承(cheng)德避(bi)(bi)暑山莊(zhuang)，又稱“熱河(he)行宮(gong)”，坐落(luo)于中國(guo)北部(bu)河(he)北省承(cheng)德市中心以北的狹長谷地上，占地面積584公頃(qing)。避(bi)(bi)暑山莊(zhuang)始建(jian)(jian)于清康熙四(si)十(shi)二年(nian)(nian)（公元1703年(nian)(nian)），雍正(zheng)（公元1723—1736年(nian)(nian)在(zai)位）時代一度暫停營建(jian)(jian)，清乾(qian)隆六年(nian)(nian)至(zhi)五(wu)十(shi)七年(nian)(nian)（公元1741—1792年(nian)(nian)）又繼續修建(jian)(jian)，增加了乾(qian)隆36景和山莊(zhuang)外(wai)的外(wai)八廟(miao)。整個(ge)避(bi)(bi)暑山莊(zhuang)的營建(jian)(jian)歷時近90年(nian)(nian)。這期間(jian)清王朝(chao)國(guo)力興盛，能工巧匠(jiang)云集(ji)于此(ci)。康熙五(wu)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)（公元1711年(nian)(nian)）康熙帝(di)還親自在(zai)山莊(zhuang)午門(men)上題寫了“避(bi)(bi)暑山莊(zhuang)”門(men)額。避(bi)(bi)暑山莊(zhuang)主要(yao)分為宮(gong)殿區和苑景區兩部(bu)分。

宮(gong)(gong)(gong)殿區位于山莊南部，宮(gong)(gong)(gong)室(shi)建(jian)筑林(lin)立，布(bu)局嚴整，是紫禁城的(de)(de)縮影。其布(bu)局運(yun)用了“前(qian)(qian)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)后(hou)苑”的(de)(de)傳統手法(fa)。宮(gong)(gong)(gong)殿位于山莊南端(duan)，包括正(zheng)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)、松(song)(song)鶴(he)(he)齋、東宮(gong)(gong)(gong)和萬壑松(song)(song)風四組(zu)建(jian)筑群。正(zheng)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)在宮(gong)(gong)(gong)殿區西側，是清(qing)代皇帝處理政務(wu)和居住之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所，按“前(qian)(qian)朝后(hou)寢”的(de)(de)形(xing)制，由(you)九進院落組(zu)成；布(bu)局嚴整，建(jian)筑外(wai)形(xing)簡樸，裝修淡雅。主殿全由(you)四川、云南的(de)(de)名貴楠木建(jian)成，素(su)身燙蠟，雕(diao)刻(ke)精(jing)美。庭院大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)、回(hui)廊(lang)高低、山石配(pei)置(zhi)、樹(shu)木種植(zhi)，都(dou)使(shi)人感到平易親切，與(yu)京城巍峨豪華的(de)(de)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)殿大(da)不(bu)相同。松(song)(song)鶴(he)(he)齋在正(zheng)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東，由(you)七(qi)進院落組(zu)成，庭中古松(song)(song)聳峙，環境清(qing)幽。萬壑松(song)(song)風在松(song)(song)鶴(he)(he)齋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)北，是乾隆(long)幼時讀書之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)處，六幢(chuang)大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)不(bu)同的(de)(de)建(jian)筑錯落布(bu)置(zhi)，以回(hui)廊(lang)相連，富(fu)于南方園林(lin)建(jian)筑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)特(te)色(se)。東宮(gong)(gong)(gong)在松(song)(song)鶴(he)(he)齋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東，已毀于火災。

