一、醫用冷藏箱和家里的冰箱有什么區別

醫用冷藏箱又叫醫用低溫冰箱，雖然也是冰箱，但和普通家庭用的冰箱是有很大區別的，醫用冷藏箱和家用冰箱的區別(bie)主要有：

1、用途不同

醫用(yong)冷藏箱(xiang)主要用(yong)來低溫儲(chu)存離(li)體器官、組織、細胞、血液和(he)血液制品、疫苗等；家用(yong)冰箱(xiang)主要用(yong)來存儲(chu)食品。

2、溫度控制傳感器不同

冰(bing)箱(xiang)溫(wen)度(du)(du)的控(kong)制是(shi)通過溫(wen)度(du)(du)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)控(kong)制壓(ya)縮機的開停機實現的。家(jia)用(yong)冰(bing)箱(xiang)一般只有(you)(you)1個溫(wen)度(du)(du)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)，壓(ya)縮機啟動(dong)(dong)和(he)停機時冰(bing)箱(xiang)溫(wen)度(du)(du)相差較(jiao)大。家(jia)用(yong)冰(bing)箱(xiang)只需保(bao)證食品新(xin)鮮不(bu)變質，因此溫(wen)度(du)(du)波動(dong)(dong)較(jiao)大。醫用(yong)冷(leng)(leng)藏(zang)一般有(you)(you)兩個以(yi)上(shang)溫(wen)度(du)(du)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)，醫用(yong)血液冷(leng)(leng)藏(zang)箱(xiang)有(you)(you)5個溫(wen)度(du)(du)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)，多個數字集成傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)共同參與顯示(shi)和(he)控(kong)制醫用(yong)冷(leng)(leng)藏(zang)箱(xiang)的溫(wen)度(du)(du)，加之(zhi)電加熱(re)補償系統(tong)，即使(shi)是(shi)頻繁(fan)開門，溫(wen)控(kong)系統(tong)也能迅速作出調(diao)整。

3、壓縮機類型不同

家用(yong)(yong)(yong)冰(bing)箱(xiang)為了(le)省電，用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)是(shi)(shi)低倍壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮機(ji)，其制冷瞬間蒸發(fa)(fa)(fa)，溫(wen)度降得(de)很多，容易造(zao)成(cheng)冰(bing)箱(xiang)內物品結(jie)冰(bing)過(guo)冷等。醫用(yong)(yong)(yong)冷藏箱(xiang)為了(le)保證(zheng)冰(bing)箱(xiang)空間內溫(wen)度平穩下(xia)降，用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)倍壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮機(ji)其低溫(wen)級系統中(zhong)還配有氣(qi)(qi)熱(re)(re)交換器(qi)(qi)，可(ke)使(shi)從蒸發(fa)(fa)(fa)器(qi)(qi)出來的(de)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)體同進(jin)入冷凝蒸發(fa)(fa)(fa)器(qi)(qi)前的(de)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)體進(jin)行(xing)熱(re)(re)交換，這樣可(ke)減少冷凝蒸發(fa)(fa)(fa)器(qi)(qi)的(de)熱(re)(re)負(fu)荷(he)，而且充分(fen)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)了(le)熱(re)(re)量，更保證(zheng)了(le)工(gong)作的(de)穩定性。

4、制冷方式不同

為了節能和節約成本(ben)多采(cai)(cai)用(yong)直(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)輔(fu)助風(feng)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)，家用(yong)冰(bing)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)會采(cai)(cai)用(yong)風(feng)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)方(fang)式，直(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)冰(bing)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)蒸(zheng)發器緊貼(tie)冰(bing)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)(nei)壁，使得冰(bing)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)(nei)壁的(de)溫(wen)(wen)度非常低(di)(di)（遠低(di)(di)于使用(yong)溫(wen)(wen)度），向內(nei)(nei)靠自然對(dui)流傳熱，箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)(nei)溫(wen)(wen)度相差(cha)較(jiao)大(da)。醫用(yong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)藏箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)為了使冰(bing)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)各部(bu)分溫(wen)(wen)度一致(zhi)，則綜(zong)合(he)布局蒸(zheng)發器或(huo)選配合(he)適的(de)風(feng)機(ji)循環溫(wen)(wen)度。此類冰(bing)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)全部(bu)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)風(feng)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)式，風(feng)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)對(dui)冰(bing)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)溫(wen)(wen)度均(jun)勻性(xing)(xing)、波動性(xing)(xing)有嚴格要求。風(feng)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)冰(bing)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)(nei)有專用(yong)風(feng)道隔離冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)源(yuan)，可保(bao)證溫(wen)(wen)度均(jun)勻恒定，同(tong)時確保(bao)藥品及疫苗等生物制品不被(bei)凍(dong)損。超低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)冰(bing)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)制冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)系統則基本(ben)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)復疊或(huo)制冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)的(de)工作(zuo)原(yuan)理。

