一、汽車起重機屬于什么類型的起重機

起重機是指在一定范圍內垂直提升和水平搬運重物的多動作起重機械，它有多種類型，包括門式起重機、橋式起重機、塔式起重機、門座式起重機、纜索式起重機、流動式起重機等多種，那么汽車起重機是什么起重機呢？

在諸多起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)類中，汽車(che)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)又叫汽車(che)吊，屬于流動(dong)式起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)的(de)一種(zhong)(zhong)，適用(yong)于單(dan)件重(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)大(da)(da)的(de)大(da)(da)、中型設備、構(gou)件的(de)吊裝，作業周期短，具有適用(yong)范圍廣、機(ji)動(dong)性好、可以方便地(di)轉移場(chang)地(di)、對(dui)道(dao)路(lu)或(huo)場(chang)地(di)要求高、臺班(ban)費(fei)較高等特點。

流(liu)動式起重機(ji)(ji)除了汽車起重機(ji)(ji)外，還(huan)有履帶式起重機(ji)(ji)、輪胎(tai)起重機(ji)(ji)、全地面起重機(ji)(ji)、隨車起重機(ji)(ji)等類型。

二、汽車起重機的構造

汽(qi)車(che)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)主(zhu)要由(you)(you)起(qi)升(sheng)、變幅、回轉、起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)臂和(he)(he)汽(qi)車(che)底(di)盤組成(cheng)，由(you)(you)于液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)技術、電子工(gong)業、高(gao)強度鋼材(cai)和(he)(he)汽(qi)車(che)工(gong)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，現在的(de)(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)車(che)吊(diao)通常(chang)采用(yong)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)統代替傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)械傳(chuan)動(dong)系(xi)(xi)統，液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)汽(qi)車(che)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)統采用(yong)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)泵(beng)、定量或(huo)變量馬(ma)(ma)達實(shi)現起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)起(qi)升(sheng)回轉、變幅、起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)臂伸(shen)縮(suo)及支(zhi)腿伸(shen)縮(suo)并(bing)可單獨或(huo)組合動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)。馬(ma)(ma)達采用(yong)過熱(re)保護，并(bing)有(you)防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)錯誤操作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全裝(zhuang)置。大噸位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)汽(qi)車(che)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)選用(yong)多聯齒輪泵(beng)，合流時(shi)還可實(shi)現上述各動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加速(su)(su)。在液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)統中設(she)有(you)自動(dong)超負荷安(an)全閥、緩沖閥及液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)鎖(suo)等，以防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)作(zuo)(zuo)業時(shi)過載(zai)或(huo)失速(su)(su)及油管突(tu)然破裂引起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)外事故發(fa)生。汽(qi)車(che)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)裝(zhuang)有(you)幅度指示器和(he)(he)高(gao)度限(xian)位(wei)器，防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)超載(zai)或(huo)超伸(shen)距(ju)，卷筒和(he)(he)滑輪設(she)有(you)防(fang)(fang)鋼絲(si)繩(sheng)跳槽的(de)(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)置。

對于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)16t以下(xia)的(de)汽(qi)車(che)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，要(yao)(yao)求設(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)顯(xian)示器(qi)，16t及16t以上的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)設(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)力(li)矩限制器(qi)，且有報警裝置(zhi)(zhi)。液壓汽(qi)車(che)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)臂(bei)(bei)由多節臂(bei)(bei)段(duan)組(zu)成(cheng)，可(ke)(ke)以根(gen)據(ju)對起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)升高度的(de)不同要(yao)(yao)求設(she)(she)計。起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)臂(bei)(bei)的(de)伸(shen)(shen)縮(suo)方式一種是(shi)順(shun)序(xu)伸(shen)(shen)縮(suo)，另一種是(shi)同步伸(shen)(shen)縮(suo)。大(da)噸(dun)(dun)位的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)了提高起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)能力(li)大(da)多數都(dou)采用(yong)同步伸(shen)(shen)縮(suo)。各臂(bei)(bei)段(duan)的(de)伸(shen)(shen)縮(suo)由油(you)壓控(kong)制，伸(shen)(shen)縮(suo)自如(ru)。帶副(fu)臂(bei)(bei)的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，在行(xing)駛(shi)狀態時，副(fu)臂(bei)(bei)一般安(an)置(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)主(zhu)臂(bei)(bei)的(de)側(ce)方或(huo)下(xia)方。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)臺(tai)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)用(yong)來布(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)升機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)、回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)、起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)臂(bei)(bei)及變幅油(you)缸的(de)下(xia)支點和操縱裝置(zhi)(zhi)。對于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)、大(da)噸(dun)(dun)位的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，有的(de)還在轉(zhuan)(zhuan)臺(tai)上安(an)置(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)臺(tai)與底架之(zhi)間用(yong)能承(cheng)受垂直載(zai)荷(he)、水平載(zai)荷(he)及傾覆力(li)矩的(de)回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)支承(cheng)聯接。為(wei)了防(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)在行(xing)駛(shi)時轉(zhuan)(zhuan)臺(tai)發(fa)生滑(hua)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，設(she)(she)有轉(zhuan)(zhuan)臺(tai)鎖定裝置(zhi)(zhi)。回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)由定量(liang)馬達驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)的(de)輸出齒(chi)輪(lun)與回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)支承(cheng)齒(chi)輪(lun)嚙合。實現(xian)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)臺(tai)沿回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)中(zhong)心作360°回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)。起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)臂(bei)(bei)的(de)變幅，由單只或(huo)雙(shuang)只液壓油(you)缸通過油(you)液控(kong)制完成(cheng)。起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)由油(you)液控(kong)制變量(liang)或(huo)定量(liang)馬達通過減(jian)速機(ji)(ji)(ji)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)卷筒(tong)。由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)采用(yong)液力(li)變矩器(qi)，起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)各機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)的(de)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能無級變速，可(ke)(ke)使(shi)載(zai)荷(he)在微動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)速度下(xia)由動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)控(kong)制下(xia)降。為(wei)了防(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)過卷，設(she)(she)有鋼絲繩三圈保護裝置(zhi)(zhi)及報警裝置(zhi)(zhi)。中(zhong)、大(da)噸(dun)(dun)位的(de)汽(qi)車(che)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)可(ke)(ke)根(gen)據(ju)市(shi)場需要(yao)(yao)配(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)副(fu)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)升機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)，以供雙(shuang)鉤作業。

三、汽車起重機的工作原理

汽車起重機的原理很簡單：起重臂里面(mian)的下面(mian)有一個(ge)轉動卷筒，上(shang)(shang)面(mian)繞鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)繩，鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)繩通(tong)過在下一節臂頂端上(shang)(shang)的滑輪，將上(shang)(shang)一節起重臂拉出去，依此(ci)類(lei)推。縮回時，卷筒倒轉回收(shou)鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)繩，起重臂在自重作(zuo)用下回縮。