1、充電樁充電原理

充電樁固定在地面，利用專用充電接口，采用傳導方式，為具有車載充電機的電動汽車提供交流電能，具有相應的通訊、計費和安全防護功能。市民只需要購買IC卡并(bing)充值，就可(ke)以使用充電樁為汽車充電了。

電動汽車蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，用直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)按與(yu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)相(xiang)反的方向通過蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，使它恢復工作能力，這個(ge)過程(cheng)稱為蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)正極(ji)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)正極(ji)相(xiang)聯，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)負極(ji)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)負極(ji)相(xiang)聯，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓必須(xu)高(gao)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢。

2、充電樁充電方式

充電(dian)(dian)方式有恒電(dian)(dian)流充電(dian)(dian)和恒電(dian)(dian)壓充電(dian)(dian)兩種。

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恒流充電法

恒流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法是用調整充(chong)電(dian)(dian)裝置輸出電(dian)(dian)壓或改變與蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)串聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)阻的(de)方法，保持充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)強度不變的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方法。控制方法簡單(dan)，但(dan)由于電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)可接受電(dian)(dian)流(liu)能力(li)是隨著充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程的(de)進行而逐漸下降的(de)，到充(chong)電(dian)(dian)后期(qi)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)多(duo)用于電(dian)(dian)解水(shui)，產生(sheng)氣體，使出氣過甚，因(yin)此，常選用階段充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法。

恒壓充電法

充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓在(zai)全部充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間里保(bao)持恒(heng)定的數值，隨著(zhu)(zhu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的逐漸升高，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)逐漸減少(shao)。與恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法相比，其充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程更接近于(yu)最佳充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線。用恒(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓快(kuai)速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，由于(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初期(qi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢較低(di)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)很(hen)大，隨著(zhu)(zhu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的進行，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)將(jiang)逐漸減少(shao)，因此，只需簡(jian)易控制系(xi)統。

3、直流充電樁和交流充電樁的區別

直流充電樁：直流電動汽車充電站，俗稱就是“快充”，它是固定安裝在電動汽車外，與交流電網連接，可以為非車載電動汽車動力電池提供直流電源的供電裝置。直流充電樁的輸入電壓采用三相四線AC380V±15%，頻率50Hz,輸出為可調直流(liu)電(dian)，直接為電(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)力(li)電(dian)池充電(dian)。由于直流(liu)充電(dian)樁采(cai)用(yong)三(san)相四線制供電(dian)，可以提供足(zu)夠的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)率，輸出的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓和電(dian)流(liu)調整范(fan)圍大，可以實現快充的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求。

交流充電樁：交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁，俗稱(cheng)就是“慢充(chong)”，固定(ding)安(an)裝在電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)外、與交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)連接，為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)車(che)載充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)（即固定(ding)安(an)裝在電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)上的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)）提(ti)供交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的供電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置。交流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁只提(ti)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)輸(shu)出，沒有充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功能，需連接車(che)載充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。相當(dang)于只是起了一個控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的作用的。

兩者的區別：簡單來說，交流充電樁需要借助車載充電機來充電，直流快速充電樁不需要這個設備。二者在充電速度上差別較大，一輛純電動汽車（普通電池容量）完全放電后通過交流充電樁充滿需要8個小時(shi)，而通過直流快(kuai)速充電樁僅需(xu)要2到3個小(xiao)時。交(jiao)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)給電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)力輸入，由于(yu)車(che)載充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的功(gong)率并(bing)不(bu)大，所以不(bu)能實現快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。直流快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)是固定安(an)裝(zhuang)在電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)外、與交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)網(wang)連(lian)接，可以為非車(che)載電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)池提(ti)供(gong)(gong)直流電(dian)(dian)源的供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置，直流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)可以提(ti)供(gong)(gong)足夠的功(gong)率，輸出的電(dian)(dian)壓和電(dian)(dian)流調整(zheng)范圍大，可以實現快充(chong)的要求。