5、價格不同

因為醫用(yong)冷藏(zang)箱和(he)家用(yong)冰箱的(de)設計標準不一樣，它們的(de)價格相差甚(shen)遠，一般(ban)情況(kuang)下，醫用(yong)冷藏(zang)箱的(de)價格是普(pu)通冰箱的(de)4倍(bei)到15倍(bei)，根據醫用(yong)冷藏(zang)箱的(de)用(yong)途，價格也(ye)有極大的(de)差異。

6、報警功能不同

普通(tong)家用(yong)冰箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)無報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，部分高(gao)端家用(yong)冰箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)有(you)超溫報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。醫用(yong)冷(leng)藏箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)比較完善和全面，一般醫用(yong)冷(leng)藏箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)具(ju)備(bei)：高(gao)低(di)(di)溫報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、溫控器故障(zhang)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、斷電(dian)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、開關門異(yi)常(chang)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、環溫高(gao)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)等基礎(chu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。醫用(yong)低(di)(di)溫保存箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)具(ju)備(bei)以上報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)之外，還具(ju)有(you)：冷(leng)凝器臟堵(du)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、傳感器故障(zhang)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、電(dian)池電(dian)量(liang)低(di)(di)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，電(dian)壓(ya)異(yi)常(chang)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)等拓展報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。同時具(ju)有(you)兩(liang)種報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)方式，通(tong)過聲音(yin)蜂(feng)鳴和燈光閃爍，提醒使用(yong)者(zhe)加(jia)以觀(guan)察并關注(zhu)。

7、保溫層厚度不同

家用(yong)冰箱(xiang)(xiang)的(de)保溫(wen)(wen)層(ceng)厚(hou)度一般為(wei)20~45mm的(de)聚氨(an)酯發泡(pao)。醫(yi)用(yong)藥(yao)品(pin)箱(xiang)(xiang)保溫(wen)(wen)層(ceng)厚(hou)度為(wei)40~50mm的(de)高密度聚氨(an)酯發泡(pao)，-86℃醫(yi)用(yong)低溫(wen)(wen)保存箱(xiang)(xiang)保溫(wen)(wen)層(ceng)壁厚(hou)可達120~160mm。一般保溫(wen)(wen)層(ceng)越厚(hou)，保溫(wen)(wen)絕熱(re)性能越好。

8、執行國家標準不同

家用(yong)(yong)(yong)冰箱(xiang)執(zhi)行國(guo)標(biao)：GB4706.1-2005《家用(yong)(yong)(yong)和類(lei)似用(yong)(yong)(yong)途電來器的安全通用(yong)(yong)(yong)要求(qiu)》；GB/T8059-2016《家用(yong)(yong)(yong)和類(lei)似用(yong)(yong)(yong)途制(zhi)冷器具(ju)》。藥(yao)品(pin)冷藏(zang)(zang)箱(xiang)行業標(biao)準是YY/T0086-2007；血(xue)液冷藏(zang)(zang)箱(xiang)的國(guo)家標(biao)準是GB/T21278-2007；低溫保存箱(xiang)的國(guo)家冰箱(xiang)是 GB/T20154-2014。

二、家用冰箱能當醫用冷藏箱用嗎

不能。

醫(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)藏(zang)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)直接關系(xi)到臨(lin)床檢驗(yan)及臨(lin)床用(yong)(yong)血(xue)的(de)安全性和有(you)效性，如果使用(yong)(yong)普(pu)通的(de)家用(yong)(yong)冰箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)儲存，那些(xie)醫(yi)(yi)療樣本、試劑、血(xue)液會(hui)存在很大(da)隱患，比如家用(yong)(yong)冰箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)溫(wen)度相(xiang)差較大(da)，當藥品(pin)或疫(yi)苗因(yin)堆(dui)放過多靠近內(nei)壁時，就會(hui)發(fa)生冷(leng)(leng)(leng)壞情況，而醫(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)藏(zang)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)有(you)專用(yong)(yong)風道(dao)隔離冷(leng)(leng)(leng)源，可保(bao)證溫(wen)度均(jun)勻恒(heng)定，同時確保(bao)藥品(pin)及疫(yi)苗等生物制品(pin)不被凍損。

因此，不能使用家用冰箱代替醫(yi)用冷(leng)藏箱。