一、電動三輪車充電指南

1．新車的初次充電方法

新車最好先充電(dian)(dian)后使(shi)(shi)用。方(fang)法(fa)是把充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流調(diao)至14A以內(nei)，充電(dian)(dian)l5h以上(shang)。前(qian)5～l0次(ci)充電(dian)(dian)時間盡量長些(xie)，這樣能使(shi)(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)池極板上(shang)滲透性物質充分反應，有利于提高整車行駛里程(cheng)和(he)延長蓄電(dian)(dian)池的使(shi)(shi)用壽命。

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2．是否每天都需要充電

按(an)用戶的(de)(de)使(shi)用習慣，一般白天(tian)使(shi)用，晚(wan)上回家充電(dian)(dian)。電(dian)(dian)動三輪車(che)充足電(dian)(dian)可行(xing)駛80～120km，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)設(she)計壽命(ming)為充、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)700次以上(兩年)。

(1)如果行駛里程夠用，建議每(mei)天只充電一次。

(2)如(ru)果(guo)不夠用(yong)中(zhong)午可補充充電一次。

(3)虧電狀態要(yao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)8h以(yi)上，如果電沒(mei)有用完(夏天行(xing)(xing)駛(shi)50km以(yi)內(nei)，冬天行(xing)(xing)駛(shi)30km以(yi)內(nei))，視(shi)實際行(xing)(xing)駛(shi)里程可縮短充(chong)(chong)(chong)電時(shi)間，經驗證(zheng)明一般行(xing)(xing)駛(shi)1h或20km，要(yao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電2h。

(4)如(ru)果(guo)每(mei)(mei)天(tian)行駛10km以(yi)(yi)內，可(ke)2天(tian)充一(yi)次(ci)電(dian)，每(mei)(mei)次(ci)充電(dian)時間2h以(yi)(yi)上，長期這樣使用，每(mei)(mei)隔10天(tian)左(zuo)右要進行一(yi)次(ci)深充電(dian)(10h以(yi)(yi)上)。

3．充電器

充電(dian)器(qi)在充完電(dian)后應及時清理機器(qi)內散熱風扇上的灰塵，這樣對延長充電(dian)器(qi)的使用壽命至關重(zhong)要。

二、電動車蓄電池的使用和保養

鉛酸蓄電(dian)池(chi)是現在電(dian)動(dong)車(che)主要(yao)采(cai)用(yong)的(de)電(dian)池(chi)，蓄電(dian)池(chi)不(bu)是用(yong)壞的(de)而是充壞的(de)，決非危言聳聽，蓄電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)性能好壞對蓄電(dian)池(chi)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽命和使(shi)用(yong)性能起著舉足輕(qing)重(zhong)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，必須重(zhong)視(shi)。

1、蓄電池的放電深度對蓄電池循環使用壽命影響很大，這是因為放電深度越深，電極膨脹收縮量越大，正極的活性物質脫落越多，從而失去放電特性，性能下降，直至壽命終止。所以蓄電池使用時應盡量避免深度放電(dian)，做到淺放勤充，一(yi)般情況應做到：蓄電(dian)池(chi)以放電(dian)深度為50%-70%時充一(yi)次(ci)電(dian)最佳(jia)。

2、蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)后，繼續放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）會(hui)(hui)嚴重(zhong)損(sun)害蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，這是(shi)因(yin)(yin)為此時極易(yi)形(xing)成不(bu)(bu)可逆硫酸鹽化，從而使充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)恢復能力(li)變差，甚(shen)至無法修復。所以(yi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池使用時應防(fang)止過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，“欠(qian)壓(ya)保(bao)護(hu)”是(shi)有效的措(cuo)施。“欠(qian)壓(ya)保(bao)護(hu)”措(cuo)施是(shi)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車控制器(qi)控制的，但因(yin)(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車儀表(biao)和指示燈等耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)不(bu)(bu)受(shou)控制器(qi)控制，所以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車鎖(suo)一旦合上就(jiu)開始用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，雖然電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流小，但若長(chang)時間放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)出現(xian)過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。因(yin)(yin)此，不(bu)(bu)得長(chang)時間開鎖(suo)，不(bu)(bu)用時應立(li)即(ji)關(guan)掉。

3、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)應小于或等于蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池可(ke)(ke)以(yi)接受的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，否則，過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產生的(de)(de)過(guo)剩電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)會使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解水液過(guo)快地消(xiao)耗掉，并產生嚴重的(de)(de)析(xi)氣現象(xiang)，時(shi)(shi)間長了將使充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變得十(shi)分困難，所以(yi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)因盡(jin)可(ke)(ke)能防止(zhi)過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。正(zheng)規廠家(jia)生產的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器可(ke)(ke)確(que)保(bao)不對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

4、鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)尤(you)其怕虧(kui)電(dian)(dian)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)，虧(kui)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)置(zhi)3-7天，將有可能永久(jiu)損(sun)壞，因(yin)此，蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)使(shi)用過后請盡快充電(dian)(dian)。對于長期(qi)不(bu)使(shi)用的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，應(ying)每(mei)隔15天左右對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)一(yi)次，以補償電(dian)(dian)池(chi)存放(fang)時的自(zi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)損(sun)失(shi)。

5、蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池在高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)季節(jie)運行，主(zhu)要(yao)存(cun)在過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)的(de)問題。因此，夏天(tian)應(ying)(ying)盡量(liang)降低(di)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度，保證(zheng)良(liang)好的(de)散熱，防止在烈日暴曬后即充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，并應(ying)(ying)遠離熱源。在低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)情況下，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)主(zhu)要(yao)存(cun)在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)接受能(neng)力(li)差、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)不(bu)足造成電(dian)池虧(kui)電(dian)的(de)問題。低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)時(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)采取保溫(wen)(wen)(wen)防凍措施，特別是充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)放在溫(wen)(wen)(wen)暖的(de)環(huan)境中，有利(li)于保證(zheng)充(chong)(chong)足電(dian)，防止不(bu)可逆(ni)硫酸鹽(yan)化的(de)產生，延長蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池的(de)使用壽(shou)命(ming)。

6、一般(ban)情況下，放電(dian)深(shen)度(du)較大的蓄電(dian)池使(shi)用壽命(ming)在(zai)(zai)1年左(zuo)右，放電(dian)深(shen)度(du)在(zai)(zai)50%-70%的蓄電(dian)池壽命(ming)在(zai)(zai)1年半左(zuo)右。