【電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)線圈】電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)線圈有(you)哪(na)些分類 電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)線圈的主要(yao)性(xing)能
電感線圈的分類
在電路中常用的電感線圈的(de)分類(lei)大致(zhi)有這么幾種:
按電(dian)(dian)感形式(shi)分類:固(gu)定電(dian)(dian)感、可變(bian)電(dian)(dian)感。
按導磁體性質(zhi)分類:空芯(xin)(xin)線圈(quan)、鐵(tie)氧體線圈(quan)、鐵(tie)芯(xin)(xin)線圈(quan)、銅芯(xin)(xin)線圈(quan)。
按工作性質分類:天線(xian)(xian)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)、振蕩線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)、扼流線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)、陷波(bo)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)、偏轉線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)。
按繞(rao)線(xian)(xian)結構分類(lei):單層線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)、多層線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)、蜂房式(shi)(shi)(shi)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)、密繞(rao)式(shi)(shi)(shi)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)、間繞(rao)式(shi)(shi)(shi)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)、脫胎式(shi)(shi)(shi)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)、蜂房式(shi)(shi)(shi)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)、亂繞(rao)式(shi)(shi)(shi)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)。
電感線圈的主要性能
電感線圈的性能指標主要就是電感量(liang)的大(da)小。另外,繞制電(dian)感線圈(quan)(quan)(quan)的導(dao)線一般來說總具有一定的電(dian)阻,通常這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)電(dian)阻是(shi)很(hen)(hen)(hen)小的,可以忽略(lve)不記(ji)。但當在一些電(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)流過的電(dian)流很(hen)(hen)(hen)大(da)時線圈(quan)(quan)(quan)的這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)很(hen)(hen)(hen)小的電(dian)阻就不能忽略(lve)了,因為很(hen)(hen)(hen)大(da)的電(dian)流會在這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)線圈(quan)(quan)(quan)上消耗功(gong)率,引起線圈(quan)(quan)(quan)發(fa)熱甚至燒壞(huai),所以有些時候(hou)還(huan)要考慮線圈(quan)(quan)(quan)能承(cheng)受的電(dian)功(gong)率。
電感量
電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)量(liang)(liang)L表示線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)本身固有特性,與電(dian)(dian)流大(da)(da)(da)(da)小無(wu)關。除專門的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(色碼電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan))外(wai),電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)量(liang)(liang)一(yi)般不(bu)專門標(biao)注在線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)上,而以(yi)特定的(de)(de)名(ming)稱標(biao)注。電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)量(liang)(liang)也稱自感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)系數(shu),是表示電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器產生自感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)應能力的(de)(de)一(yi)個物(wu)理(li)量(liang)(liang)。電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)小,主要取決于(yu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)數(shu)(匝數(shu))、繞制方式、有無(wu)磁(ci)心及磁(ci)心的(de)(de)材料等(deng)等(deng)。通常,線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)數(shu)越多、繞制的(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)越密(mi)集,電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)量(liang)(liang)就越大(da)(da)(da)(da)。有磁(ci)心的(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)比無(wu)磁(ci)心的(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)量(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)(da)(da);磁(ci)心導磁(ci)率越大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan),電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)量(liang)(liang)也越大(da)(da)(da)(da)。
電(dian)感(gan)量的(de)基本單位是亨(heng)利(li)(簡稱亨(heng)),用字母"H"表示。常用的(de)單位還有(you)毫亨(heng)(mH)和微亨(heng)(μH),它們之間的(de)關系是:
1H=1000mH
1mH=1000μH
感抗
電感(gan)(gan)線圈對交流(liu)電流(liu)阻礙作用的(de)大小稱感(gan)(gan)抗XL,單位是歐姆,符(fu)號Ω。它與(yu)電感(gan)(gan)量L和交流(liu)電頻率f的(de)關系為XL=2πfL
品質因素
品質因素(su)Q是表示線(xian)圈質量的(de)(de)一個物理量,Q為感(gan)抗(kang)XL與其等(deng)效(xiao)的(de)(de)電阻(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)比值(zhi)(zhi),即:Q=XL/R。它(ta)是指電感(gan)器在某(mou)一頻率的(de)(de)交流(liu)電壓下工作時,所呈現的(de)(de)感(gan)抗(kang)與其等(deng)效(xiao)損耗(hao)電阻(zu)(zu)之比。電感(gan)器的(de)(de)Q值(zhi)(zhi)越高(gao),其損耗(hao)越小,效(xiao)率越高(gao)。線(xian)圈的(de)(de)Q值(zhi)(zhi)與導線(xian)的(de)(de)直(zhi)流(liu)電阻(zu)(zu),骨架(jia)的(de)(de)介質損耗(hao),屏蔽罩或鐵芯引起的(de)(de)損耗(hao),高(gao)頻趨膚效(xiao)應的(de)(de)影響(xiang)等(deng)因素(su)有(you)關(guan)。線(xian)圈的(de)(de)Q值(zhi)(zhi)通常(chang)為幾十(shi)到幾百(bai)。電感(gan)器品質因數的(de)(de)高(gao)低與線(xian)圈導線(xian)的(de)(de)直(zhi)流(liu)電阻(zu)(zu)、線(xian)圈骨架(jia)的(de)(de)介質損耗(hao)及鐵心、屏蔽罩等(deng)引起的(de)(de)損耗(hao)等(deng)有(you)關(guan)。
分布電容
任何電感線圈,其匝(za)與(yu)匝(za)之間、層(ceng)與(yu)層(ceng)之間,線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)與(yu)參考地之間,線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)與(yu)磁屏蔽罩(zhao)間等都(dou)存(cun)在一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong),這些電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)稱為電(dian)(dian)感線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)分(fen)布電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)。若將這些分(fen)布電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)綜合在一(yi)(yi)起,就成為一(yi)(yi)個與(yu)電(dian)(dian)感線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)并(bing)聯(lian)的(de)等效(xiao)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)C。分(fen)布電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)存(cun)在使線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)Q值(zhi)減小,穩定(ding)性(xing)變(bian)差,因而線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)分(fen)布電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)越小越好。
額定電流
額定電流是指電感器(qi)有正常(chang)工(gong)作(zuo)時反允(yun)許(xu)通過(guo)的最大電流值。若工(gong)作(zuo)電流超過(guo)額定電流,則電感器(qi)就會因(yin)發熱(re)而(er)使性能參(can)數發生改(gai)變,甚至還會因(yin)過(guo)流而(er)燒毀。
允許偏差
允(yun)許偏差是指電感(gan)器上標稱的電感(gan)量與實際(ji)電感(gan)的允(yun)許誤差值。
一般用(yong)于(yu)振蕩(dang)或(huo)濾波等電路中的電感器要求精度(du)較高(gao),允(yun)(yun)許偏差為(wei)±0.2[%]~±0.5[%];而用(yong)于(yu)耦(ou)合、高(gao)頻阻流等線圈的精度(du)要求不高(gao);允(yun)(yun)許偏差為(wei)±10[%]~15[%]。