)切除。腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)會影(ying)響孩子的(de)(de)智(zhi)力嗎 人腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)內(nei)有腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)室(shi)系統，腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)室(shi)腔(qiang)的(de)(de)一層(ceng)內(nei)膜(mo)稱為室(shi)管(guan)膜(mo)，在此膜(mo)下發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)就是室(shi)管(guan)膜(mo)下囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)，它的(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)率在新(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)兒中(zhong)并不(bu)(bu)低(di)。 經研究證實，絕(jue)大(da)多(duo)數室(shi)管(guan)膜(mo)下囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)患兒可(ke)(ke)無任(ren)何癥(zheng)狀，其(qi)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)為單個，在小(xiao)(xiao)孩出生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后(hou)3個月(yue)內(nei)一般(ban)可(ke)(ke)自行吸收(shou)。這些孩子在生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后(hou)6個月(yue)內(nei)，智(zhi)力發(fa)育、身長、體重和(he)頭(tou)圍等(deng)指(zhi)標稍落后(hou)于正(zheng)常兒童，但(dan)在1歲(sui)左右可(ke)(ke)以(yi)基本趕上(shang)。僅(jin)少數新(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)兒因伴(ban)有不(bu)(bu)同程度的(de)(de)先天(tian)畸形(xing)(xing)，吸收(shou)時間可(ke)(ke)延遲(chi)到出生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后(hou)6－9個月(yue)，其(qi)智(zhi)能和(he)體格發(fa)育呈(cheng)明顯落后(hou)。 所以(yi)大(da)部分囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)患兒的(de)(de)預后(hou)較好，但(dan)父母(mu)們也(ye)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)因此掉(diao)以(yi)輕心，而(er)應該積(ji)極配合醫(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，定期(qi)帶(dai)孩子去醫(yi)(yi)院(yuan)做頭(tou)顱B超隨訪。

治療和預后

腦(nao)囊(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)般指蛛網(wang)膜囊(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)、皮樣囊(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)和上皮樣囊(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong).均(jun)屬(shu)良性病變，一(yi)般無(wu)癥(zheng)狀，也可有(you)頭疼等癥(zheng)狀.“CT檢查(cha)為2X2腦(nao)囊(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)”，屬(shu)小囊(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)，一(yi)般藥(yao)物只(zhi)能對(dui)癥(zheng)治(zhi)療(liao)，不能消(xiao)除(chu)囊(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong).建(jian)議先對(dui)癥(zheng)治(zhi)療(liao)觀(guan)察一(yi)階段，可定期(qi)復(fu)查(cha)對(dui)比.囊(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)較大或(huo)癥(zheng)狀較重時可手術切除(chu).

如果腦內有囊腫導致(zhi)頭痛劇烈是由于顱壓增高。建議先降壓利尿常用藥物象硝普(pu)鈉，呋塞米。