手機鋰電池保護板

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)，顧(gu)名思(si)義鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)主要是針對可充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（一般(ban)指鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)）起(qi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)作(zuo)用的集成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路板(ban)(ban)。 鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)（可充型）之所以需要保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)，是由它本身特(te)性決(jue)定的。由于鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)本身的材料決(jue)定了它不(bu)能被(bei)過充、過放、過流(liu)(liu)、短(duan)路及(ji)超高(gao)溫充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，因(yin)此鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)組件總(zong)會(hui)跟著一塊(kuai)帶(dai)采(cai)樣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻的保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)和一片電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)(bao)險器出(chu)現。

定義

鋰(li)電池(chi)的(de)保護(hu)(hu)功能(neng)通常由保護(hu)(hu)電路(lu)(lu)板和PTC或(huo)TCO等電流(liu)器件(jian)協同(tong)完成(cheng)，保護(hu)(hu)板是由電子(zi)電路(lu)(lu)組成(cheng)，在-40℃至+85℃的(de)環境(jing)下(xia)時(shi)刻準確(que)的(de)監視電芯的(de)電壓和充放回路(lu)(lu)的(de)電流(liu)，即時(shi)控制電流(liu)回路(lu)(lu)的(de)通斷(duan)；PTC或(huo)TCO在高溫(wen)環境(jing)下(xia)防止電池(chi)發生(sheng)惡劣的(de)損(sun)壞。

保護(hu)板通常(chang)包(bao)括(kuo)控(kong)制(zhi)IC、MOS開(kai)關、JEPSUN捷比信精密電阻及(ji)輔助器(qi)件NTC、ID存儲器(qi),PCB等(deng)。其中控(kong)制(zhi)IC，在一(yi)切正常(chang)的(de)情況下控(kong)制(zhi)MOS開(kai)關導通，使(shi)電芯與外(wai)電路溝通，而當電芯電壓或回路電流超過(guo)規定值時，它立刻（數十毫秒(miao)）控(kong)制(zhi)MOS開(kai)關關斷，保護(hu)電芯的(de)安全(quan)。

NTC是Negative temperature coefficient的縮寫，意即負溫(wen)度(du)(du)系數，在環境溫(wen)度(du)(du)升高時，其阻值降(jiang)低，使(shi)用(yong)電設(she)備或充電設(she)備及時反應、控制內部中斷而停止(zhi)充放電。

ID存(cun)儲(chu)器(qi)常為單線接口(kou)存(cun)儲(chu)器(qi)，ID是Identification 的縮寫即身份識別的意思，存(cun)儲(chu)電池種類、生(sheng)產日期等信息。可(ke)起(qi)到產品的可(ke)追(zhui)溯和應用的限(xian)制。

PTC是英文(wen)Positive Temperature Coefficient的(de)縮寫，意思(si)是正(zheng)溫(wen)度系數。專業里面(mian)通常把正(zheng)溫(wen)度系數器件簡(jian)稱為(wei)PTC，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)產品(pin)里PTC可以防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)高溫(wen)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)不安(an)全的(de)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)發生(sheng)，根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流密度特性和(he)應用環境，對PTC有專門的(de)要求。

PTC是(shi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組件產品里(li)一個(ge)(ge)非常重(zhong)要的(de)部件，對電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)安全擔負著重(zhong)要使命，它本身(shen)的(de)性能和(he)品質(zhi)(zhi)也是(shi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組性能和(he)品質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)一個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)要因數。

保護板(ban)對(dui)單(dan)(dan)一電(dian)(dian)芯保護時，保護板(ban)設(she)(she)計(ji)會(hui)(hui)相對(dui)簡單(dan)(dan)，技術性(xing)較高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)地方在(zai)于，比(bi)(bi)如對(dui)動力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)保護板(ban)設(she)(she)計(ji)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)注(zhu)意的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)平(ping)臺問題，動力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)使用中往往被要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)很大的(de)(de)平(ping)臺電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，所以(yi)設(she)(she)計(ji)保護板(ban)時盡量使保護板(ban)不影響電(dian)(dian)芯放(fang)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，這(zhe)樣(yang)對(dui)控制IC，精密電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)等(deng)(deng)元件(jian)的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)很高(gao)(gao)，一般國(guo)產(chan)IC能滿(man)足大多數(shu)產(chan)品要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，特殊可以(yi)采用進口產(chan)品，電(dian)(dian)流采樣(yang)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)則(ze)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)使用JEPSUN捷比(bi)(bi)信電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，以(yi)滿(man)足高(gao)(gao)精密度(du)，低(di)溫(wen)度(du)系數(shu)，無感等(deng)(deng)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。對(dui)多電(dian)(dian)芯保護板(ban)設(she)(she)計(ji)，則(ze)有更高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)技術要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，按(an)照(zhao)不同(tong)的(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)，設(she)(she)計(ji)復雜程度(du)各不相同(tong)的(de)(de)產(chan)品。

鋰電池保護板功能

1、過(guo)(guo)充保(bao)護(hu)　2、過(guo)(guo)放保(bao)護(hu)　3、過(guo)(guo)流、短路(lu)保(bao)護(hu)

