質子交換膜燃料電池反應方程式

從(cong)本質上(shang)說，PEMFC是電解水(shui)的一個「逆」裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。電解水(shui)過程(cheng)是利用外加電源使水(shui)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)電解，從(cong)而(er)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)氫和(he)氧(yang)；然(ran)而(er)，燃料電池則是氫和(he)氧(yang)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)電化學反應產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)，同時生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)出電的過程(cheng)。

所以燃料電(dian)(dian)池的結構特(te)征與電(dian)(dian)解水裝置是如出一轍(che)的，它主(zhu)要(yao)由(you)陽極、陰極、電(dian)(dian)解質和外部(bu)電(dian)(dian)路組成。

PEMFC中陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為氫電極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為氧(yang)電極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，陰(yin)陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)都含有(you)一定(ding)量用來(lai)加速電極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上發生電化學反(fan)應的(de)催化劑，兩極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之間以質子交換膜作為電解質。

當(dang)氫(qing)(qing)氣(qi)(qi)與氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)分(fen)別通入陽極(ji)和陰(yin)(yin)極(ji)時，進入陽極(ji)的(de)(de)氫(qing)(qing)氣(qi)(qi)在催化(hua)劑作用下(xia)離(li)化(hua)成氫(qing)(qing)離(li)子(zi)(zi)和電(dian)子(zi)(zi)；電(dian)子(zi)(zi)經(jing)(jing)外電(dian)路轉(zhuan)移到(dao)陰(yin)(yin)極(ji)，氫(qing)(qing)離(li)子(zi)(zi)則(ze)經(jing)(jing)質子(zi)(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)膜到(dao)達陰(yin)(yin)極(ji)；陰(yin)(yin)極(ji)的(de)(de)氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)與氫(qing)(qing)離(li)子(zi)(zi)及(ji)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)反應生(sheng)成水分(fen)子(zi)(zi)，其中產生(sheng)的(de)(de)水不會(hui)稀釋電(dian)解質，卻是(shi)隨著尾氣(qi)(qi)通過(guo)電(dian)極(ji)排出。

因此，PEMFC的電(dian)化(hua)學反應為：2H2+O2→2H2O

該圖片由注冊用戶"橘子de殿堂"提供，版權聲明反饋

質子交換膜燃料電池的優點

1、發電過(guo)程(cheng)不涉及氫(qing)氧燃燒(shao)，因而不受卡諾循環(huan)的限(xian)制，能量轉換率高。

2、發(fa)電(dian)時(shi)不產(chan)生(sheng)污(wu)染。

3、發電單元模(mo)塊化，可靠性高，組裝和(he)維修都很方便。

4、工作時沒(mei)有噪音(yin)。

質子交換膜燃料電池發展瓶頸

1、成本問題

PEMFC的(de)成本問題是(shi)多方面引起的(de)，首(shou)先(xian)，由于其工作條(tiao)件是(shi)強酸性環境，必(bi)須使用(yong)昂(ang)貴的(de)Pt作為催化劑；其次(ci)，現今使用(yong)較多的(de)電解質膜(mo)(mo)是(shi)性能(neng)好的(de)商(shang)業Nafion膜(mo)(mo)，這就極大提(ti)高了(le)PEMFC的(de)生產成本。

2、氫源問題

PEMFC最(zui)理(li)想的燃料(liao)是純氫，但氫氣(qi)是最(zui)輕的氣(qi)體，其儲存和運輸不易。

3、壽命問題

目(mu)前很多實驗室研究PEMFC發(fa)現可達10000h，而實際應用(yong)到汽車上(shang)時，其壽命直線縮減，使用(yong)壽命有(you)待提(ti)高。

質子交換膜燃料電池應用前景

質子交換膜燃料電池發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)作(zuo)為(wei)新一代發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，其廣闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)前景(jing)可(ke)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)計算機技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)相媲美。經過多(duo)年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)應用(yong)(yong)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)膜(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)用(yong)(yong)作(zuo)汽車(che)動力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)已(yi)取(qu)得實(shi)質(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)進展，微(wei)型質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)膜(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)便攜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和(he)小型質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)膜(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)移動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)已(yi)達到產品化(hua)程(cheng)度(du)，中、大(da)(da)功率(lv)質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)膜(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)也取(qu)得了一定(ding)成(cheng)果(guo)。由(you)于質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)膜(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)有(you)(you)望成(cheng)為(wei)移動裝(zhuang)備(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和(he)重要(yao)建(jian)(jian)筑物備(bei)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展方(fang)向，因此(ci)有(you)(you)許多(duo)問題需要(yao)進行(xing)深(shen)入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)。就備(bei)用(yong)(yong)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)而(er)言，除質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)膜(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)單電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堆質(zhi)(zhi)量、效率(lv)和(he)可(ke)靠性(xing)等(deng)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)外，其應用(yong)(yong)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)主(zhu)要(yao)包括適(shi)應各種環境需要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機集(ji)成(cheng)制造技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)， 質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)膜(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)輸出補償與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)變換(huan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)膜(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機并聯(lian)運行(xing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)控(kong)制技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，備(bei)用(yong)(yong)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站制氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)儲氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，適(shi)應環境要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(氧氣(qi)(qi)(qi))供應技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)安(an)全(quan)監控(kong)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)排放技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)自動化(hua)設備(bei)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)控(kong)制系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，建(jian)(jian)筑物采用(yong)(yong)質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)膜(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱聯(lian)產聯(lian)供系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，以及質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)膜(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站建(jian)(jian)設技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)等(deng)等(deng)。采用(yong)(yong)質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)膜(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)將大(da)(da)大(da)(da)提高重要(yao)裝(zhuang)備(bei)及建(jian)(jian)筑電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可(ke)靠性(xing)，使重要(yao)建(jian)(jian)筑物以市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)備(bei)用(yong)(yong)集(ji)中柴油(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式向市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中、小型質(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)膜(mo)(mo)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)、太陽能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、風力(li)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)分散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)聯(lian)網備(bei)用(yong)(yong)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靈活(huo)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)轉(zhuan)變，極大(da)(da)地提高建(jian)(jian)筑物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)程(cheng)度(du)、節能(neng)水平和(he)環保效益。