什(shen)么是(shi)商(shang)標優先(xian)使用權 哪些條件下擁(yong)有商(shang)標優先(xian)使用權

商標使(shi)用權并(bing)不是我們設計了(le)注(zhu)冊以(yi)后就可以(yi)隨意用的，因為(wei)有(you)些商(shang)標(biao)注(zhu)冊后可能與(yu)其他商(shang)標(biao)相似或者相類同(tong)等等情況下你是不能用的，所以(yi)，在哪些條件下有(you)商(shang)標(biao)優先使(shi)用權，主(zhu)要有(you)以(yi)下幾點(dian)。

一、在他人注冊商標的申請日之前，就已經有使用的事實

這是對使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)的(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)間的(de)要求，如果不具(ju)備這一條(tiao)件(jian)，就沒有(you)“在(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)”，也無法產生(sheng)在(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權，并以此作為(wei)侵害(hai)商標(biao)權的(de)抗辯事由。需要注意的(de)是，使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不僅限于(yu)現(xian)有(you)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)的(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，如果曾經發生(sheng)過(guo)業(ye)務承繼關(guan)系(xi)的(de)，現(xian)有(you)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)作為(wei)承繼人(ren)的(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)當然可(ke)以作為(wei)本條(tiao)件(jian)中的(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。被承繼人(ren)先(xian)前(qian)的(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)應當視(shi)為(wei)現(xian)有(you)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)的(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。換言(yan)之(zhi)，在(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)商標(biao)的(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)間以該商標(biao)首次商業(ye)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)時(shi)間為(wei)準(zhun)。

二、在先使用的商標與注冊商標相同或者近似，且使用商品或服務相同或者類似

在通常情形下，如果在先使用的商標與注冊商標在(zai)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)圖樣上不構成相同或(huo)者(zhe)近似(si)(si)(si)，或(huo)者(zhe)使(shi)用(yong)商(shang)品(pin)不屬于相同或(huo)者(zhe)類似(si)(si)(si)商(shang)品(pin)，則(ze)使(shi)用(yong)人當(dang)然有權繼(ji)續使(shi)用(yong)甚至申請(qing)注(zhu)冊(ce)該商(shang)標(biao)(biao)。如果在(zai)先使(shi)用(yong)的商(shang)標(biao)(biao)與注(zhu)冊(ce)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)構成使(shi)用(yong)在(zai)相同或(huo)類似(si)(si)(si)商(shang)品(pin)上的近似(si)(si)(si)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)，依照我國《商(shang)標(biao)(biao)法(fa)》有關申請(qing)在(zai)先和(he)注(zhu)冊(ce)原則(ze)的一般規(gui)定，則(ze)未注(zhu)冊(ce)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)不得繼(ji)續使(shi)用(yong)，否則(ze)會構成對注(zhu)冊(ce)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)權的侵害。但(dan)法(fa)律應當(dang)維護(hu)誠信(xin)，而(er)不應當(dang)禁(jin)止或(huo)者(zhe)制(zhi)裁正當(dang)使(shi)用(yong)行為，因此(ci)有必要在(zai)上述原則(ze)下(xia)創設例外之規(gui)定即商(shang)標(biao)(biao)在(zai)先使(shi)用(yong)權。

