電動汽車蓄電池容量一般是多少
一般(ban)(ban)家(jia)用汽(qi)車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量為54-60Ah之間,汽(qi)車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量表示在一定條件下(放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)率、溫度、終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)放(fang)(fang)出的電(dian)(dian)(dian)量。一般(ban)(ban)汽(qi)車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)的容量單(dan)位(wei)為Ah,例如容量為60Ah的電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)如果連(lian)續放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流為1A,那么它可連(lian)續放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)60小時。基于國(guo)家(jia)GB標準,以型(xing)號(hao)為6-QAW-54a的蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池為例:
1、6表示由6個單格(ge)電池組(zu)成,每(mei)個單格(ge)電池電壓(ya)為2V,即額定電壓(ya)為12V。
2、Q表示(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的用途,Q為(wei)汽車啟動用蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。
3、A表(biao)示干荷型蓄電池。
4、W表(biao)示(shi)(shi)免維護型(xing)(xing)蓄電池(chi),若(ruo)不標表(biao)示(shi)(shi)普通型(xing)(xing)蓄電池(chi)。
5、54:表示蓄電池的(de)額定容量為54Ah。
6、角標a:表示(shi)對原產品的(de)第一次改進。
7、角標b表(biao)示第二次改進,依次類推。
8、注:型號后(hou)加D表示低溫(wen)啟(qi)動(dong)性(xing)能好,如6-QA-110D。
電動汽車蓄電池性能參數
1、電動勢
電池(chi)的電動勢(shi),又(you)稱電池(chi)標準電壓或理論電壓,為(wei)電池(chi)斷路時正(zheng)負兩(liang)極間(jian)的電位差。
2、額定電壓
額(e)定電(dian)壓(ya)(或公(gong)稱電(dian)壓(ya)),系指該(gai)電(dian)化學體系的(de)電(dian)池(chi)工作(zuo)時(shi)公(gong)認的(de)標準電(dian)壓(ya)。
3、開路電壓
電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)開路電(dian)(dian)壓是(shi)(shi)無負荷情(qing)況下的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓。開路電(dian)(dian)壓不(bu)等于電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)動勢。必須指(zhi)出(chu),電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)動勢是(shi)(shi)從熱力學函數(shu)計算而得到的(de),而電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)開路電(dian)(dian)壓則是(shi)(shi)實際(ji)測量出(chu)來的(de)。
4、工作電壓
指蓄電池在(zai)某負載下實際的放電電壓,通常是指一個電壓范圍。
5、充電電壓
指(zhi)外電(dian)(dian)(dian)路直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。一(yi)般的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓要大(da)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的開路電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,通常在一(yi)定(ding)的范圍內。
6、內阻
蓄電(dian)池的(de)內(nei)阻(zu)(zu)包括:正負極板的(de)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu),電(dian)解液的(de)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu),隔板的(de)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)和連接(jie)體的(de)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)等(deng)。
7、正負極電阻
目前普遍使用的鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)池正、負極(ji)板(ban)為涂膏式,由(you)鉛銻合(he)金或鉛鈣合(he)金板(ban)柵架和活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)兩部分(fen)構成。因此,極(ji)板(ban)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)也由(you)板(ban)柵電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)和活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)組成。板(ban)柵在活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)內層,充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)時,不會發生化學變化,所以(yi)它(ta)的電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)是(shi)板(ban)柵的固有電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)。活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)的電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)是(shi)隨著電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)狀態的不同而變化的。
8、電解液電阻
電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)的電(dian)(dian)阻視其濃(nong)度(du)不(bu)同而異。在規定的濃(nong)度(du)范圍內(nei)一旦選定某(mou)一濃(nong)度(du)后(hou),電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)電(dian)(dian)阻將(jiang)隨充放電(dian)(dian)程度(du)而變。電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)時,在極(ji)板活(huo)性物(wu)質還原(yuan)的同時電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)濃(nong)度(du)增(zeng)加(jia),其電(dian)(dian)阻下(xia)降;蓄電(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)時,在極(ji)板活(huo)性物(wu)質硫酸化的同時電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)濃(nong)度(du)下(xia)降,其電(dian)(dian)阻增(zeng)加(jia)。
9、隔板電阻
隔板的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)視其(qi)孔(kong)率而(er)異,新電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)隔板電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)是趨(qu)于一個固定值,但隨電(dian)(dian)池(chi)運(yun)行時間的(de)(de)延長,其(qi)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)有(you)(you)所(suo)增加(jia)。因為,電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)運(yun)行過程中有(you)(you)些鉛渣和其(qi)他沉積物在(zai)隔板上,使(shi)得隔板孔(kong)率有(you)(you)所(suo)下降而(er)增加(jia)了電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)。
10、連接體電阻
連(lian)接(jie)(jie)體包括單體電(dian)(dian)池(chi)串聯時連(lian)接(jie)(jie)條等金屬的(de)(de)固有電(dian)(dian)阻,電(dian)(dian)池(chi)極(ji)板(ban)間的(de)(de)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)阻,以及正、負極(ji)板(ban)組成極(ji)群的(de)(de)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)體的(de)(de)金屬電(dian)(dian)阻,若焊(han)接(jie)(jie)和連(lian)接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)觸良(liang)好,連(lian)接(jie)(jie)體電(dian)(dian)阻可視(shi)為一(yi)固定電(dian)(dian)阻。
11、容量
電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)單位為庫侖(C)或安時(Ah)。理論容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)指(zhi)根據參加電(dian)化學反應的(de)(de)活性物(wu)質電(dian)化學當量(liang)(liang)(liang)數計算(suan)得(de)到的(de)(de)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。額定(ding)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)指(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)設計和生產電(dian)池(chi)時,規定(ding)或保證在(zai)(zai)(zai)指(zhi)定(ding)放(fang)電(dian)條件下(xia)電(dian)池(chi)應該放(fang)出(chu)的(de)(de)最低限度(du)的(de)(de)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。實(shi)際(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)指(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)一定(ding)的(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)條件下(xia),即在(zai)(zai)(zai)一定(ding)的(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)電(dian)流和溫度(du)下(xia),電(dian)池(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)終止電(dian)壓(ya)前所能放(fang)出(chu)的(de)(de)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。
12、比能量
電池的輸出能量是指在一定的放電條件下,蓄電池所能作出(chu)的電功,它等于電池(chi)的放(fang)電容量和電池(chi)平均工作電壓的乘積,其單位常用(yong)瓦時(Wh)表(biao)示。
13、壽命
電(dian)池的(de)壽(shou)(shou)命有“干(gan)貯存(cun)壽(shou)(shou)命”和“濕貯存(cun)壽(shou)(shou)命”兩個(ge)概念(nian)。必須指出(chu),這兩個(ge)概念(nian)僅是(shi)(shi)針對電(dian)池自放(fang)電(dian)大(da)小而言(yan)的(de),并(bing)非電(dian)池的(de)實際使(shi)用期限。電(dian)池的(de)真(zhen)正壽(shou)(shou)命是(shi)(shi)指電(dian)池實際使(shi)用的(de)時間(jian)長(chang)短。
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