手機電池啟動保護后的解決方法（來源于網絡）：

1、用(yong)原配的(de)(de)直沖在手機上直接充電，會把電池保(bao)護(hu)板的(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)電路自動沖開。

2、把電(dian)池的正負極(ji)瞬間短路，看到電(dian)極(ji)片上有火花就行了(le)，多試幾(ji)次，然后(hou)再用直充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)。

3、找個5V的(de)直流(liu)電(dian)，用正負極輕(qing)觸電(dian)池的(de)正負極，多試幾次(ci)，再用原充電(dian)器充。

原理

電池保護板工作原理

鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)保護(hu)(hu)板根(gen)據使(shi)用IC,電(dian)壓等不同而電(dian)路及參數有所不同,常用的保護(hu)(hu)IC有8261，DW01+，CS213，GEM5018等，其(qi)中(zhong)精工的8261系(xi)列精度更好，當然(ran)價錢也更貴。后面幾種都(dou)是臺灣(wan)出(chu)的，國內次級市場基本都(dou)用DW01+和CS213了，下(xia)面以DW01+ 配(pei)MOS管8205A（8pin）進行講解：

鋰電池保護板其正常工作過程為：

當電(dian)(dian)芯電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)在2.5V至4.3V之間時(shi)，DW01 的(de)(de)第(di)1腳(jiao)、第(di)3腳(jiao)均(jun)(jun)輸(shu)出高電(dian)(dian)平(等于供(gong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya))，第(di)二腳(jiao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為0V。此(ci)時(shi)DW01 的(de)(de)第(di)1腳(jiao) 、第(di)3腳(jiao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)將分別(bie)加到8205A的(de)(de)第(di)5、4腳(jiao)，8205A內的(de)(de)兩個(ge)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)開關因(yin)其G極接(jie)到來自DW01 的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，故均(jun)(jun)處于導通狀(zhuang)態，即兩個(ge)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)開關均(jun)(jun)處于開狀(zhuang)態。此(ci)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)芯的(de)(de)負極與保護板的(de)(de)P-端相當于直接(jie)連通，保護板有電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)輸(shu)出。

保護板過放電保護控制原理：

當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)通(tong)過外接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)負載(zai)進行放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)將慢慢降(jiang)低，同時DW01 內部將通(tong)過R1電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻實時監測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)下降(jiang)到約(yue)2.3V時DW01 將認(ren)為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)已處于過放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)狀態(tai)，便(bian)立(li)即斷開(kai)第(di)(di)1腳的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，使第(di)(di)1腳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)變(bian)為(wei)(wei)0V，8205A內的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)關(guan)管(guan)因第(di)(di)5腳無電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)而關(guan)閉。此時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)B-與保(bao)護(hu)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)P-之間處于斷開(kai)狀態(tai)。即電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路(lu)被切(qie)斷，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)將停(ting)止放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。保(bao)護(hu)板(ban)處于過放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)并一直保(bao)持(chi)。等到保(bao)護(hu)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)P 與P-間接(jie)上充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)后(hou)，DW01 經B-檢(jian)測到充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)后(hou)便(bian)立(li)即停(ting)止過放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)，重新在第(di)(di)1腳輸(shu)(shu)出高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，使8205A內的(de)(de)(de)過放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制管(guan)導通(tong)，即電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)B-與保(bao)護(hu)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)P-又(you)重新接(jie)上，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)經充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)直接(jie)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

保護板過充電保護控制原理：

當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池通過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)正常(chang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，隨著(zhu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)的(de)(de)增加，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓將(jiang)越(yue)來越(yue)高，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓升高到4.4V時(shi)，DW01 將(jiang)認為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓已處于(yu)過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓狀態(tai)(tai)，便(bian)立即(ji)斷(duan)開第3腳的(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，使第3腳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓變為(wei)0V，8205A內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)開關(guan)管因第4腳無電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓而關(guan)閉。此(ci)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)B-與(yu)保(bao)(bao)護板(ban)的(de)(de)P-之(zhi)間(jian)處于(yu)斷(duan)開狀態(tai)(tai)。即(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路被(bei)切斷(duan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)將(jiang)停(ting)止(zhi)(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。保(bao)(bao)護板(ban)處于(yu)過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)(tai)并一直(zhi)保(bao)(bao)持。等(deng)到保(bao)(bao)護板(ban)的(de)(de)P 與(yu)P-間(jian)接上放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負載后，因此(ci)時(shi)雖然過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制(zhi)開關(guan)管關(guan)閉,但其內(nei)(nei)部的(de)(de)二極管正方向(xiang)與(yu)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路的(de)(de)方向(xiang)相同,故放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路可以進行放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓被(bei)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)到低于(yu)4.3V時(shi)，DW01 停(ting)止(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護狀態(tai)(tai)重新在(zai)第3腳輸出高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，使8205A內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制(zhi)管導通，即(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)B-與(yu)保(bao)(bao)護板(ban)P-又(you)重新接上，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)又(you)能進行正常(chang)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian).