苑景(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)又(you)分湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊區(qu)(qu)(qu)、平(ping)原區(qu)(qu)(qu)和山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)岳區(qu)(qu)(qu)。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊區(qu)(qu)(qu)是山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)風(feng)景(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重點。被小州嶼分隔成(cheng)形式各(ge)異、意趣不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)面(mian)，用長堤(di)、小橋(qiao)、曲(qu)徑(jing)縱橫(heng)相(xiang)連。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)岸曲(qu)逶，樓閣(ge)相(xiang)間，層次豐富，一(yi)(yi)派江南(nan)(nan)水鄉風(feng)光。建筑采用分散(san)布(bu)局之(zhi)手(shou)法(fa)，園(yuan)(yuan)中有(you)(you)園(yuan)(yuan)，每組建筑都形成(cheng)獨立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小天(tian)地(di)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)72景(jing)就(jiu)有(you)(you)31景(jing)在(zai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)。煙雨(yu)樓仿(fang)嘉興南(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煙雨(yu)樓而建。主樓是上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)下各(ge)寬5間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩層樓，周圍(wei)回廊相(xiang)抱(bao)，四(si)面(mian)為對山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)齋(zhai)，齋(zhai)前(qian)假山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)又(you)建一(yi)(yi)六角(jiao)亭(ting)，布(bu)局玲瓏精巧，環境(jing)幽雅宜人，是避暑(shu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)最著(zhu)名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勝景(jing)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)阜平(ping)臺上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)建有(you)(you)三間殿(dian)和帝(di)王閣(ge)，俗(su)稱“金山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)亭(ting)”，六角(jiao)形，共3層，內(nei)供玉皇(huang)大(da)帝(di)。這是湖(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)最高(gao)(gao)點，與(yu)煙雨(yu)樓同為山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代表性風(feng)景(jing)點。平(ping)原區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)萬(wan)樹園(yuan)(yuan)北依山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)麓，南(nan)(nan)臨湖(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)，占地(di)80公頃(qing)，遍植(zhi)名木佳樹，西邊(bian)地(di)面(mian)空曠，綠(lv)草如茵，為清(qing)帝(di)巡幸山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)時(shi)放牧(mu)之(zhi)地(di)。園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)無任何建筑，只是按蒙古習俗(su)設(she)置(zhi)了(le)蒙古區(qu)(qu)(qu)與(yu)活動房屋，清(qing)帝(di)常在(zai)此舉行馬技、雜(za)枝、摔跤、放焰(yan)火等活動。并(bing)接見各(ge)民族的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)層人物與(yu)外(wai)國使節(jie)。御幄專供皇(huang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)使用，直徑(jing)7丈2尺，幄內(nei)張(zhang)掛壁毯(tan)，地(di)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)鋪白氈，頂(ding)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)掛各(ge)種精美的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宮燈。萬(wan)樹園(yuan)(yuan)旁(pang)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)座舍利塔(ta)，形制仿(fang)杭州六和塔(ta)，是乾隆十九(jiu)(jiu)年（公元1754年）改(gai)造，高(gao)(gao)65米，八角(jiao)九(jiu)(jiu)層。文津閣(ge)是皇(huang)家七大(da)藏書樓之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)，為藏《四(si)庫全書》依照寧波天(tian)一(yi)(yi)閣(ge)而建。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)岳區(qu)(qu)(qu)最著(zhu)名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)景(jing)點是梨樹峪，因這里(li)有(you)(you)萬(wan)樹梨花(hua)(hua)，花(hua)(hua)香襲(xi)人，花(hua)(hua)色似(si)雪(xue)而得名。西北隅高(gao)(gao)峰(feng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)座四(si)面(mian)云山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)亭(ting)，亭(ting)居于(yu)峰(feng)巔(dian)，歇山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)，四(si)面(mian)開(kai)門(men)窗，可登(deng)此俯覽群(qun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，遠(yuan)近景(jing)色盡收眼(yan)底(di)。棒錘山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)頂(ding)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)巨大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)棒錘，下面(mian)有(you)(you)石(shi)臺。棒錘高(gao)(gao)38.29米，頂(ding)部直徑(jing)15.04米，根(gen)部直徑(jing)10.7米，生成(cheng)三百萬(wan)年來(lai)，一(yi)(yi)直挺(ting)立不倒(dao)，為承德一(yi)(yi)大(da)奇觀(guan)。

避(bi)暑(shu)山莊(zhuang)周圍(wei)12座建(jian)筑(zhu)風格各(ge)異的寺(si)廟(miao)，是當時清政府為了團結(jie)蒙古、新疆、西藏(zang)等地區的少數(shu)民(min)族，利用宗教作為籠絡手(shou)段(duan)而修建(jian)的。其中的8座由清政府直(zhi)接(jie)管(guan)理，故被(bei)稱(cheng)為“外(wai)八(ba)廟(miao)”。廟(miao)宇按照建(jian)筑(zhu)風格分(fen)為藏(zang)式寺(si)廟(miao)、漢式寺(si)廟(miao)和漢藏(zang)結(jie)合式寺(si)廟(miao)三種。這些寺(si)廟(miao)融(rong)和了漢、藏(zang)等民(min)族建(jian)筑(zhu)藝術的精華(hua)，氣(qi)勢宏偉，極(ji)具皇家風范。

避暑(shu)山莊(zhuang)及周圍寺廟，是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)現(xian)存最(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)帝王苑囿(you)和(he)皇家寺廟群(qun)(qun)。它集中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)造(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)藝(yi)術和(he)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)藝(yi)術之大(da)成，是具有創造(zao)力的(de)(de)杰(jie)作。在(zai)(zai)造(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)上(shang)，它繼(ji)承和(he)發展了(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)典園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)“以人為(wei)之美入自然(ran)(ran)，符合(he)自然(ran)(ran)而又超(chao)越自然(ran)(ran)”的(de)(de)傳統(tong)造(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)思(si)想，總結(jie)(jie)(jie)并創造(zao)性地(di)運(yun)(yun)(yun)用了(le)(le)(le)各種(zhong)造(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)素材、造(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)技法，使其成為(wei)自然(ran)(ran)山水園(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)化的(de)(de)杰(jie)出代(dai)(dai)表。在(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)，它繼(ji)承、發展、并創造(zao)性地(di)運(yun)(yun)(yun)用各種(zhong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)技藝(yi)，擷取中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)南北名園(yuan)(yuan)名寺的(de)(de)精(jing)華，仿中(zhong)(zhong)有創，表達了(le)(le)(le)“移天縮地(di)在(zai)(zai)君(jun)懷”的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)主題。在(zai)(zai)園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)與(yu)寺廟、單體(ti)與(yu)組群(qun)(qun)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)具體(ti)構(gou)建(jian)(jian)上(shang)，避暑(shu)山莊(zhuang)及周圍寺廟實現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)南北造(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)和(he)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)藝(yi)術的(de)(de)融合(he)。它囊括了(le)(le)(le)亭臺閣寺等(deng)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)大(da)部(bu)分建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)形象，展示了(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)木(mu)(mu)架結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)高超(chao)技藝(yi)，并實現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)木(mu)(mu)架結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)與(yu)磚(zhuan)石結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)、漢式建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)形式與(yu)少數民族建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)形式的(de)(de)完美結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)。加之建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)裝(zhuang)飾及佛(fo)教(jiao)造(zao)像等(deng)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)最(zui)高超(chao)技藝(yi)的(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)用，構(gou)成了(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)史上(shang)的(de)(de)奇觀。