英語翻譯中數字和倍數的翻譯表達
1、數字的表達
數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)在英(ying)語(yu)(yu)和漢(han)語(yu)(yu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)表(biao)達方式是不同的(de)(de)。漢(han)語(yu)(yu)是個,十(shi)(shi)(shi),百(bai)(bai),千(qian)(qian),萬(wan)(wan)(wan),十(shi)(shi)(shi)萬(wan)(wan)(wan),百(bai)(bai)萬(wan)(wan)(wan),千(qian)(qian)萬(wan)(wan)(wan),億,十(shi)(shi)(shi)億……,也就是以(yi)“十(shi)(shi)(shi)”的(de)(de)倍數(shu)(shu)(shu)來表(biao)示(shi);而(er)英(ying)語(yu)(yu)則(ze)(ze)是在數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)超過千(qian)(qian)以(yi)后(hou),以(yi)“千(qian)(qian)”(thousand)的(de)(de)倍數(shu)(shu)(shu)來表(biao)達,如“一萬(wan)(wan)(wan)”是“十(shi)(shi)(shi)千(qian)(qian)”,即ten thousand;“十(shi)(shi)(shi)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)”是“百(bai)(bai)千(qian)(qian)”,即hundred thousand;“百(bai)(bai)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)”為million。百(bai)(bai)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)以(yi)上的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)則(ze)(ze)用“百(bai)(bai)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)”的(de)(de)倍數(shu)(shu)(shu)表(biao)達,如“千(qian)(qian)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)”是“十(shi)(shi)(shi)百(bai)(bai)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)”,即ten million;“億”是“百(bai)(bai)百(bai)(bai)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)”,即hundred million;“十(shi)(shi)(shi)億”為billion。對于四位以(yi)上的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi),我們(men)也可(ke)以(yi)說漢(han)語(yu)(yu)中(zhong)是四位計數(shu)(shu)(shu)(萬(wan)(wan)(wan),億),而(er)英(ying)語(yu)(yu)中(zhong)是三位計數(shu)(shu)(shu)(thousand,million,billion,trillion)。了(le)解了(le)兩者的(de)(de)區別之后(hou),我們(men)在翻譯數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)時候(hou)就要注意(yi)思維和表(biao)達方式的(de)(de)轉換。
翻譯(yi)時常會(hui)遇到一(yi)些較籠統的數字,如“幾(ji)(ji)個(ge)”、“十(shi)幾(ji)(ji)個(ge)”、“幾(ji)(ji)十(shi)個(ge)”等,這(zhe)類表達法需(xu)要熟(shu)記:幾(ji)(ji)個(ge)(some,a few,several,a number of),十(shi)幾(ji)(ji)個(ge)(more than ten,no more than twenty),幾(ji)(ji)十(shi)個(ge)(dozens of),幾(ji)(ji)十(shi)年(decades),七十(shi)好幾(ji)(ji)(well over seventy),好幾(ji)(ji)百個(ge)(hundreds of),成千上萬(wan)(wan)(thousands of),幾(ji)(ji)十(shi)萬(wan)(wan)(hundreds of thousands of),億萬(wan)(wan)(hundreds of millions of)等。
例(li):123456789
在英語中(zhong),我們(men)這樣看:123,456,789,讀作:one hundred and twenty-three million four hundred and fifty-six thousand seven hundred and eighty-nine。
在漢語中,我們這樣看(kan):1,2345,6789,讀作:一億兩千三百(bai)四十五萬(wan)六千七百(bai)八(ba)十九(jiu)。
2、數字倍數的表達以及翻譯
英語表示倍(bei)數增(zeng)減或倍(bei)數對比的句型(xing)多(duo)種(zhong)多(duo)樣,其中有一些很容易譯錯,主要原因在(zai)(zai)于:英(ying)漢兩種(zhong)語言在(zai)(zai)表述或對比倍(bei)數方面存在(zai)(zai)著語言與思(si)維差異(yi)。現將常用的英(ying)語倍(bei)數句型(xing)及其正確澤法歸納如下:
A is n times bigger(longer,more,...)than B.
A is n times as big(long,much,...)as B.
A is n times the size(length,amount,...)of B.
以(yi)上三句(ju)都表示(shi)A的大(da)小(xiao)(長(chang)度(du),數(shu)量,……)是B的n倍(bei)或A比(bi)B大(da)(長(chang),多,……)n-1倍(bei)。