保護板短路保護控制原理：

在保(bao)護板對外放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)過程中，8205A內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)兩個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)并不完(wan)全等效于(yu)(yu)兩個(ge)(ge)機械開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)，而是等效于(yu)(yu)兩個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)很(hen)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，并稱(cheng)為8205A的(de)(de)(de)導通(tong)內(nei)(nei)阻(zu)， 每個(ge)(ge)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)導通(tong)內(nei)(nei)阻(zu)約(yue)為30mU 03a9共約(yue)為60mU 03a9，加在G極(ji)上的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)實際(ji)上是直接控(kong)制每個(ge)(ge)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)管的(de)(de)(de)導通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)小(xiao)當G極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)大(da)于(yu)(yu)1V時(shi)，開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)管的(de)(de)(de)導通(tong)內(nei)(nei)阻(zu)很(hen)小(xiao)(幾十毫(hao)歐)，相(xiang)當于(yu)(yu)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)閉合(he)，當G極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)0.7V以(yi)下時(shi)，開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)管的(de)(de)(de)導通(tong)內(nei)(nei)阻(zu)很(hen)大(da)(幾MΩ)，相(xiang)當于(yu)(yu)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)UA就是8205A的(de)(de)(de)導通(tong)內(nei)(nei)阻(zu)與放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，負(fu)載(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)增大(da)則UA必然增大(da),因UA0.006L×IUA又稱(cheng)為8205A的(de)(de)(de)管壓(ya)(ya)降，UA可(ke)以(yi)簡(jian)接表明放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)小(xiao)。上升(sheng)到(dao)(dao)0.2V時(shi)便認為負(fu)載(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)到(dao)(dao)達(da)了極(ji)限值，于(yu)(yu)是停止(zhi)第1腳(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，使第1腳(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)變為0V、8205A內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制管關(guan)(guan)(guan)閉，切斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯的(de)(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路，將(jiang)關(guan)(guan)(guan)斷(duan)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制管。換(huan)言之DW01 允許輸(shu)出的(de)(de)(de)最大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)是3.3A，實現了過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)保(bao)護。

短路保護控制過程:

短路保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)是(shi)過電(dian)流(liu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)的一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)極限形式(shi)，其控制過程及(ji)原理與過電(dian)流(liu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)，短路只(zhi)是(shi)在相當(dang)于在P P-間加上一(yi)(yi)個阻值小的電(dian)阻(約為0Ω)使保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)板的負載電(dian)流(liu)瞬時達(da)到10A以上，保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)板立即進行過電(dian)流(liu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)。

發展前景

由(you)于近幾(ji)年的動力鋰電池(chi)(chi)的飛速發展，無論是生產工藝還是材(cai)料技術改進上，或價格的優勢，都有相當大(da)的突破，因此(ci)它也為(wei)多并多串打下堅(jian)實的基礎。替代(dai)鉛酸電池(chi)(chi)的時(shi)代(dai)越來越近。無論電動自行車還是后備電源，它的市(shi)場占有率(lv)自然(ran)也開(kai)始(shi)瘋狂擴(kuo)大(da)，這是不(bu)可否(fou)認的事實。那么(me)，為(wei)了電池(chi)(chi)的安全與壽命，鋰電池(chi)(chi)的有效保護自然(ran)也少不(bu)了，此(ci)時(shi)保護板在電池(chi)(chi)包內也是一個非(fei)常核(he)心的部件(jian)之一。

理論(lun)上來(lai)講，動(dong)力(li)多串電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)保(bao)護板已經沒有(you)太多的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子技術(shu)含量了(le)，比(bi)如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路與軟件處理，有(you)太多的(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)。其主要(yao)(yao)是把保(bao)護部分(fen)如何(he)做(zuo)到(dao)穩定，可靠，更安(an)全(quan)(quan)，更實用，當然價格(ge)也(ye)是其中(zhong)之一。想(xiang)要(yao)(yao)真正的(de)(de)(de)想(xiang)把它(ta)做(zuo)好，那是一件非常(chang)復雜細心(xin)而又(you)漫長的(de)(de)(de)輪(lun)回工作。如果要(yao)(yao)按經驗(yan)與技術(shu)值的(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)比(bi)比(bi)值的(de)(de)(de)話，技術(shu)只占(zhan)20% 。經驗(yan)要(yao)(yao)占(zhan)到(dao)80% 。做(zuo)好動(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)保(bao)護板沒有(you)個(ge)(ge)(ge)三(san)五年的(de)(de)(de)經驗(yan)，還是有(you)困難的(de)(de)(de)。當然做(zuo)好與能做(zuo)是兩回事。為什么會有(you)這樣的(de)(de)(de)結論(lun)呢?這是有(you)依據的(de)(de)(de)。說實話，保(bao)護板的(de)(de)(de)方案電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路并(bing)不復雜，只要(yao)(yao)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子行(xing)業(ye)工作了(le)一兩年，設計個(ge)(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路與抄(chao)襲(xi)人家一個(ge)(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路不是什么難事。比(bi)如：多串動(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)他(ta)主要(yao)(yao)是高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，高內(nei)阻工作(微電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu))，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)包工作環境的(de)(de)(de)考(kao)量等等，這都(dou)(dou)牽扯到(dao)多年的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子專業(ye)綜合經驗(yan)。大到(dao)要(yao)(yao)對整個(ge)(ge)(ge)PACK的(de)(de)(de)了(le)解，小到(dao)一個(ge)(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容或晶體管的(de)(de)(de)選型,或是布(bu)板時的(de)(de)(de)注(zhu)意(yi)細節。總的(de)(de)(de)一句話，保(bao)護板主要(yao)(yao)是穩定，可靠，安(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)(zu)，保(bao)證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)正常(chang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)使用或使用得(de)更久(jiu)，其它(ta)添(tian)加(jia)的(de)(de)(de)特有(you)技術(shu)與功能，都(dou)(dou)是浮(fu)云。

