【汽車蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)】汽車蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)怎么充(chong)電(dian) 汽車蓄電池充電時間

電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)比(bi)重降(jiang)至1.2以下(xia)；冬(dong)季(ji)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)超過(guo)(guo)25%；夏季(ji)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)超過(guo)(guo)50%；燈(deng)光暗(an)淡；啟動無力時應進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。有的車主(zhu)認為，快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)可以節省時間，只需要3-5個小時。其(qi)實不(bu)然，快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)只是迅速把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)表面激(ji)活，而實際上(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內(nei)部(bu)是沒有 完全充(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)的。

除了快速充電之外，還有一種為慢充電，充電時間為10-15個小時，那些深虧電池就必須進行慢充電，否則充電時間不夠，充電量不足 ，會直接影響到汽車的(de)行(xing)駛(shi)性能(neng)。雖說(shuo)充(chong)電是(shi)個(ge)相當簡單(dan)的(de)操作(zuo)，但也有一些注(zhu)意事項(xiang)：

向鉛酸電(dian)池充電(dian)時，要穿上保護(hu)衣。

充電時，蓄電池附近(jin)不(bu)能(neng)有火花，禁止(zhi)抽(chou)煙。

對一個或對多個蓄電(dian)池并(bing)聯充電(dian)時，充電(dian)器電(dian)壓不要超過16V。

一、汽車蓄電池怎么充電

當今(jin)汽(qi)車(che)上(shang)的(de)電動(dong)設備越來越多，車(che)主(zhu)在使用(yong)這(zhe)些電動(dong)設備時，盡量不要讓蓄電池超負荷(he)工作。蓄電池的(de)超負荷(he)工作會減少蓄電池的(de)壽命(ming)。掌握正確(que)的(de)蓄電池充(chong)電方法很重要。

首先將電(dian)池(chi)(chi)正極接電(dian)源正極，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)負(fu)極接電(dian)源負(fu)極。

初充電(dian)(dian)(dian)爭兩(liang)個階段進行(xing)：首先用初充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流充到電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液放出氣(qi)泡，單(dan)格電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓升(sheng)到2.3~2.4V為止。然后將電(dian)(dian)(dian)流降為1/2初充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，繼續充到電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液放出劇烈(lie)的氣(qi)泡，比征(zheng)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓連續3h穩定(ding)不(bu)變(bian)為止。全(quan)部充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)約為45~65h。

充(chong)電(dian)過程中應(ying)常測量(liang)電(dian)解(jie)液溫度(du)用(yong)電(dian)流(liu)減半、停(ting)止充(chong)電(dian)或冷卻的方法，將溫度(du)控制在35~40℃，初充(chong)電(dian)完畢時，若(ruo)電(dian)解(jie)液比重(zhong)不合規定，應(ying)用(yong)蒸餾水或比重(zhong)為(wei)1.4的電(dian)解(jie)液進行(xing)調整(zheng)。調整(zheng)后再充(chong)電(dian)2h，直至(zhi)比重(zhong)符合規定時為(wei)止。

提示:蓄(xu)電(dian)池一般(ban)二、三年(nian)更換(huan)一次。

二、汽車蓄電池充電誤區

1、不進行初充電

蓄電池的首次充電稱為初充電，初充電對蓄電池的使用壽命和電荷容量有很大的影響。若充電不足，則蓄電池電荷容量不高，使用壽命也短;若充電過量(liang)，則蓄電池電氣性能雖然好，但也會縮短它的使用壽命，所以新蓄電池要小心謹慎地進行初充電。對于干荷電鉛蓄電池，按使用說明書，雖然在規定的兩年儲存期內若需使用，只要加入規定密度的電解液擱置15min，不需要充電即可投入使用。但是，如果儲存期超過兩年，由于極板上有部分氧化，為了提高其電荷容量，使用前應進行補充充電，充電5h-8h后再用(yong)。

2、不進行補充充電

有些駕(jia)駛員常忽視(shi)對(dui)在用車(che)(che)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的補充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。由于蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在車(che)(che)上(shang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)(bu)徹(che)底，易造成(cheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板硫化；同時，在使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用中充(chong)、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)是不(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)的，倘若放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)大于充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)長(chang)(chang)期處于虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板就會慢(man)(man)慢(man)(man)硫化。這種慢(man)(man)性硫化，會使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量(liang)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)降低，直(zhi)到起動無(wu)力，大大縮短蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用壽(shou)命。為使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板上(shang)的活(huo)性物質及時得到還原，減少(shao)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板硫化，提高(gao)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量(liang)，延長(chang)(chang)其使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用壽(shou)命，對(dui)在用車(che)(che)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)應定期進行補充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

3、蓄電池過充電

蓄電(dian)(dian)池經常(chang)過(guo)量充電(dian)(dian)，即使充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流不大，但(dan)電(dian)(dian)解液長時(shi)間“沸騰”，除(chu)了活性物質(zhi)(zhi)表面的細小(xiao)顆(ke)粒易于脫落外(wai)，還會使柵(zha)架過(guo)分氧化(hua)，造成活性物質(zhi)(zhi)與柵(zha)架松(song)散(san)剝(bo)離(li)。

4、充電時極性充反

由于蓄電池正負極板材料不同，除了活性物質外，負極板還添加了硫酸鋇、腐殖酸、炭黑和松香等材料，用來防止負極板收縮和氧化。另外，每個單格蓄電池的負極板數又總是比正極板數多一片，而且負極板比正極板略薄。當進行蓄電池的初充電或補充充電時，若不注意極性，會使蓄電池充反，使正、負極幾乎都變成粗晶粒的PbSO4，造(zao)成蓄電池電荷容(rong)量不足(zu)，不能正常工作，甚(shen)至(zhi)導致(zhi)蓄電池報(bao)廢。因(yin)此，充電時一定要注意極性，切不可(ke)極性充反(fan)。