三、在先使用人必須在其商品上連續使用該商標

所(suo)謂(wei)連(lian)(lian)(lian)續使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，就是(shi)指在(zai)(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人在(zai)(zai)(zai)其商(shang)品上連(lian)(lian)(lian)續不中(zhong)(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)地使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)該(gai)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)。如(ru)果在(zai)(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人在(zai)(zai)(zai)他(ta)人注(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)申請日之前曾(ceng)有(you)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)事實，但無正(zheng)當理由而中(zhong)(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)，不得(de)繼續使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)該(gai)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)。理由在(zai)(zai)(zai)于：第一，商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權作為(wei)(wei)注(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)原(yuan)則的(de)(de)(de)例(li)外，是(shi)為(wei)(wei)了保(bao)護(hu)(hu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人的(de)(de)(de)利益，如(ru)果在(zai)(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)已經中(zhong)(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)，其就該(gai)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)不再享(xiang)有(you)任何利益，自無保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)必要(yao)。第二，如(ru)果只是(shi)曾(ceng)有(you)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)事實，在(zai)(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人在(zai)(zai)(zai)他(ta)人商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)注(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)后(hou)仍可(ke)以重(zhong)新(xin)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，將會從根本上動搖商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)注(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)制度，不利于保(bao)護(hu)(hu)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)注(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)人的(de)(de)(de)利益。第三，在(zai)(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)后(hou)允許重(zhong)新(xin)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，不利于維(wei)護(hu)(hu)正(zheng)常的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)平競爭(zheng)關系和維(wei)護(hu)(hu)消費者的(de)(de)(de)利益。所(suo)謂(wei)正(zheng)當理由，是(shi)指非因(yin)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人主觀上的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因(yin)中(zhong)(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。若有(you)正(zheng)當理由中(zhong)(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)，不視為(wei)(wei)缺乏(fa)連(lian)(lian)(lian)續使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)這一條件。如(ru)在(zai)(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)所(suo)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)品為(wei)(wei)季節性造成商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)中(zhong)(zhong)止(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。

四、在先使用必須出于善意

民(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)上的(de)(de)(de)善意(yi)(yi)(yi)，通常是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)非(fei)因(yin)自己的(de)(de)(de)過失(shi)而(er)(er)不知(zhi)情。日本舊《商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》也規(gui)定在(zai)(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)必須為(wei)善意(yi)(yi)(yi)，判例和一般觀(guan)點將此(ci)理(li)解為(wei)“無進行(xing)不正當(dang)(dang)競爭的(de)(de)(de)惡意(yi)(yi)(yi)”，日本現行(xing)《商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》采納了(le)這一觀(guan)點，在(zai)(zai)(zai)立法(fa)(fa)(fa)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)語的(de)(de)(de)選擇上以“非(fei)以不正當(dang)(dang)競爭為(wei)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)”取代了(le)“善意(yi)(yi)(yi)”。英(ying)國有(you)判例認為(wei)，善意(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)被告(gao)的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為(wei)沒(mei)有(you)任(ren)何欺(qi)騙的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)(yi)圖，也沒(mei)有(you)任(ren)何借用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)他(ta)人(ren)(ren)已取得的(de)(de)(de)良好信譽的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)(yi)圖。由于(yu)(yu)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)注(zhu)冊實(shi)行(xing)自愿(yuan)原(yuan)則(ze)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)提出(chu)(chu)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)注(zhu)冊申(shen)請之(zhi)前，他(ta)人(ren)(ren)就可能(neng)已經(jing)(jing)實(shi)際使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)。因(yin)此(ci)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)善意(yi)(yi)(yi)，首先(xian)是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)該使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)將某標(biao)(biao)(biao)記作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)非(fei)因(yin)自己的(de)(de)(de)過失(shi)而(er)(er)不知(zhi)道他(ta)人(ren)(ren)已經(jing)(jing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)相同(tong)或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)類(lei)似(si)商(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)上實(shi)際使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)與該標(biao)(biao)(biao)記相同(tong)或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)近似(si)的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)。其次，由于(yu)(yu)注(zhu)冊商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)以其核定使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)服務為(wei)限，當(dang)(dang)該注(zhu)冊商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)構成馳名(ming)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)時(shi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)將與該商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)相同(tong)或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)近似(si)的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)非(fei)類(lei)似(si)商(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)服務上，并產生誤導公眾的(de)(de)(de)后果，則(ze)該在(zai)(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)難謂“出(chu)(chu)于(yu)(yu)善意(yi)(yi)(yi)”。當(dang)(dang)注(zhu)冊商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)圖樣構成著作(zuo)(zuo)權(quan)(quan)(quan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)意(yi)(yi)(yi)義上的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)品(pin)時(shi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)將該圖樣作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)非(fei)類(lei)似(si)商(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)服務上，除非(fei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)能(neng)夠證明(ming)其對(dui)所使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)圖樣享有(you)正當(dang)(dang)權(quan)(quan)(quan)利，否則(ze)也不能(neng)證明(ming)其使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)出(chu)(chu)于(yu)(yu)善意(yi)(yi)(yi)。