主要作用

1.電壓保護：過(guo)充(chong)，過(guo)放，這要(yao)根據(ju)電池的材(cai)料不同而(er)有所改變，這點看似(si)簡(jian)單(dan)，但要(yao)細節(jie)上來(lai)看，還是有經(jing)驗學問的。

過(guo)充(chong)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)，在(zai)我(wo)們以(yi)(yi)(yi)往(wang)的單節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)都會高出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)飽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)50~150mV。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)不一(yi)樣，如(ru)果你(ni)要(yao)想延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命，你(ni)的保(bao)護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)就選擇電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的充(chong)飽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，甚至還(huan)要(yao)比(bi)此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)還(huan)低些(xie)。比(bi)如(ru)錳鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)選擇4.18V~4.2V。因為(wei)它是(shi)(shi)(shi)多串數的，整個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的壽命容量主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)容量最低的那顆電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)準(zhun)，小(xiao)容量的總是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)工作，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)衰(shuai)減加快。而大(da)容量每次都是(shi)(shi)(shi)輕(qing)充(chong)輕(qing)放，自然衰(shuai)減要(yao)慢(man)得多了(le)。為(wei)了(le)讓(rang)小(xiao)容量的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)輕(qing)充(chong)輕(qing)放，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)過(guo)充(chong)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)點不要(yao)選擇太(tai)高。這個(ge)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)延時(shi)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)做到1S,防止脈(mo)沖的影(ying)響從而保(bao)護(hu)(hu)。

過放保護，也是與電池的材料有(you)關，如錳鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池一般選擇(ze)在(zai)2.8V~3.0V。盡量要(yao)比它單(dan)顆電(dian)(dian)(dian)池過放的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)稍高(gao)點。因為，在(zai)國內生產的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低于3.3V后，各顆電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的放電(dian)(dian)(dian)特性完全不一，因此是提前保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，這樣對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的壽命是一個很好(hao)的保(bao)護。

總(zong)的(de)一點就(jiu)是盡(jin)量(liang)讓每(mei)一顆電(dian)池都工作(zuo)在輕充輕放(fang)下工作(zuo)，一定是對電(dian)池的(de)壽命(ming)是一個幫(bang)助(zhu)。

過放保護延滯(zhi)時(shi)間，它要(yao)根據負載的不(bu)同(tong)而有所改變，比如電(dian)動工具類的，他的啟動電(dian)流(liu)一(yi)般都在10C以上(shang)，因此(ci)會(hui)在短時(shi)間內把電(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)壓拉到過放電(dian)壓點從而保護。此(ci)時(shi)無(wu)法(fa)讓電(dian)池(chi)工作。這是值得(de)注意的地方。

2.電流(liu)保(bao)護：它主要體(ti)現在(zai)工作電流(liu)與過(guo)電流(liu)使開關MOS斷(duan)開從而保(bao)護電池組或負載。

MOS管(guan)的(de)(de)損壞主要是(shi)溫度(du)急劇升(sheng)高(gao)，它的(de)(de)發熱也是(shi)電(dian)流的(de)(de)大小(xiao)(xiao)及(ji) 本身的(de)(de)內阻來(lai)(lai)決(jue)定的(de)(de)，當然小(xiao)(xiao)電(dian)流，對MOS沒什么影響，但是(shi)大電(dian)流呢，這個就要好好做些處理了(le)， 在通過額(e)定電(dian)流時，小(xiao)(xiao)電(dian)流10A以下(xia)，我們可以直接(jie)用電(dian)壓(ya)來(lai)(lai)驅(qu)動(dong)MOS管(guan)。大電(dian)流，一定是(shi)要加驅(qu)動(dong)，給MOS足夠(gou)大的(de)(de)驅(qu)動(dong)電(dian)流。以下(xia)在MOS管(guan)驅(qu)動(dong)有講到

工(gong)作電流，在(zai)設計(ji)的(de)時候，MOS管上(shang)不能存在(zai)超過0.3W的(de)功(gong)(gong)率。計(ji)算(suan)工(gong)式(shi)：I2*R/N。R為MOS的(de)內阻，N為MOS的(de)數量。如果功(gong)(gong)率超過，MOS會產(chan)生(sheng)25度以上(shang)的(de)溫升(sheng)，又因它(ta)們都是密封的(de),就算(suan)有散(san)(san)熱(re)片，長時間工(gong)作時，溫度還是會上(shang)去，因為他沒(mei)地方可散(san)(san)熱(re)。當(dang)然MOS管是沒(mei)任何問題，問題是他產(chan)生(sheng)熱(re)量會影(ying)響(xiang)到電池(chi)，畢竟(jing)保(bao)護板是與電池(chi)放在(zai)一起的(de)。

