一、電力電容器是什么

電力電容器是一種電(dian)力(li)(li)系統中常用的(de)(de)(de)設(she)備。它是利用電(dian)介質的(de)(de)(de)極化和電(dian)容效應來(lai)存儲電(dian)能，通過改變電(dian)容器內部電(dian)場分布的(de)(de)(de)方式，來(lai)實現對電(dian)路中電(dian)壓、電(dian)流、功率因數等參數的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制和調節。電(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)容器具有以下性能特點：

1、高容量：電(dian)力(li)電(dian)容器可以提(ti)供較大的電(dian)容量(liang)，以滿足電(dian)力(li)系統(tong)的需求。

2、高電壓：電力電容器能夠(gou)承(cheng)受(shou)較高的電壓(ya)，以(yi)適(shi)應電力系統的要求。

3、低損耗：電力電容器具有較低的電能損耗，能夠提高(gao)功(gong)率因(yin)數(shu)并減少能源浪費。

4、長壽命：電力電容器具有較長的使用壽命(ming)，可以穩定(ding)地工作多年。

二、電力電容器容量的單位是什么

電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)，用于電(dian)(dian)力系統和(he)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)設備的(de)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)。任意兩塊金(jin)屬(shu)導體，中間(jian)用絕(jue)緣介質(zhi)隔開，即構成一個(ge)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)。電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)的(de)大小(xiao)，由其(qi)幾(ji)何尺寸和(he)兩極板間(jian)絕(jue)緣介質(zhi)的(de)特性來決定。當電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)在交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)壓下使用時，常以其(qi)無功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)表示電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)的(de)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)，單位為乏(fa)或(huo)千乏(fa)。

三、電力電容器的種類

電(dian)力電(dian)容(rong)器按(an)用途可分(fen)為8種：

1、并聯電容器：原稱(cheng)移相電(dian)(dian)容器。主要用于補償電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統感性負荷的無功功率，以(yi)提(ti)高功率因(yin)數(shu)，改善電(dian)(dian)壓質(zhi)量，降(jiang)低線路(lu)損耗。

2、串聯電容器：串聯于工頻高壓輸(shu)(shu)、配電線(xian)路中(zhong)，用以補償(chang)線(xian)路的分布感抗，提(ti)高系統(tong)的靜、動態穩(wen)定性，改(gai)善線(xian)路的電壓質量，加長送電距離和增大輸(shu)(shu)送能力(li)。

3、耦合電容器：主要用于(yu)高壓電力線路的高頻通(tong)信(xin)、測量(liang)、控(kong)制、保護以及在抽取電能的裝置中(zhong)作部件(jian)用。

4、斷路器電容器：原稱均(jun)(jun)壓(ya)電(dian)容器(qi)。并(bing)聯在(zai)超高壓(ya)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路器(qi)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)口上起均(jun)(jun)壓(ya)作用，使(shi)各斷(duan)(duan)(duan)口間的電(dian)壓(ya)在(zai)分斷(duan)(duan)(duan)過程中和斷(duan)(duan)(duan)開(kai)時均(jun)(jun)勻，并(bing)可改善(shan)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路器(qi)的滅弧特(te)性(xing)，提高分斷(duan)(duan)(duan)能(neng)力。

5、電熱電容器：用于(yu)頻(pin)率(lv)為40～24000赫的電熱設備系統中，以提高功(gong)率(lv)因數(shu)，改善回路的電壓(ya)或頻(pin)率(lv)等特性。

6、脈沖電容器：主要起貯能(neng)作(zuo)用，用作(zuo)沖擊(ji)電(dian)壓發生(sheng)器、沖擊(ji)電(dian)流發生(sheng)器、斷路器試驗用振蕩回路等(deng)基本貯能(neng)元件(jian)。

7、直流和濾波電容器：用于高壓(ya)直流裝置(zhi)和高壓(ya)整流濾(lv)波裝置(zhi)中。

8、標準電容器：用(yong)(yong)于工頻高壓測(ce)量(liang)介質損耗回(hui)路中，作(zuo)(zuo)為標準電(dian)容(rong)或用(yong)(yong)作(zuo)(zuo)測(ce)量(liang)高壓的電(dian)容(rong)分壓裝置(zhi)。

另外，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器在電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)系統中分(fen)高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器（6KV以上）和(he)低壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器（400V），低壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器按性質(zhi)分(fen)油浸紙質(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器和(he)自愈式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器；電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器按功能分(fen)普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器和(he)智(zhi)能式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器。

四、電力電容器的作用

1、提高電路的效率

電力電容器是一種(zhong)存儲電荷的設(she)備(bei)，它可以在電荷的流(liu)動時向電路(lu)中提供電荷，從(cong)而(er)減少電路(lu)中的電流(liu)變化(hua)。這就可以提高電路(lu)的效率，在電氣設(she)備(bei)的操作過程中，節約(yue)能量。

2、改善電氣系統的穩定性

在電路中添加電力(li)電容器(qi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)降(jiang)低電路的電阻，從而減少電路的波動和干擾。這可(ke)(ke)以(yi)改善設備的穩(wen)定性，在高電壓環境(jing)下(xia)，電力(li)電容器(qi)的作用是不可(ke)(ke)或缺的。

3、減少能量浪費

在一(yi)些電(dian)氣(qi)設備中，電(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)容(rong)器還(huan)可以用來(lai)存儲(chu)能(neng)量(liang)，從而(er)減少(shao)能(neng)量(liang)的浪費。在電(dian)力(li)(li)系統中，電(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)容(rong)器可以將電(dian)能(neng)存儲(chu)下來(lai)，并在需(xu)要的時候釋放(fang)，從而(er)提高電(dian)力(li)(li)系統的效(xiao)率，降低(di)能(neng)量(liang)的浪費。

4、提高電氣設備的壽命

電力電容器具有安全可靠的特點，并且能夠提供穩定的電源。在電氣設備中，電力電容器可(ke)以提(ti)供更(geng)為(wei)穩定的(de)電(dian)源，保護其他電(dian)器設備不受損壞，從而提(ti)高(gao)電(dian)氣(qi)設備的(de)壽命。

5、改善電能質量

電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器可(ke)(ke)以(yi)提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)質量，降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)諧波量和(he)噪聲(sheng)水平(ping)，減(jian)少(shao)設備的(de)(de)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)波干擾，提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)(de)穩定(ding)性和(he)可(ke)(ke)靠性。同時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器還(huan)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)平(ping)衡三相電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，消除三相負(fu)載不平(ping)衡現象，保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)設備的(de)(de)正常運行。

6、補償無功功率，提高功率因數

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器是一種(zhong)被動(dong)元(yuan)件，能夠存儲(chu)和(he)釋放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，補(bu)償(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)中的(de)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)。由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機、變壓器等(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)設備的(de)工作需要消耗(hao)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)，加上線(xian)路本身的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容和(he)感抗，導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)中無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)較(jiao)大，功(gong)(gong)率(lv)因數較(jiao)低，影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)穩(wen)(wen)定運行和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能利用效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)。而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器通過(guo)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)補(bu)償(chang)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)，可以提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)因數，降(jiang)低線(xian)路損耗(hao)，降(jiang)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓損耗(hao)，提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)運行效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)和(he)穩(wen)(wen)定性(xing)。