一、電動三輪車充電指南

1．新車的初次充電方法

新車最(zui)好先充(chong)電(dian)(dian)后使(shi)用。方法是把充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流調至14A以(yi)內，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)l5h以(yi)上(shang)。前5～l0次充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時間盡量長些，這樣能使(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)極板上(shang)滲透性(xing)物(wu)質充(chong)分反應(ying)，有利(li)于提(ti)高整車行(xing)駛里程和(he)延長蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的使(shi)用壽命。

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2．是否每天都需要充電

按用(yong)戶的使用(yong)習慣，一般白天使用(yong)，晚上(shang)回家充電(dian)。電(dian)動三輪(lun)車充足電(dian)可行駛80～120km，蓄(xu)電(dian)池的設計壽(shou)命(ming)為充、放電(dian)700次以上(shang)(兩年)。

(1)如果行駛里(li)程夠用(yong)，建議每(mei)天只充(chong)電一次(ci)。

(2)如果不夠用中午可補充充電一次。

(3)虧電狀態(tai)要(yao)(yao)充(chong)8h以上(shang)，如(ru)果電沒(mei)有用完(夏天行(xing)駛50km以內，冬天行(xing)駛30km以內)，視實際行(xing)駛里程可縮短充(chong)電時間(jian)，經驗證明一般行(xing)駛1h或(huo)20km，要(yao)(yao)充(chong)電2h。

(4)如(ru)果每(mei)天行(xing)駛10km以內，可2天充一次(ci)電，每(mei)次(ci)充電時間2h以上，長期這樣使(shi)用，每(mei)隔10天左右(you)要(yao)進行(xing)一次(ci)深充電(10h以上)。

3．充電器

充(chong)電(dian)器在充(chong)完電(dian)后(hou)應及時(shi)清(qing)理機器內散熱風(feng)扇上的灰塵，這樣對(dui)延(yan)長充(chong)電(dian)器的使(shi)用(yong)壽命至關重要。

二、電動車蓄電池的使用和保養

鉛酸蓄電(dian)池是(shi)(shi)(shi)現在電(dian)動車主要(yao)采用(yong)的(de)電(dian)池，蓄電(dian)池不是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)壞(huai)的(de)而是(shi)(shi)(shi)充壞(huai)的(de)，決非危言聳聽(ting)，蓄電(dian)池充電(dian)性能(neng)好壞(huai)對蓄電(dian)池的(de)使用(yong)壽命(ming)和使用(yong)性能(neng)起著(zhu)舉足輕(qing)重(zhong)的(de)作用(yong)，必(bi)須重(zhong)視(shi)。

1、蓄電池的放電深度對蓄電池循環使用壽命影響很大，這是因為放電深度越深，電極膨脹收縮量越大，正極的活性物質脫落越多，從而失去放電特性，性能下降，直至壽命終止。所以蓄電池使用時應盡(jin)量(liang)避免(mian)深(shen)度放(fang)電，做(zuo)到淺放(fang)勤充，一(yi)般情況(kuang)應做(zuo)到：蓄電池以放(fang)電深(shen)度為50%-70%時充一(yi)次(ci)電最佳。

2、蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)到終止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)后(hou)，繼續放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)（過(guo)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)）會(hui)嚴重損害(hai)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，這是(shi)因(yin)為此時極易(yi)形成(cheng)不可逆硫酸鹽化，從而使充電(dian)(dian)(dian)恢復能(neng)力變(bian)差(cha)，甚至無法修復。所以蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用時應(ying)(ying)防止(zhi)過(guo)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，“欠壓(ya)保護(hu)(hu)”是(shi)有(you)效的(de)措施。“欠壓(ya)保護(hu)(hu)”措施是(shi)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)控(kong)制(zhi)器控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)，但因(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)儀表和指示燈等(deng)耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器不受控(kong)制(zhi)器控(kong)制(zhi)，所以電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)鎖(suo)(suo)一(yi)旦合(he)上(shang)就開始用電(dian)(dian)(dian)，雖然電(dian)(dian)(dian)流小，但若長(chang)時間(jian)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)就會(hui)出(chu)現過(guo)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。因(yin)此，不得長(chang)時間(jian)開鎖(suo)(suo)，不用時應(ying)(ying)立即關(guan)掉。

3、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流應小于(yu)或等于(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池可以接(jie)受的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，否則，過(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)產生的過(guo)剩電(dian)(dian)(dian)流會使電(dian)(dian)(dian)解水液過(guo)快地消耗掉，并產生嚴重的析氣現象，時(shi)間長了將(jiang)使充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)變得十分困(kun)難，所以充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)因盡可能防止過(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。正(zheng)規(gui)廠家(jia)生產的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器可確保不對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池過(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

4、鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池尤其怕虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池放(fang)置3-7天，將有(you)可(ke)能永久損壞(huai)，因(yin)此，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池使(shi)用過后請盡快充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。對(dui)于(yu)長(chang)期不(bu)使(shi)用的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，應(ying)每隔15天左右對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)一次(ci)，以補償(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池存放(fang)時的(de)自(zi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量損失。

5、蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)季節運行(xing)，主要存在(zai)(zai)(zai)過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)問題(ti)。因(yin)此，夏天應盡量降低(di)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度，保(bao)證(zheng)良好(hao)的(de)散熱，防止在(zai)(zai)(zai)烈(lie)日暴曬后即充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，并應遠離(li)熱源。在(zai)(zai)(zai)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)主要存在(zai)(zai)(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)接受能力差(cha)、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)不足造成電(dian)(dian)池(chi)虧電(dian)(dian)的(de)問題(ti)。低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)時應采取保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)防凍(dong)措(cuo)施，特別(bie)是充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時應放在(zai)(zai)(zai)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)暖的(de)環境中，有利于保(bao)證(zheng)充(chong)足電(dian)(dian)，防止不可逆硫酸鹽化(hua)的(de)產(chan)生，延(yan)長蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽命。

6、一般情況下，放電(dian)深度(du)較大的(de)蓄電(dian)池(chi)使用(yong)壽命(ming)在(zai)1年左(zuo)右，放電(dian)深度(du)在(zai)50%-70%的(de)蓄電(dian)池(chi)壽命(ming)在(zai)1年半左(zuo)右。