過流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(最大(da)電流(liu))，此項是(shi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)板(ban)必(bi)不(bu)(bu)可少的，非常關鍵的一個保(bao)護(hu)(hu)參數。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)電流(liu)的大(da)小與MOS的功率息息相關，因(yin)(yin)此在(zai)設計時，要(yao)盡(jin)量(liang)給出MOS能力的余量(liang)。在(zai)布板(ban)的時候，電流(liu)檢(jian)測點(dian)一定要(yao)選好位置，不(bu)(bu)能只接通就行(xing)，這需(xu)要(yao)經驗(yan)值。一般建議接在(zai)檢(jian)測電阻的中間端。還要(yao)注意電流(liu)檢(jian)測端的干(gan)擾問(wen)題(ti)，因(yin)(yin)為它的信號很(hen)容易受到干(gan)擾。

過流保護延時，它也是要(yao)根不(bu)同的(de)產品(pin)做相應的(de)調整。在此不(bu)多說了。

3.短路保護(hu)：嚴格來講，他是(shi)(shi)一個電壓比較型的(de)保護(hu)，也就是(shi)(shi)講是(shi)(shi)用電壓的(de)比較直接關斷(duan)或驅動的(de)，不要經過多余的(de)處理(li)。

短(duan)路(lu)(lu)延時的(de)設置也(ye)很關鍵(jian)，因為在(zai)我們的(de)產(chan)品中，輸入濾波電容(rong)都(dou)是很大的(de)，在(zai)接觸時第一時間給電容(rong)充電，此時就(jiu)相當于(yu)電池短(duan)路(lu)(lu)來給電容(rong)充電。

4.溫度保(bao)護(hu)(hu)：一般在(zai)智(zhi)能電(dian)池(chi)上都會用到，也是不可(ke)少的(de)。但往(wang)往(wang)它的(de)完(wan)美總會帶來(lai)另一方(fang)面的(de)不足。我們(men)(men)主(zhu)要是檢測(ce)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)溫度來(lai)斷開總開關來(lai)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)電(dian)池(chi)本身或(huo)負(fu)載。如(ru)果是在(zai)一個恒定(ding)的(de)環境(jing)條件下，當然不會有什么問題。由于(yu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)工作環境(jing)是我們(men)(men)不可(ke)控的(de)，太多太復雜的(de)變化，因(yin)此不好選擇。如(ru)在(zai)北方(fang)的(de)冬天(tian)，我們(men)(men)定(ding)在(zai)多少合(he)適(shi)?又如(ru)夏天(tian)的(de)南方(fang)地區(qu)，又定(ding)多少合(he)適(shi)?顯然范(fan)圍太寬(kuan)不可(ke)控的(de)因(yin)素太多，仁者見仁，智(zhi)者見智(zhi)的(de)去選擇了。

5.MOS保護：主要是MOS的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓，電(dian)(dian)流與溫(wen)度。當然就是牽(qian)扯到MOS管的(de)選型了。MOS的(de)耐壓當然要超(chao)過電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓，這是必須的(de)。電(dian)(dian)流講的(de)是在通過額定電(dian)(dian)流時MOS管體(ti)上(shang)的(de)溫(wen)升了一(yi)般不超(chao)過25度的(de)溫(wen)升，個人經驗值，只(zhi)供參(can)考。

MOS的(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，也許(xu)會有(you)(you)(you)的(de)人會講，我有(you)(you)(you)用(yong)低內(nei)阻大(da)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)MOS管，但為何還有(you)(you)(you)蠻高的(de)溫度?這是MOS管的(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)分(fen)沒有(you)(you)(you)做(zuo)好，驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)MOS要(yao)有(you)(you)(you)足(zu)夠大(da)的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，具體多(duo)(duo)大(da)的(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，要(yao)根據(ju)功率(lv)MOS管的(de)輸入電(dian)(dian)容(rong)來定(ding)。因(yin)此(ci)，一(yi)(yi)般的(de)過(guo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)與短路(lu)(lu)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)都不(bu)能(neng)(neng)用(yong)芯(xin)片直接驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，一(yi)(yi)定(ding)要(yao)外加。在(zai)大(da)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(超(chao)過(guo)50A)工作時，一(yi)(yi)定(ding)要(yao)做(zuo)到(dao)多(duo)(duo)級(ji)多(duo)(duo)路(lu)(lu)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，才能(neng)(neng)保證(zheng)MOS的(de)同一(yi)(yi)時間(jian)同一(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)正(zheng)常打開與關閉(bi)。因(yin)為MOS管有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)個輸入電(dian)(dian)容(rong)， MOS管功率(lv),電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)越(yue)大(da)，輸入電(dian)(dian)容(rong)也就越(yue)大(da)，如果沒有(you)(you)(you)足(zu)夠的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，不(bu)會在(zai)短時間(jian)做(zuo)出完整的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)。尤(you)其是電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)超(chao)過(guo)50A時，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)設計上更(geng)要(yao)細化(hua)，一(yi)(yi)定(ding)要(yao)做(zuo)到(dao)多(duo)(duo)級(ji)多(duo)(duo)路(lu)(lu)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)控(kong)制(zhi)。這樣才能(neng)(neng)保證(zheng)MOS的(de)正(zheng)常過(guo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)與短路(lu)(lu)保護(hu)。

MOS電流(liu)平衡(heng)，主要講的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)多顆MOS并(bing)起來用時(shi)，要讓(rang)每一(yi)顆MOS管通過的(de)(de)電流(liu)，打開與關閉(bi)時(shi)間都是(shi)(shi)一(yi)致(zhi)的(de)(de)。這(zhe)就要在(zai)畫板方面(mian)入手了(le)，它們(men)的(de)(de)輸入輸出一(yi)定(ding)(ding)要對稱，一(yi)定(ding)(ding)要保證每一(yi)個管子(zi)通過的(de)(de)電流(liu)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)致(zhi)這(zhe)才(cai)是(shi)(shi)目的(de)(de)。

6.自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang), 這個(ge)參(can)數(shu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)越(yue)小(xiao)越(yue)好，最(zui)理(li)想的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀態是(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)零(ling)，但(dan)不可能(neng)做到這一(yi)點。就是(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)為(wei)人人都(dou)想把這個(ge)參(can)數(shu)做小(xiao)，有(you)很(hen)多人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求更低，甚至離譜，我們想想，保護板上有(you)芯(xin)片，它們是(shi)(shi)(shi)要工作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，可以做到很(hen)低，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)可靠性呢?應該是(shi)(shi)(shi)在性能(neng)可靠完全(quan)OK的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)再(zai)來考(kao)量(liang)自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題。有(you)些(xie)朋友也許進(jin)入了(le)誤區，自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)分為(wei)整體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和每(mei)一(yi)串(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

整(zheng)體自耗電(dian)，如果在100~500uA都是(shi)沒什(shen)么問(wen)題的(de)，因(yin)為動力電(dian)池(chi)的(de)容量本身就很(hen)大(da)。當然(ran)電(dian)動工具(ju)的(de)另外分析。如5AH的(de)電(dian)池(chi)，放電(dian)500uA，要(yao)放多久，因(yin)此對整(zheng)個電(dian)池(chi)組來講是(shi)很(hen)微弱的(de)。

每(mei)串(chuan)(chuan)自耗(hao)電(dian)才最關(guan)鍵的(de)，這(zhe)(zhe)個也不可能(neng)為零，當然也是在性(xing)能(neng)完全可行情況下進行，但有一(yi)點，每(mei)一(yi)串(chuan)(chuan)的(de)自耗(hao)電(dian)量一(yi)定要一(yi)致，一(yi)般每(mei)一(yi)串(chuan)(chuan)的(de)差(cha)別(bie)不能(neng)超過5uA。這(zhe)(zhe)點大家應(ying)該知道，如果每(mei)一(yi)串(chuan)(chuan)的(de)自耗(hao)電(dian)不一(yi)時，那么在長時間(jian)擱置下，電(dian)池的(de)容量一(yi)定會產生變(bian)化的(de)。

7.均衡(heng)：均衡(heng)這(zhe)一(yi)塊(kuai)是(shi)此(ci)文(wen)章的(de)(de)(de)論述的(de)(de)(de)重點(dian)。目前最通(tong)用的(de)(de)(de)均衡(heng)方式(shi)分為(wei)兩種(zhong)，一(yi)種(zhong)就是(shi)耗能式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)，另一(yi)種(zhong)就是(shi)轉能式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)。

A耗(hao)能式均衡，主(zhu)要(yao)是把(ba)多串電(dian)池(chi)中某節電(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)量或電(dian)壓高的用電(dian)阻把(ba)多余(yu)的電(dian)能損耗(hao)掉。它也分如下三種。

一，充電(dian)時時均(jun)(jun)衡(heng)(heng)，它主要是在(zai)(zai)充電(dian)時任何(he)(he)一顆電(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)壓(ya)高(gao)出(chu)所有電(dian)池(chi)平均(jun)(jun)電(dian)壓(ya)時，它就啟動均(jun)(jun)衡(heng)(heng)，無(wu)論電(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)壓(ya)在(zai)(zai)什(shen)么范圍，它主要是應用在(zai)(zai)智(zhi)能(neng)軟(ruan)件方案上(shang)。當(dang)然如(ru)何(he)(he)定義可以(yi)由(you)軟(ruan)件任意調整(zheng)。此方案的優(you)點(dian)它能(neng)有更多的時間去(qu)做(zuo)電(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)壓(ya)均(jun)(jun)衡(heng)(heng)。

二，電(dian)壓定點(dian)均(jun)衡(heng)，就是把均(jun)衡(heng)啟動定在(zai)一個電(dian)壓點(dian)上，如(ru)錳鋰電(dian)池，很多就定在(zai)4.2V開始均(jun)衡(heng)。這種方式(shi)只是在(zai)電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)的末端進行(xing)，所以均(jun)衡(heng)時間(jian)較短，用處可想(xiang)而知。

三，靜態(tai)自動均衡(heng)，它(ta)也(ye)(ye)可(ke)以在(zai)(zai)(zai)充電(dian)的(de)過程(cheng)中進(jin)行(xing)，也(ye)(ye)可(ke)以在(zai)(zai)(zai)放電(dian)時進(jin)行(xing)，更(geng)有特點的(de)是(shi)，電(dian)池(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)靜態(tai)擱置時，如果電(dian)壓不(bu)一致時，它(ta)也(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)(zai)均衡(heng)著，直到電(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)壓達到一致。但(dan)有人認(ren)為，電(dian)池(chi)都(dou)沒工作了，為什么保護板還是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)發(fa)熱呢(ni)?

以上(shang)三種方式都(dou)以是(shi)參(can)考(kao)電壓來實現(xian)均衡的(de)。但是(shi)，電池電壓高不一定(ding)代表容(rong)量就高，也許截然相反。以下(xia)論述。

其(qi)優(you)點就是成本低，設計簡單，在電池電壓不一(yi)致時(shi)能起到一(yi)定的(de)作用，主(zhu)要體現在電池長時(shi)間擱置自(zi)耗引(yin)起的(de)電壓不一(yi)致。理論上是有微弱的(de)可行性(xing)。

缺點，電路復雜，元件(jian)多，溫度高，防靜電差，故障率高。

具體探討如下。

當新單(dan)體(ti)電(dian)池(chi)分容(rong)分壓分內(nei)阻過(guo)后組成(cheng)PACK，總會有(you)(you)各別的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)體(ti)容(rong)量偏低，而往往容(rong)量最低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)那(nei)顆(ke)單(dan)體(ti)，在充(chong)電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程中電(dian)壓一(yi)定是(shi)(shi)上升(sheng)最快的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)它最先到(dao)達(da)啟(qi)動均衡(heng)電(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，此時，大容(rong)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)體(ti)還沒達(da)到(dao)電(dian)壓點而沒有(you)(you)啟(qi)動均衡(heng)，小(xiao)容(rong)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)確開始均衡(heng)了，這(zhe)(zhe)樣每一(yi)次(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)循(xun)環工作，這(zhe)(zhe)顆(ke)小(xiao)容(rong)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)體(ti)一(yi)直處(chu)于飽(bao)充(chong)飽(bao)放的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀態(tai)下工作，而它也(ye)是(shi)(shi)衰(shuai)老最快的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，同時內(nei)阻自(zi)然(ran)也(ye)會慢(man)慢(man)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比其它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)體(ti)增高，從(cong)而形(xing)成(cheng)一(yi)個惡(e)性循(xun)環。這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)個極大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弊端。

元件越多(duo)，故障率自然就高了。

溫(wen)度(du)，可想(xiang)而知(zhi)，耗能(neng)式的(de)，是想(xiang)把所謂多余的(de)電(dian)(dian)量用電(dian)(dian)阻以(yi)發熱(re)的(de)形式來(lai)(lai)耗掉多余的(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)，它(ta)(ta)確成了(le)名副其實發熱(re)源。而高(gao)溫(wen)對電(dian)(dian)芯本身來(lai)(lai)講(jiang)是非常(chang)致命的(de)一個(ge)相當(dang)因素(su)，它(ta)(ta)可能(neng)會(hui)讓電(dian)(dian)池燃燒，也(ye)可能(neng)會(hui)引起電(dian)(dian)池爆炸。本來(lai)(lai)我(wo)們是在想(xiang)盡一切辦法去減少整(zheng)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)池包的(de)溫(wen)度(du)產生，而耗能(neng)均衡呢?同時它(ta)(ta)的(de)溫(wen)度(du)高(gao)得驚人，大家可以(yi)去測試一下，當(dang)然是在全封閉(bi)的(de)環境下。總的(de)來(lai)(lai)說，它(ta)(ta)是一個(ge)發熱(re)體，熱(re)是電(dian)(dian)池的(de)致命天敵(di)。

靜電(dian)，我個人(ren)設計保(bao)(bao)護(hu)板時(shi)(shi)(shi)，從來不用小(xiao)功率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)MOS管，哪怕一顆(ke)都不用。因為本人(ren)在(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)一塊吃過太多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)虧了(le)。就(jiu)是(shi)MOS管的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靜電(dian)問(wen)題。先不說(shuo)小(xiao)MOS在(zai)工作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)，就(jiu)說(shuo)在(zai)生產(chan)(chan)加工PCBA貼(tie)片時(shi)(shi)(shi)，如果車間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)度(du)低于60%，小(xiao)MOS生產(chan)(chan)出來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不良率(lv)都會(hui)超(chao)過10%以(yi)(yi)上，然(ran)后再濕(shi)度(du)調到80%。小(xiao)MOS的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不良率(lv)為零。可(ke)以(yi)(yi)試(shi)試(shi)。這(zhe)(zhe)要表明(ming)一個什么問(wen)題呢?如果我們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品在(zai)北(bei)方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冬(dong)天，小(xiao)MOS是(shi)否能通過，這(zhe)(zhe)需要時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)來驗證的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。再有，MOS管的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)壞(huai)只有短路，如果短路那可(ke)想而知，就(jiu)意味(wei)著這(zhe)(zhe)組電(dian)池馬上要損(sun)壞(huai)。更(geng)何況我們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)均(jun)衡上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)MOS用得還不少呢。這(zhe)(zhe)時(shi)(shi)(shi)有人(ren)會(hui)恍然(ran)，難怪退回來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貨(huo)，都是(shi)因為均(jun)衡壞(huai)掉而引起單體電(dian)池損(sun)壞(huai)，而且都是(shi)MOS壞(huai)掉了(le)。這(zhe)(zhe)時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)芯廠與保(bao)(bao)護(hu)板廠開始扯(che)皮了(le)。是(shi)誰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)錯(cuo)呢?

B能量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)轉移式均(jun)衡，它(ta)(ta)是讓大(da)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)以(yi)(yi)儲能的(de)(de)(de)方式轉移到(dao)小容量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，聽起來感覺很(hen)智能很(hen)實(shi)用。它(ta)(ta)也分(fen)(fen)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)時(shi)時(shi)均(jun)衡與容量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)定(ding)點(dian)均(jun)衡。它(ta)(ta)是以(yi)(yi)檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)來做均(jun)衡的(de)(de)(de)，但是好像沒考慮到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。可(ke)以(yi)(yi)想想，以(yi)(yi)10AH的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組為例，假如(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組中有一(yi)顆(ke)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)在10.1AH，一(yi)顆(ke)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)小點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)在9.8AH，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為2A，能量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)均(jun)衡電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為0.5A。這時(shi)10.1AH的(de)(de)(de)要給小容量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)9.8AH的(de)(de)(de)轉能充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，而9.8AH的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)就是2A+0.5A=2.5A，這時(shi)9.8AH電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)就是2.5A，這時(shi)9.8AH的(de)(de)(de)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)是補進去(qu)了(le)，可(ke)是9.8AH電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓會(hui)是多(duo)少呢?顯然(ran)會(hui)比(bi)其它(ta)(ta)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)上升得更快，如(ru)果到(dao)了(le)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)末端，9.8AH的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)定(ding)會(hui)大(da)大(da)提前過充保護，在每一(yi)次的(de)(de)(de)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)循環，小容量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)一(yi)直處在深充深放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)。而其它(ta)(ta)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是否(fou)有充飽，不確定(ding)因素太多(duo)。微弱直觀的(de)(de)(de)就小分(fen)(fen)析(xi)到(dao)這，分(fen)(fen)析(xi)太多(duo)怕不知所(suo)云。

其它相關

如果堅持要用(yong)到(dao)均(jun)衡(heng)功能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)人(ren)，我可以斷定此人(ren)沒有(you)大批量生(sheng)產動力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板或PACK的(de)(de)經(jing)驗(yan)。如果有(you)大批量生(sheng)產過(guo)，他一(yi)定會(hui)在(zai)均(jun)衡(heng)上吃(chi)不(bu)少的(de)(de)虧。個人(ren)認(ren)為，均(jun)衡(heng)利(li)用(yong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板來實(shi)現，有(you)點滑稽(ji)。因為保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板就是(shi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)，它(ta)只(zhi)做電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)最極端的(de)(de)時(shi)候起到(dao)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)作用(yong)，它(ta)沒有(you)能(neng)(neng)力去把電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)提高(gao)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板只(zhi)是(shi)一(yi)個被動部分，難道家里的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)絲或保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)開關能(neng)(neng)提高(gao)家里的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)量？當然不(bu)可能(neng)(neng)。它(ta)只(zhi)起到(dao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)作用(yong)。

電芯

電芯才(cai)是(shi)(shi)主動器(qi)件(jian),我們(men)要提(ti)高的(de)是(shi)(shi)電芯上的(de)性能與(yu)技術,主要是(shi)(shi)一致(zhi)性。再說均(jun)衡做在(zai)保護板(ban)上，不管是(shi)(shi)從(cong)理論上還是(shi)(shi)實際應用中，它有(you)弊(bi)有(you)利，但在(zai)理論上，均(jun)衡有(you)一定的(de)作用，但用處多(duo)(duo)大，顯(xian)然可見。為何？因為充(chong)電一般都是(shi)(shi)在(zai)2~10A的(de)電流，而均(jun)衡我們(men)最多(duo)(duo)只能做到200mA。這個差別(bie)太(tai)(tai)多(duo)(duo)，同時有(you)些均(jun)衡方案是(shi)(shi)在(zai)充(chong)電電壓的(de)末端啟動，更(geng)顯(xian)得于(yu)事無補啊。而它有(you)弊(bi)端的(de)一面，太(tai)(tai)多(duo)(duo)太(tai)(tai)多(duo)(duo)。

端口

VDD是IC電源正極，VSS是電源負極，V-是過流/短路檢測端，Dout是放電保護執行端，Cout是充電保護執行端。2，保護板端口說明：B+，B-分別是接電芯正極,負極：P+，P-分別是保護板輸出的正極，負極；T為溫度電阻(NTC)端口，一般需要和用電器的MCU配合產生保護動作,后面會介紹，這個端口有時也標為ID，意即身份識別端口，這時，R3一般為固定阻值的電阻，讓用電器的CPU辨別是否為指定的電池。

1、輸(shu)出負極(ji)(ji)、充電負極(ji)(ji)、電池負極(ji)(ji)、必須按順序接(jie)線，不要反接(jie)線路以(yi)免燒壞電路元件

2、充電(dian)線，放電(dian)線，電(dian)池負極。盡量用粗線，否則(ze)會通不過大電(dian)流(liu)，會起到過流(liu)保護，造成電(dian)路不工作

3、電(dian)池正極(ji)輸(shu)(shu)出不用(yong)經(jing)過(guo)保護電(dian)路，直接連接輸(shu)(shu)出。